Compilation instruction for Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Binghuang Fule Ointment elaborates on the formulation methods and evidence-based basis of the consensus. To address the problems of insufficient evidence on efficacy， vague indications， and a lack of uniform standard for Binghuang Fule Ointment in clinical application， 34 experts from 29 medical institutions across China participated in the compilation under the lead of the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， as well as China-Japan Friendship Hospital. The compilation strictly adhered to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development （GB/T 1.1—2020）， and the Guidance of Instructions for Compiling Expert Consensus on Clinical Practice of Chinese Patent Medicine. Through multidisciplinary collaboration， the compilation was completed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluations （GRADE） evidence grading system. The detailed workflow included various key links. In clinical question construction， 15 items were screened by the nominal group method. In evidence retrieval， Chinese and English databases， along with gray literature， were covered to obtain 116 clinical and 33 pharmaceutical studies. In safety assessment， drug monitoring data and clinical research results were integrated， clarifying local adverse skin reactions and contraindications. Ultimately， 8 recommendations were formed by the GRADE grid method， while 16 consensus suggestions were reached via the majority vote rule. The results showed that the Binghuang Fule Ointment was applicable to eczema， psoriasis， neurodermatitis， tinea pedis， and other diseases. The Consensus also elucidated the syndrome differentiation points， usage and dosage for different diseases （such as adjustment of course and application frequency）， as well as the indications of combination medication. Additionally， safety assessment suggested that the Ointment should be used with caution in individuals with skin ulceration or hypersensitivity. To ensure methodological rigor， the compilation process went through three rounds of internal and external expert reviews， while a comprehensive analysis was conducted by literature analysis， the Delphi method， and other methods. This compilation instruction provided methodological support for the clinical transformation of the Consensus through key links， including project initiation， international registration， informed consent， conflict-of-interest statements， evidence evaluation， and popularization. The Consensus will be continuously improved through a dynamic revision mechanism in the future.

Compilation instruction for Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Binghuang Fule Ointment elaborates on the formulation methods and evidence-based basis of the consensus. To address the problems of insufficient evidence on efficacy， vague indications， and a lack of uniform standard for Binghuang Fule Ointment in clinical application， 34 experts from 29 medical institutions across China participated in the compilation under the lead of the Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine and Xiyuan Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， as well as China-Japan Friendship Hospital. The compilation strictly adhered to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development （GB/T 1.1—2020）， and the Guidance of Instructions for Compiling Expert Consensus on Clinical Practice of Chinese Patent Medicine. Through multidisciplinary collaboration， the compilation was completed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluations （GRADE） evidence grading system. The detailed workflow included various key links. In clinical question construction， 15 items were screened by the nominal group method. In evidence retrieval， Chinese and English databases， along with gray literature， were covered to obtain 116 clinical and 33 pharmaceutical studies. In safety assessment， drug monitoring data and clinical research results were integrated， clarifying local adverse skin reactions and contraindications. Ultimately， 8 recommendations were formed by the GRADE grid method， while 16 consensus suggestions were reached via the majority vote rule. The results showed that the Binghuang Fule Ointment was applicable to eczema， psoriasis， neurodermatitis， tinea pedis， and other diseases. The Consensus also elucidated the syndrome differentiation points， usage and dosage for different diseases （such as adjustment of course and application frequency）， as well as the indications of combination medication. Additionally， safety assessment suggested that the Ointment should be used with caution in individuals with skin ulceration or hypersensitivity. To ensure methodological rigor， the compilation process went through three rounds of internal and external expert reviews， while a comprehensive analysis was conducted by literature analysis， the Delphi method， and other methods. This compilation instruction provided methodological support for the clinical transformation of the Consensus through key links， including project initiation， international registration， informed consent， conflict-of-interest statements， evidence evaluation， and popularization. The Consensus will be continuously improved through a dynamic revision mechanism in the future.

