Objective To observe the effect of omeprazole enteric-coated capsules on clinical symptoms and serum inflammatory factor levels in children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer.Methods Children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer were divided into treatment group and control group by random number table method.The control group was given triple therapy of ranitidine hydrochloride tablets,amoxicillin and clarithromycin,while the treatment group was treated with omeprazole enteric-coated capsules combined with amoxicillin and clarithromycin.Clinical efficacy,symptom relief time,and changes in serum motilin(MOT),gastrin(GAS)and inflammatory factors[interlrukin-6(IL-6)and interlrukin-8(IL-8)]were compared between the two groups.Results There were 48 cases in treatment group and 48 cases in control group.After treatment,the total effective rates in treatment group and control group were 93.74％(45 cases/48 cases)and 85.42％(41 cases/48 cases),with significant difference(P＜0.05).After treatment,the disappearance time of ulcer induced pain in treatment group and control group were(1.51±0.26)and(2.08±0.42)d;the disappearance time of acid regurgitation were(2.29±0.40)and(2.93±0.33)d;the disappearance time of burning sensation were(2.37±0.21)and(2.85±0.54)d;the length of hospital stay were(6.21±1.07)and(6.94±1.25)d;serum MOT levels were(298.48±35.15)and(273.58±31.25)pg·mL-1;serum GAS levels were(167.28±19.46)and(128.32±18.61)ng·L-1;IL-6 levels were(58.67±5.39)and(76.14±6.63)mg·mL-1;IL-8 levels were(50.08±5.16)and(58.68±5.49)mg·mL-1.The above indexes were significantly different between control group and treatment group(all P＜0.05).The total incidence of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 8.33％and 12.50％,with no statistical significance(P＞0.05).Conclusion Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules in the treatment of children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer can effectively alleviate various clinical symptoms and improve clinical efficacy.At the same time,it can lower serum levels of inflammatory factors and improve inflammation,with good effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of Angelica polysaccharide(APS)on the differentiation and function of M2 macrophages and underlying molecular mechanism.Methods Mouse bone marrow derived macrophages(BMDM)and M2 macrophages were induced and treated with APS(0,80,160,320 μg/mL);Mouse peritoneal macrophages were isolated and treated with APS(0,160 μg/mL).Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect mannose receptor(MR),CD11b,F4/80,CD163,and ARG-1 expression levels,apoptosis,and phagocytic ability of M2 macrophages and peritoneal macrophages.Mice were randomly divided into APS gavage group and control group,APS was intragastrically administered to mice,and macrophage MR expression level in blood and spleen were detected by FCM.Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the morphology of BMDM-differentiated M2 macrophages.RT-qPCR was employed to detect the mRNA expression levels of MR and ARG-1 in M2 macrophages.Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the expression of the proteins related to molecular mechanism of differentiation and function of M2 macrophages.Results Compared with the 0 μg/mL APS group,the MR expression level in the M2 macrophages was decreased with the increase of APS concentration within a certain concentration range(80～320 μg/mL),and the MR expression level in peritoneal macrophages was also decreased in the 160 μg/mL APS treatment group(P＜0.01).The expression level of macrophage MR was also significantly decreased in peripheral blood and spleen in the APS gavage mice than the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the 0 μg/mL APS group,the expression levels of CD11b,F4/80,and CD163 in the macrophages were increased in the 80～320 μg/mL APS treatment groups(P＜0.01).The morphology of macrophage had changed,from mostly spindle-shaped and pseudopodia to mostly round or irregular,and even a few cells with pseudopodia.APS induced apoptosis in M2 macrophages(P＜0.05).Compared with the 0 μg/mL APS group,M2 macrophages treated with 160 μg/mL APS had an increased ability to phagocytose fluorescent microspheres(P＜0.01),but the expression level of ARG-1 was decreased(P＜0.01).The mRNA expression of MR and ARG-1 in M2 macrophages was decreased(P＜0.05).The mean fluorescence intensity of phosphate acidified-signal transducers and activators of transcription 6(p-STAT6)-positive signals in M2 macrophages was significantly reduced in the 160 μg/mL APS-treated group(P＜0.05).Conclusion APS has bidirectional regulation on the differentiation and function of M2 macrophages,which may be associated with its downregulation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 6(STAT6)signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks,and to provide a basis for early identification of BPD in twin preterm infants in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the twin preterm infants with a gestational age of<34 weeks who were admitted to 22 hospitals nationwide from January 2018 to December 2020.According to their conditions,they were divided into group A(both twins had BPD),group B(only one twin had BPD),and group C(neither twin had BPD).The risk factors for BPD in twin preterm infants were analyzed.Further analysis was conducted on group B to investigate the postnatal risk factors for BPD within twins.Results A total of 904 pairs of twins with a gestational age of<34 weeks were included in this study.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with group C,birth weight discordance of>25%between the twins was an independent risk factor for BPD in one of the twins(OR=3.370,95%CI:1.500-7.568,P<0.05),and high gestational age at birth was a protective factor against BPD(P<0.05).The conditional logistic regression analysis of group B showed that small-for-gestational-age(SGA)birth was an independent risk factor for BPD in individual twins(OR=5.017,95%CI:1.040-24.190,P<0.05).Conclusions The development of BPD in twin preterm infants is associated with gestational age,birth weight discordance between the twins,and SGA birth.