Animal experimentation constitutes a critical link between basic research and clinical application, making its research quality and translational efficiency paramount. Although considerable progress has been made in standardizing operational procedures and ethical guidelines, the standardization of outcome evaluation systems has significantly lagged, creating a key bottleneck that constrains the quality of biomedical research and evidence synthesis. This deficiency is manifested by pronounced heterogeneity in outcome selection across similar studies, incomplete methodological reporting, and disparate criteria for result interpretation, which severely impairs the comparability of findings and the evidence integration. To cope with this challenge, this paper systematically introduces a mature methodological tool from clinical research–the core outcome set (COS)–and explores its construction strategies and application potential in the field of animal experimentation. Given the extensive diversity of animal experiments, a pragmatic strategy of "focusing on key areas, implementing phased pilots, and promoting gradual expansion" should be adopted. This approach prioritizes the development of domain-specific COS for disease areas characterized by high research volume, urgent translational needs, and well-established animal models. A multi-source integration pathway for COS development is detailed, comprising systematic literature searches, methodological appraisals, and expert consensus, with the feasibility of leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency also being examined. The development and promotion of such COS are not intended to restrict scientific exploration; rather, they aim to establish a new, tiered evaluation paradigm consisting of "core outcomes" (mandatory), "recommended outcomes" (encouraged), and "exploratory outcomes" (optional). This framework is expected not only to enhance research quality through standardization and to adhere to the "3R" principles but also to accelerate the accumulation of high-quality evidence. This, in turn, provides a solid foundation for higher-level evidence synthesis, ultimately facilitating the effective translation of basic research findings into clinical practice and providing an essential methodological framework for scientific advancement in relevant disciplines.

[Objective] To investigate the non-pathological influencing factors of the unqualified alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the initial screening of blood donors in Changchun and the laboratory re-examination, so as to provide evidence for reducing the deferral of blood donors and the discarding of blood due to ALT disqualification. [Methods] The unqualified results of ALT from the laboratory of our center from September 1, 2023 to October 31, 2024 were collected. The unqualified rates of ALT were statistically analyzed according to the blood collection sites and the initial screening detection equipment. The samples after ALT pre-donation screening were tested in the laborator, and the unqualified rates of ALT in the initial screening and the laboratory, the non-conformity rate of the results and the distribution range of ALT values were statistically analyzed according to the blood collection sites and the initial screening detection equipment. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the blood donors before blood collection to statistically analyze the influence of the blood donors' living habits and diet on ALT test results. [Results] The statistical analysis of the unqualified rate of ALT in the laboratory showed statistically significant differences in the ALT disqualification rates among different blood collection sites and different initial screening detection devices (P<0.05). Comparison of the ALT unqualified rate for the same type of equipment at different sites showed that for Equipment 1, there were differences between the combined blood collection house and the whole blood house, and between the combined blood collection house and the blood donation vehicle (P<0.05); for Equipment 2, there were differences between the combined blood collection house and the blood donation vehicle, and between the whole blood house and the blood donation vehicle (P<0.05); there were no significant differences among other groups with the same equipment. The initial screening and the laboratory test results for the same samples were compared, with unqualified rates of ALT of 16.29% and 13.01%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the unqualified rates of ALT among different blood collection sites (P<0.05), but no significant differences in the ALT test results among different detection equipment (P>0.05).. The non-conformity rate between the initial screening and the laboratory results was 5.26%, of which 81.15% (99/122) were unqualified in the initial screening but qualified in the laboratory. There were statistically significant differences in those unqualified in the initial screening but qualified in the laboratory among different blood collection sites and different detection equipment (P<0.05). The median ALT level in the initial screening was 29.0 U/L (with a 5%-95% range of 14-75 U/L), and the median ALT level in the laboratory was 19 U/L (with a 5%-95% range of 8-65 U/L). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that 33.3% (2/6) of those who consumed alcohol within 24 hours before blood donation had unqualified ALT, and 10% (1/10) of those who stayed up late the night before blood donation had unqualified ALT. [Conclusion] The unqualified rates of ALT in the initial screening before blood collection and the laboratory re-examination of blood donors in Changchun are closely related to the blood collection sites, detection equipment, detection environment, detection personnel, samples, ALT thresholds and detection time. Drinking alcohol and staying up late within 24 hours before blood donation increase the risk of unqualified ALT detection.