SkinPro Ointment is an emulsion-based preparation derived from a traditional Tibetan medical empirical formula and developed using modern pharmaceutical technology. It is an exclusive patented product of Tibet Hairong Tangguo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and has been listed as a National Protected Traditional Chinese Medicine Variety， the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China， and classified as a Category B product in the National Basic Medical Insurance Catalog. The ointment possesses the functions of clearing heat and drying dampness， activating blood circulation and dispelling wind， relieving itching and reducing inflammation. Clinically， it is used for skin pruritus caused by dampness-heat accumulation or blood-heat with wind-dryness， as well as pruritic skin diseases such as neurodermatitis， eczema， tinea pedis， and psoriasis. To clarify the standards for its clinical application and promote rational drug use， a consensus working group comprising 34 national experts in dermatology， evidence-based medicine， and pharmacy was established. Through expert interviews， the nominal group technique， and questionnaire surveys， 15 clinical issues were identified. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluation （GRADE） evidence grading system was employed to assess the quality of evidence， leading to the formulation of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of SkinPro Ointment. This consensus specifies that the intended users are physicians and pharmacists in medical institutions at all levels. It standardizes the clinical application of the ointment， including syndrome characteristics， dosage and course of treatment， combination therapy， precautions， and contraindications. Recommendations and consensus suggestions were formed addressing the 15 clinical issues， covering the following key areas： ①Indications and TCM syndromes： In TCM， the ointment mainly treats conditions such as "damp sores" （Shichuang）， "white scaling" （Baibi）， "collar sores" （Shelingchuang）， and "damp foot Qi" （Jiaoshiqi）， corresponding to eczema， psoriasis， neurodermatitis， and tinea pedis in Western medicine. The relevant TCM syndromes are identified as dampness-heat accumulation or blood-heat with wind-dryness. ②Usage and dosage： For external use， apply to the affected area 3 times daily. The dosage should follow the fingertip unit （FTU） principle. A treatment course of 1-2 weeks is recommended for mild to moderate cases； for serious cases， the course should be followed as prescribed by a physician. ③Combined therapy： The ointment can be used as monotherapy for mild cases. For moderate to severe cases， combination therapy is recommended， with reference to relevant clinical guidelines. ④Safety： Common adverse reactions include skin rashes， pruritus， and erythema. The ointment is contraindicated in patients with broken skin or obvious exudation at the affected area， as well as in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components. Contact with sensitive areas such as the eyes and oral mucosa should be avoided. Modern research shows that the ointment also has potential efficacy in other dermatological conditions， such as adult atopic dermatitis， tinea cruris， exfoliative keratolysis， acne vulgaris， and Malassezia folliculitis. This consensus provides a scientific basis for promoting the rational clinical use of SkinPro Ointment， improving its therapeutic efficacy， and reducing medication risks. Future updates will be dynamically revised according to emerging clinical issues and new evidence.

The digitization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has generated vast amounts of data. However, these data are characterized by significant heterogeneity and complex semantic structures, posing substantial challenges for systematic integration and intelligent analysis, and limiting its potential for modern clinical and computational research. To address the challenges posed by the high heterogeneity and complex structure in TCM data, we designed and developed the TCM Data Hub platform, which is powered by the YiYuan large language models (LLMs). This platform aims to enhance intelligent data processing capabilities and unlock the potential for clinical application of TCM data through systematic integration and efficient utilization, thereby bridging the gap between traditional knowledge and modern computational research. This study first analyzed the heterogeneity and complexity of TCM information with respect to data types, structures, and semantics. A standardized data framework was constructed to enhance data integration and interoperability. Based on the TCM Intelligent Computing Platform of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, we trained the YiYuan LLMs to acquire domain-specific semantic understanding of TCM, thereby improving the platform’s comprehension of specialized terminology and knowledge systems. Leveraging the natural language processing capabilities of the LLMs, we developed a human-in-the-loop data processing system to enable efficient extraction, cleansing, and structured organization of TCM data. In addition, utilizing Vue and Java technologies, we developed multiple LLM-powered intelligent agents and systems, including a human-in-the-loop data processing system, as well as automated prescription mining and network pharmacology analysis agents. Task-specific agents tailored to TCM data processing were developed to enhance the model’s effectiveness in clinical knowledge discovery. System functionality and platform infrastructure were implemented using Java and Vue technologies.The TCM Data Hub platform has completed system construction and core functionality implementation. It supported integrated management and efficient access to 8 key types of TCM data: prescriptions, materia medica, ingredients, targets, diseases (Western medicine), diseases (TCM), syndromes, and therapeutic methods. The human-in-the-loop data processing system achieved an accuracy of 95.34% in structuring TCM data and supported annotation for data requiring manual labeling. The intelligent agent-driven big-data analytics module enabled 1-click, end-to-end workflows for TCM prescription mining, herb-syndrome association analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular biology research, completing a full data mining task in approximately 30 minutes. Users can interact with and manipulate data through a visual front-end interface. The system demonstrated stable performance, strong scalability, and a user-friendly experience. Empowered by the YiYuan LLMs, the TCM Data Hub platform significantly improves the accessibility, usability, and intelligence of TCM data. It effectively bridges traditional TCM knowledge with modern intelligent technologies, providing robust data support and intelligent tools for TCM research and clinical applications.