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To establish an ultrasound radiomics model by integrating clinical, pathological, and conventional ultrasound features with radiomics characteristics, and to explore its clinical value in predicting endocrine resistance in hormone receptor(HR)-positive breast cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 478 patients with HR-positive breast cancer from January 2017 to December 2021 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, of which 430 were resistant and 48 were sensitive. The clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical data and ultrasound images were collected.Firstly, the propensity score was used to process and match the data. Secondly, Logistic regression was used to screen clinical, pathological, and conventional ultrasound features associated with endocrine resistance. Then, PyRadiomics was used to extract the radiomic features of grayscale ultrasound images, and a series of methods such as Lasso regression were used to screen the radiomic features related to endocrine resistance. Seven machine learning methods such as random forest were used to build a radiomics model. Finally, clinical, pathological and ultrasound features were added to establish a clinical pathological model, a clinical pathological ultrasound model, a clinical pathological radiomics model and a combined model of the four features, and the model effectiveness was evaluated.Results:①Propensity score matching: 96 patients were matched, including 48 patients in the drug-resistant group and 48 patients in the sensitive group. ②Screening clinical pathological conventional ultrasound features related to endocrine resistance: lymph node metastasis, tumor diameter, posterior echo attenuation, and growth orientation were independent predictors of endocrine resistance (all P<0.05). ③Screening radiomics features related to endocrine resistance: 18 features such as Dependence Entropy. ④Establishing radiomics model: the machine learning model of random forest method (AUC=0.80) performed best. ⑤Radiomics model integrating clinical, pathological and conventional ultrasound features: the AUC of the clinical pathological model was 0.70, the AUC of the clinical pathological ultrasound model was 0.78, the AUC of the clinical pathological radiomics model was 0.82, and the AUC of the combined model was 0.86. Conclusions:The radiomics model established by the random forest method performs best in predicting endocrine resistance in HR-positive breast cancer. The model that integrates multiple features performs best in assessing endocrine resistance.which is expected to provide an objective basis for clinicians to predict endocrine resistance in HR-positive breast cancer.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population of myeloid origin with immunosuppressive function. MDSCs can inhibit the normal immune response of the host to tumor by inhibiting the activity of T cells, natural killer cells, macrophage, B cells, and promoting the proliferation of Treg and other mechanisms. Therefore, MDSCs are potential targets for tumor immunotherapy. However, whether immunotherapy or other treatments, the effectiveness of monotherapy is limited, so immunotherapy combined with other treatments is a breakthrough combination. In recent years, immunotherapy combined with other treatments has shown initial results, with better results than monotherapy. It has become a research hotspot in tumor treatment and a new treatment method in the future. This article summarized the research progress on the effects of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, Chinese herbal extract and Immunotherapy combination on MDSCs, in order to provide theoretical support for the clinical application of immunotherapy based combined tumor treatment measures.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

The major vascular complications associated with diabetes make the management of diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) a challenging endeavor. Notable factors contributing to DMED include oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway activation, and apoptosis, while nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) has been shown to be beneficial in treating these aspects of this condition. We, herein, investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of NO2-OA on erectile function as assessed in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes. Our results revealed that the erectile function of DMED rats was significantly impaired compared with that of the control group. However, in response to 4 weeks of NO2-OA treatment, there was an improvement in erectile function. The expression of oxidative stress-related indicators was significantly increased and the NO/cGMP pathway was impaired in the DMED group. The expression of proapoptotic factors was increased, while that of antiapoptotic factors was decreased in the DMED group. Moreover, the cell morphology in the cavernous tissue of the DMED group also changed adversely. NO2-OA treatment significantly reversed all these changes observed in the DMED group. In conclusion, NO2-OA treatment partially improved erectile function in DMED rats through mechanisms that included inhibition of oxidative stress, activation of the NO/cGMP pathway, and a reduction in apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of MRI radiologic extranodal extension (rENE) for distant metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa).Methods:The data of 107 patients of initial visit with clinically diagnosed N1 PCa who underwent MRI and 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT examinations were retrospectively analyzed at Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from January 2017 to April 2022. The rENE was evaluated with MRI. According to the results of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, the patients were divided into the distant metastasis group (group M1, 87 cases) and the non-distant metastasis group (group M0, 20 cases). Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ 2 test were used to compare the differences in clinical indicators and rENE between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors affecting distant metastasis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of independent risk factors for PCa distant metastasis. Results:In group M1, 72 cases (82.8%) were rENE positive and 15 cases (17.2%) were rENE negative, and in group M0, 7 cases (35.0%) were rENE positive and 13 cases (65.0%) were rENE negative, and there was a statistically significant difference in rENE between the two groups (χ 2=19.20, P<0.001). There were significant differences in total prostate specific antigen level, International Society of Urological Pathology grade and T stage between the group M1 and the group M0 ( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that rENE (OR=6.248, 95%CI 1.807-21.600, P=0.004) was an independent risk factor for distant metastasis of PCa, and the area under the ROC curve of rENE in the diagnosis of distant metastasis of PCa was 0.739 (95%CI 0.607-0.871), the sensitivity was 82.8%, and the specificity was 65.0%. Conclusion:rENE is an independent predictor of distant metastasis of PCa, which has a high efficacy. Compared with patients with rENE negative, PCa patients with rENE positive have a higher degree of invasion and are more likely to have distant metastasis.

Child ; Humans ; Rural Population ; China/epidemiology* ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control*