Objective To understand the surveillance situation of poliovirus in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2024, and to further strengthen polio surveillance and ensure the continued maintenance of a polio-free status. Methods An analysis was conducted on the discovery and investigation results of six cases of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) detected in Guangzhou. Results A total of 6 VDPV incidents were reported in Guangzhou from 2011 to June 2024, among which 5 incidents were from sewage sample testing in the Liede Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou, all of which were confirmed as VDPV, with 1 for type I, 1 for type II, and 3 for type III. In addition, one confirmed HFMD case was identified as a type VDPV II carrier. No presence of any wild poliovirus (WPV), VDPV cases, or circulating VDPV (cVDPV) was reported. Conclusion Guangzhou City has maintained a high level of vigilance and effectiveness in the monitoring and prevention of polio. Continuously strengthening the construction of the polio monitoring network, optimizing vaccination strategies, and comprehensively improving public health awareness are still the focus of the prevention and control work in the future.

Depression, a prevalent mental disorder with significant socioeconomic burdens, underscores the urgent need for safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions. Recent advances in microbiome research have revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of depression. Concurrently, exercise, as a cost-effective and accessible intervention, has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on the interplay among exercise, gut microbiota modulation, and depression, elucidating the mechanistic pathways through which exercise ameliorates depressive symptoms via the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Depression is characterized by gut microbiota alterations, including reduced alpha and beta diversity, depletion of beneficial taxa (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Coprococcus), and overgrowth of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Morganella, Klebsiella, and Enterobacteriaceae). Metagenomic analyses reveal disrupted metabolic functions in depressive patients, such as diminished synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), impaired tryptophan metabolism, and dysregulated bile acid conversion. For instance, Bifidobacterium longum deficiency correlates with reduced synthesis of neuroactive metabolites like homovanillic acid, while decreased Coprococcus abundance limits butyrate production, exacerbating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, elevated levels of indole derivatives from Clostridium species inhibit serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, contributing to depressive phenotypes. These dysbiotic profiles disrupt the MGB axis, triggering systemic inflammation, neurotransmitter imbalances, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. Exercise exerts profound effects on gut microbiota composition, diversity, and metabolic activity. Longitudinal studies demonstrate that sustained aerobic exercise increases alpha diversity, enriches SCFA-producing genera (e.g., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia, and Akkermansia), and suppresses pathobionts (e.g., Desulfovibrio and Streptococcus). For example, a meta-analysis of 25 trials involving 1 044 participants confirmed that exercise enhances microbial richness and restores the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, a biomarker of metabolic health. Notably, endurance training promotes Veillonella proliferation, which converts lactate into propionate, enhancing energy metabolism and delaying fatigue. Exercise also strengthens intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating tight junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1, occludin), thereby reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation and systemic inflammation. However, excessive exercise may paradoxically diminish microbial diversity and exacerbate intestinal permeability, highlighting the importance of moderate intensity and duration. Exercise ameliorates depressive symptoms through multifaceted interactions with the gut microbiota, primarily via 4 interconnected pathways. First, exercise mitigates neuroinflammation by elevating anti-inflammatory SCFAs such as butyrate, which suppresses NF-κB signaling to attenuate microglial activation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Animal studies demonstrate that voluntary wheel running reduces hippocampal TNF‑α and IL-17 levels in stress-induced depression models, while fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from exercised mice