Objective To explore the changes in neural activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and their corre-lation with executive function,and to analyze the neural mechanisms underlying the decline in executive function in T2DM patients.Methods Thirty-one T2DM patients(T2DM group)and thirty-two healthy controls(HC)(HC group)matched for body mass index(BMI)underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans and N-back task tests were included.Differ-ences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF),regional homogeneity(ReHo),and seed-based functional connectivity(FC)between the two groups were compared,and partial correlation analyses were performed between the difference results and N-back task performance.Results The T2DM group showed prolonged reaction time(RT)in the 1-back and 2-back tasks.T2DM patients exhibited increased ALFF in the bilateral caudate nucleus,left medial superior frontal gyrus,and right postcentral gyrus,as well as elevated ReHo in the right putamen.FC analysis revealed significant alterations in FC between the caudate nucleus,putamen,and multiple brain regions in T2DM patients,with some of these FC changes significantly correlated with RT and accuracy(ACC)in the N-back task.Conclusion The decline in executive function in T2DM patients may be associated with abnormal neural activity in brain regions such as the striatum,salience network,and frontoparietal control network.FC further decreases under increased cognitive load.These findings provide evidence for the study of the neural mechanisms of executive function impairment in T2DM patients.

Accessory cavitated uterine malformation(ACUM)is a rare unique congenital Müllerian duct malformation.Its main clinical manifestations are abdominal pain shortly after menarche and progressive aggravation,also may present as chronic periodic lower abdominal pain or abnormal uterine bleeding.Because it occurs rarely,it is easy to cause misdiagnosis or delay diagnosis.This paper reports the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of a young patient with ACUM,and reviews the literature to deepen the understanding of this rare genital tract malformation.

