Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a decrease in the number of available follicles in the ovaries and the quality of oocytes, which in turn affects follicle development, ovulation and sex hormone secretion, resulting in decreased fertility. Harmful chemical components in cigarette smoke, such as nicotine and benzopyrene, can interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and impair ovarian reserve and function through apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and DNA damage, which can directly affect ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes, causing oocyte development disorders, increased apoptosis of granulosa cells, destroy reproductive endocrine homeostasis, lead to DOR and affect female fertility. At present, the molecular mechanism of premature ovarian dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke is not fully understood. In this paper, the molecular mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure affecting ovarian tissue and mediating ovarian function was reviewed, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the study of cigarette smoke induced DOR and affecting ovarian function, and to provide pregnant guidance for infertile women in bad environment and bad living habits.

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a decrease in the number of available follicles in the ovaries and the quality of oocytes, which in turn affects follicle development, ovulation and sex hormone secretion, resulting in decreased fertility. Harmful chemical components in cigarette smoke, such as nicotine and benzopyrene, can interfere with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and impair ovarian reserve and function through apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and DNA damage, which can directly affect ovarian granulosa cells and oocytes, causing oocyte development disorders, increased apoptosis of granulosa cells, destroy reproductive endocrine homeostasis, lead to DOR and affect female fertility. At present, the molecular mechanism of premature ovarian dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke is not fully understood. In this paper, the molecular mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure affecting ovarian tissue and mediating ovarian function was reviewed, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the study of cigarette smoke induced DOR and affecting ovarian function, and to provide pregnant guidance for infertile women in bad environment and bad living habits.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( IVF-ET)patients.Methods A total of 92 patients were selected and accepted fertility treatment from October to November, 2012.Then, we investigated their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index ( PSQI) scale.Results Among the 92 IVF-ET patients, 19 patients ( 20.6%) at the first day during period , 43 patients (46.7%) on the day of oocyte retrieval , and 42 patients (45.6%) on the seventh day after embryo transfer got a score of PSQI over 7, which indicated that a number of patients who had experienced sleep disorders and the problem remained at a high level .At the first day during period , IVF-ET patients ’ score of PSQI in sleep quality, the time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, daytime dysfunction, and the total score were (0.89 ±0.64), (0.96 ±0.75), (0.89 ±0.69), (0.46 ±0.76), (1.08 ±0.60), (1.05 ±0.72) scores, and (4.78 ±2.39), respectively, which were higher than the norm score of (0.63 ±0.68), (0.70 ±0.86), (0.70 ±0.58), (0.15 ±0.47), (0.90 ±0.44), (0.73 ±0.83), and (3.88 ±2.52) scores.The differences were significant (t=2.795 6, 2.274 8, 2.141 8, 3.412 9, 2.424 4, 2.922 3, 2.597 7, respectively;P<0.05).On the day of oocyte retrieval, IVF-ET patients’ score of PSQI in sleep quality, the time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, daytime dysfunction, and the total score were (1.22 ±0.55), (1.23 ±0.79), (1.17 ±0.72), (0.91 ±0.93), (1.24 ±0.54), (1.38 ±0.72), and (7.23 ±2.07) scores, respectively.On the seventh day after embryo transfer , those scores were (1.08 ±0.58), (1.27 ±0.68), (1.18 ±0.77), (0.90 ±0.88), (1.27 ±0.54), (1.43 ± 0.76), and (7.09 ±1.87) scores, respectively.Compared with the first day during period , the differences of scores were significant (F=7.067, 4.879, 4.829, 8.427, 3.231, 7.232, 38.521, respectively;P<0.05). Conclusions The sleep quality of IVF-ET patients were significantly decreased , so measures should be taken to improve the sleep quality during different stages of treatment .

Objective: To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Tang Shen Ning(TSN,a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine)for curing the early stage of diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods: Adopting random and double-blind controlled trial methods,several indexes were observed in terms of uric micro-amount albumin excretion rate,creatinine clearance,hemorheology and platelet function et al.Results: TSN could significantly reduce urinary albumin,glomerulus's hyper-filtration,improve blood stream transform and inhibit platelet aggregation.Conclusion: TSN could protect renal functions during the early stage of DN.