reverses depressive behaviors by modulating the TLR4/NF‑κB pathway. Second, exercise regulates neurotransmitter dynamics by enriching GABA-producing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, thereby counteracting neuronal hyperexcitability. Aerobic exercise also enhances the abundance of Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus, which facilitate 5-HT and dopamine synthesis. Clinical trials reveal that 12 weeks of moderate exercise increases fecal Coprococcus and Blautia abundance, correlating with improved 5-HT bioavailability and reduced depression scores. Third, exercise normalizes HPA axis hyperactivity by reducing cortisol levels and restoring glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. In rodent models, chronic stress-induced corticosterone elevation is reversed by probiotic supplementation (e.g., Lactobacillus), which enhances endocannabinoid signaling and hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, exercise upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via microbial metabolites like butyrate, promoting histone acetylation and synaptic plasticity. FMT experiments confirm that exercise-induced microbiota elevates prefrontal BDNF expression, reversing stress-induced neuronal atrophy. Fourth, exercise reshapes microbial metabolic crosstalk, diverting tryptophan metabolism toward 5-HT synthesis instead of neurotoxic kynurenine derivatives. Butyrate inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key enzyme in the kynurenine pathway linked to depression. Concurrently, exercise-induced Akkermansia enrichment enhances mucin production, fortifies the gut barrier, and reduces LPS-driven neuroinflammation. Collectively, these mechanisms underscore exercise as a potent modulator of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, offering a holistic approach to alleviating depression through microbial and neurophysiological synergy. Current evidence supports exercise as a potent adjunct therapy for depression, with personalized regimens (e.g., aerobic, resistance, or yoga) tailored to individual microbiota profiles. However, challenges remain in optimizing exercise prescriptions (intensity, duration, and type) and integrating them with probiotics, prebiotics, or FMT for synergistic effects. Future research should prioritize large-scale randomized controlled trials to validate causality, multi-omics approaches to decipher MGB axis dynamics, and mechanistic studies exploring microbial metabolites as therapeutic targets. The authors advocate for a paradigm shift toward microbiota-centric interventions, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship between physical activity and gut ecosystem resilience in mental health management. In conclusion, this review underscores exercise as a multifaceted modulator of the gut-brain axis, offering novel insights into non-pharmacological strategies for depression. By bridging microbial ecology, neuroimmunology, and exercise physiology, this work lays a foundation for precision medicine approaches targeting the gut microbiota to alleviate depressive disorders.

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Polyethylene (PE) is widely used due to its excellent properties. However, the improper disposal of PE waste has led to serious environmental pollution. Microbial degradation of PE is a low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient method of homogeneous recycling. The use of microbial degradation technology to treat polyethylene waste has become one of the current research hotspots. As a result, employing microbial degradation technology to address polyethylene waste has become a key focus of current research. A PE-degrading strain ETX1 was screened from waste plastics in a landfill by the enrichment culture method. The strain was identified as Lysinibacillus sp.. After incubating PE powder with the strain for 20 days, a weight loss of 29.41% was observed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that special absorption peaks such as carbonyl and hydroxyl groups appeared, proving that ETX1 had the effect of degrading PE. The degradation effect of this strain was characterized by the weight loss of PE film, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle. The results showed that ETX1 reduced the PE film weight by up to 5.23% within 120 days. The film structure was damaged, with holes formed by erosion on the film surface, and the hydrophilicity was enhanced. Additionally, a stronger carbonyl absorption peak appeared. The discovery of the PE-degrading strain ETX1 not only enriches the resources of PE plastic-degrading strains but also lays a foundation for mining efficient PE-degrading elements, obtaining degrading enzymes, and deciphering related degradation pathways.