Objective:To analyze the surveillance results of brucellosis in Shanxi Province, to gain a understanding of the epidemic characteristics and changing trend of brucellosis in Shanxi Province, and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures for brucellosis.Methods:The surveillance data of brucellosis in Shanxi Province from Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the active surveillance results of 5 national brucellosis surveillance sites from 2018 to 2023 were collected for descriptive analysis.Results:From 2018 to 2023, a total of 24 041 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Shanxi Province, with the number of cases increased from 2 800 in 2018 to 5 131 in 2023. The annual reported incidence was 11.22/100 000, ranging from 7.56/100 000 to 14.74/100 000, showing an overall upward trend (χ 2trend = 1 377.43, P < 0.001). The epidemic had affected all counties (cities and districts) in the province, mainly concentrated in Linfen City, Jinzhong City, Datong City, and Shuozhou City, with a total of 13 489 cases of human brucellosis reported, accounting for 56.11%. The population distribution was mainly composed of individuals aged 40 - 69 (17 682 cases), males (18 513 cases), farmers (20 295 cases), and household and unemployed individuals (1 017 cases). The onset of the disease showed obvious seasonality, with the peak time from March to August, accounting for 66.39% (15 961/24 041). A total of 14 130 occupational individuals were investigated at the surveillance sites, and 11 141 underwent serological tests, with a positive rate of 5.25% (585/11 141), including 299 new cases. The positive rate of serological tests was relatively high in Qinyuan County, at 8.51% (241/2 832). Etiological culture was conducted on 338 human blood samples, and 43 strains of Brucella were isolated, with a detection rate of 12.72%. All strains were Brucella melitensis, including 42 strains of Brucella melitensis biovar 3. Conclusions:The overall trend of human brucellosis epidemic in Shanxi Province from 2018 to 2023 is on the rise, and it is still at a high level. It is suggested to continue strengthening monitoring, study the epidemic situation in a timely manner, take comprehensive prevention and control measures, and effectively control the spread of brucellosis.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective:To explore the application effect of BOPPPS (Bridge-in, Objectives, Pre-assessment, Participatory learning, Post-assessment, and Summary) combined with scenario simulation in cultivating the humanistic care ability of undergraduate nursing interns.Methods:Undergraduate nursing students who were interning at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected by convenience sampling. The 46 interns from June to December 2023 were set as the control group, and the 46 interns from June to December 2024 were set as the experimental group. The control group adopted the traditional lecture-based teaching method, while the experimental group adopted BOPPPS combined with scenario simulation. Theoretical and practical scores, humanistic care ability, empathy ability, and critical thinking ability of the two groups were compared.Results:After the intervention, the theoretical and practical scores, as well as humanistic care ability, empathy ability, and critical thinking ability scores of the experimental group were all higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:BOPPPS combined with scenario simulation plays a positive role in improving theoretical and practical scores, humanistic care ability, empathy ability, and critical thinking ability of undergraduate nursing interns, and it is worthy of further promotion and application.

ObjectiveTo explore the construction of a machine learning model for the diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes in chronic cough and the optimization of this model using the Voting ensemble algorithm. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data from 921 patients with chronic cough treated at the Respiratory Department of Dongfang Hospital， Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. After standardized processing， 84 clinical features were extracted to determine TCM syndrome types. A specialized dataset for TCM syndrome diagnosis in chronic cough was formed by selecting syndrome types with more than 50 cases. The synthetic minority over-sampling technique （SMOTE） was employed to balance the dataset. Four base models， logistic regression （LR）， decision tree （dt）， multilayer perceptron （MLP）， and Bagging， were constructed and integrated using a hard voting strategy to form a Voting ensemble model. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy， recall， precision， F1-score， receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， area under the curve （AUC）， and confusion matrix. ResultsAmong the 921 cases， six syndrome types had over 50 cases each， phlegm-heat obstructing the lung （294 cases）， wind pathogen latent in the lung （103 cases）， cold-phlegm obstructing the lung （102 cases）， damp-heat stagnating in the lung （64 cases）， lung yang deficiency （54 cases）， and phlegm-damp obstructing the lung （53 cases）， yielding a total of 670 cases in the specialized dataset. High-frequency symptoms among these patients included cough， expectoration， odor-induced cough， throat itchiness， itch-induced cough， and cough triggered by cold wind. Among the four base models， the MLP model showed the best diagnostic performance （test accuracy： 0.9104； AUC： 0.9828）. Compared with the base models， the Voting ensemble model achieved superior performance with an accuracy of 0.9289 on the training set and 0.9253 on the test set， showing a minimal overfitting gap of 0.0036. It also achieved the highest AUC （0.9836） in the test set， outperforming all base models. The model exhi-bited especially strong diagnostic performance for damp-heat stagnating in the lung （AUC： 0.9984） and wind pathogen latent in the lung （AUC： 0.9970）. ConclusionThe Voting ensemble algorithm effectively integrates the strengths of multiple machine learning models， resulting in an optimized diagnostic model for TCM syndromes in chronic cough with high accuracy and enhanced generalization ability.