Impairment in Fear Memory Fading is a major pathological mechanism of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Fear memory extinction refers to repeatedly presenting of a conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned (fear) stimulus, therefore eliminating the individual′s previously conditioned fear response. As a neuroprotective factor, 17β-estradiol is critical in regulating learning memory functions in hippocampal-mediated learning and memory functions. It influences the activity of neural circuits related to extinction learning, including the ventral medial prefrontal, amygdala, and hippocampus, thereby modulating the effectiveness of fear extinction learning. This paper aims to systematically explore the source characteristics, and key effects of 17β-estradiol in the extinction of fear memory in PTSD, providing a scientific basis for studying pathogenesis of PTSD and identifying new targets for prevention or intervention.

Impairment in Fear Memory Fading is a major pathological mechanism of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Fear memory extinction refers to repeatedly presenting of a conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned (fear) stimulus, therefore eliminating the individual′s previously conditioned fear response. As a neuroprotective factor, 17β-estradiol is critical in regulating learning memory functions in hippocampal-mediated learning and memory functions. It influences the activity of neural circuits related to extinction learning, including the ventral medial prefrontal, amygdala, and hippocampus, thereby modulating the effectiveness of fear extinction learning. This paper aims to systematically explore the source characteristics, and key effects of 17β-estradiol in the extinction of fear memory in PTSD, providing a scientific basis for studying pathogenesis of PTSD and identifying new targets for prevention or intervention.