Polyethylene/chemistry* ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Bacillaceae/classification* ; Plastics/metabolism*

Objective To evaluate the application value of superb microvascular imaging(SMI)in pre-dicting ovarian cancer staging.Methods One hundred and thirty-six patients with ovarian cancer who under-went surgical treatment in our hospital from March 2019 to May 2024 were enrolled.Transvaginal,transab-dominal low-frequency,and transabdominal high-frequency two-dimensional grayscale imaging,Color Doppler Flow Imaging(CDFI),and SMI were performed before surgery for staging prediction.Taking surgical-patho-logical staging as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the combined application of transvaginal SMI,transabdominal low-frequency SMI,and transabdominal high-frequency SMI for predicting ovarian cancer staging were calculated.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was established,the area under the ROC curve(AUC)was calculated,and the diagnostic efficacy of SMI for predicting ovarian cancer staging was determined.Results The combined application of transvaginal SMI,transabdominal low-frequency SMI,and transabdominal high-frequency SMI for predicting ovarian cancer staging showed that sen-sitivity was 89.35%,92.36%,81.65%,and 83.21%for stages Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,respectively;specificity was 86.93%,84.29%,83.39%,and 82.88%;accuracy was 92.50%,94.38%,80.15%,and 84.96%;and AUC was 0.799,0.760,0.695,and 0.727.Conclusion SMI has a high application value in predicting the stage of ovarian cancer,especially for stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ ovarian cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1(ABCA1)and fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4)levels and insulin resistance(IR)and pregnan-cy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods A total of 121 patients with GDM admitted to the hospital from October 2019 to October 2023(GDM group)and 65 healthy pregnant women during the same period(control group)were selected,and the patients with GDM were divided into a poor group(50 cases)and a good group(71 cases)according to the pregnancy outcome.Serum ABCA1 and FABP4 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between the two and the IR index(MOMA-IR)assessed by steady state model.With pregnancy outcome in GDM patients as the dependent variable,multivariate Logistic regression was used to determine its influencing factors,and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of serum ABCA1 and FABP4 levels.Results Serum ABCA1 level in the GDM group was lower than those in the control group,and FABP4 level and HOMA-IR were higher than those in the control group(t=12.818,P＜0.001,t=17.219,P＜0.001,t=17.543,P＜0.001).In the GDM patients,HOMA-IR was nega-tively correlated with serum ABCA1 levels and positively correlated with serum FABP4 levels(r=-0.739,t=0.724,both P＜0.001).The independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients were HOMA-IR(OR=1.449,95％CI:1.161-1.810)and FABP4(OR=1.024,95％CI:1.011-1.037),and the independent protective factor was ABCA1(OR=0.302,95％CI:0.163-0.559).The area under the curve of serum ABCA1 combined with FABP4 level to predict pregnancy outcome in GDM patients was 0.877(95％CI:0.805-0.930),which was greater than that of serum ABCA1 and FABP4 levels alone,which were predic-ted by 0.786(95％CI:0.702-0.855),0.787(95％CI:0.703-0.856).Conclusion Reduced serum ABCA1 levels and elevated FABP4 levels are associated with IR and adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM,and the combination of the two has high predictive efficacy.

Objective To analyze the basic conditions and pathological characteristics of the samples in the Human Brain Bank of Hebei Medical University,which were pathologically diagnosed as cerebral amyloid angiopathy,and to provide reference for the research of related diseases.Methods The basic data of gender,age,apolipoprotein E genotype,pathological classification of cerebral amyloid angiopathy,Alzheimer's disease-related pathological change score,comorbidities and other pathological information were analyzed.Results Up to October 2024,twenty samples were confirmed by pathological diagnosis,with a male to female ratio of 3:1 and an average age of(80.90±8.08)years.Involve three kinds of apolipoprotein E subtype,5 kinds of genotypes(ε2/ε3 xε2/ε4、ε3/ε3 xε3/ε4、ε4/ε4);There were 2 pathologic types,including 6 cases of type 1 and 14 cases of type 2.The pathological grade included 3 grades.The severity grade and subtype classification of cerebral amyloid vascular disease were correlated with the degree of pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease.Cerebral amyloid angiopathy samples could coexist with other degenerative diseases with high comorbidity.Conclusion The incidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy is higher in the aged samples collected based on Brain Bank,which coexists with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and microbleeds,etc.It provides more detailed pathological diagnosis basis for further scientific research sharing of samples.