Objective To establish a human luminal breast cancer stem cell(BCSC)model and investigate the inhibitory effects of astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)on BCSC growth.Methods MCF-7 breast cancer cells were cultured in stem cell-specific medium to induce BCSC formation.The BCSCs were then divided into a blank control group and an AS-Ⅳ treatment group,both groups were given PBS or AS-Ⅳ treatment.Morphological changes were observed after intervention.The therapeutic efficacy of AS-Ⅳ was evaluated using 3D spheroid formation and cell viability assays.Transcriptomic profiling and gene expression analysis were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Results Compared with the MCF7 breast cancer cells,MCF7 breast cancer stem cell mammospheres exhibited accelerated growth(P＜0.01)and significantly increased expression of the stemness marker ALDH1A1(P＜0.01).Further comparison with the blank control group revealed that astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ)treatment significantly inhibited MCF7 breast cancer stem cell proliferation(P＜0.001)and slowed mammosphere growth(P＜0.01).Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes(DEGs)induced by stem cell modeling and AS-Ⅳ intervention were enriched in the cellular senescence signaling pathway.AS-Ⅳ intervention substantially increased the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells(P＜0.01).RT-PCR analysis confirmed that AS-Ⅳsignificantly upregulated mRNA expression of IL-1α(P＜0.01),P21(P＜0.001),and P53(P＜0.05)in MCF7 breast cancer stem cells.Conclusion Astragaloside Ⅳ suppresses the growth of human luminal breast cancer stem cells by inducing cellular senescence.

Immune cell-mediated delivery system employs immune cells as carriers to deliver therapeutic drugs to specific lesion sites by leveraging the innate chemotaxis of these cells.Due to its excellent biocompatibility,low immunogenicity,tissue-specific homing,and ability to cross biological barriers,this approach has emerged as an important strategy for drug delivery and disease treatment.This article systematically discusses the drug delivery strategies of immune cells,the biological characteristics,advantages,and disadvantages of using monocytes,neutrophils,mesenchymal stem cells,and dendritic cells as carrier cells,as well as the latest research progresses on their application in tumor treatment.This review provides valuable insights for further studies on immune cell-mediated drug delivery systems and their clinical transformation.

Objective:To survey the status of radiological diagnostic equipment, protective equipment and articles, personnel allocation, and exposure frequencies in Linyi city, Shandong province, and to provide data support for rational allocation of radiological resources and radiological health management.Methods:In 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted of radiological diagnostic resources in 353 medical health institutions with radiological diagnostic equipment (excluding simple dental clinics, hereinafter referred to as radiological diagnostic institutions) in Linyi. The survey included the radiological diagnostic equipment (including 16 types of equipment in 7 categories), protective equipment and articles, the number of staff, and the exposure frequencies of X-ray diagnosis. The comparisons were conducted using rank sum test of number of peices of equipment and article and staff number in institutions at different levels in different regions.Results:In 2023, the 353 radiological diagnostic institutions in Linyi were all equipped with radiological diagnostic equipment, summing 1 180 pieces. The median value M ( P25, P75) of the number of peices of radiological diagnostic equipment possessed by each diagnostic institution was 2 (2, 3). The highest proportion of a single piece of equipment was 35.4% for digital radiography (RD) machine and 32.5% for computed tomography (CT) scanner, respectively, followed by image intensifier fluoroscopes 7.9% and flat-panel detector fluoroscopes 7.6%, while computed radiography(CR), 3 kinds of breast X-ray machines, 4 kinds of dental CT machines, and bone densitometers accounted for less than 4.0% each. A total of 223 items of protection equipment (radiation monitoring devices) were equipped, about of 47.0%. The radiological diagnostic institution was each equipped with protective articles. A total of 5 709 protective articles were provided, mainly including lead rubber neck covers, lead rubber hats, and lead rubber aprons (accounting for over 20% each). In 2023, there were a total of 2 677 staff engaged in radiological diagnosis in Linyi, with the majority being male (62.9%). The M ( P25, P75) of staff was 3 (2, 5), including 2 (1, 4) males and 1 (0, 2) females. There were level differences in radiological diagnostic equipment ( χ2=109.04, P<0.05), protective articles ( χ2=83.05, P<0.05), and the number of staff ( χ2=96.90, P<0.05), with tertiary institutions significantly higher than other levels. In 2023, there were 107.8 pieces of radiological diagnostic equipment per million population (38.2 DR units and 35.0 CT scanners per million population) and 244 radiological diagnostic staff per million population (154 males and 90 females per million population) in Linyi. The exposure frequencies of radiological diagnosis in Linyi were 543.7 examinations per thousand population, with CT diagnosis having the highest frequency (342.7 examinations per thousand population), followed by X-ray photography (157.8 examinations per thousand population) during the survey period. Conclusions:In 2023, all the radiological diagnostic institutions in Linyi are equipped with diagnostic equipment and protective articles. The number of CT, DR, breast DR units possessed by every millions of population are higher than the national and Shandong provincial average levels. The overall radiological diagnostic resources are generally good. However, the allocation of radiological diagnostic resources is unbalanced to a certain degree, which currently mainly focuses on the tertiary institutions. At the same time, the bone density meters and breast X-ray machines are insufficient, and further adjustments and optimizations are needed in the future.

Objective:To explore the impact of adolescent mental health status on smartphone addiction, and construct a predictive model for smartphone addiction based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost) algorithm and multivariate Logistic regression.Methods:In April 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 14 666 adolescents.All participants were systematically evaluated using a self-developed general information questionnaire, the middle school student mental health scale(MSSMHS), the adolescents self-harm scale(ASHS), the interaction anxiousness scale(IAS), the mobile phone addiction index(MPAI), the middle school students shame scale(MSSS), the UCLA loneliness scale(UCLA-LS), the multidimensional peer victimization scale(MPVS), and the basic psychological needs scale(BPNS).R software version 4.3.2 was used for data analysis. Participants were randomly divided into training set and validation set at the ratio of 7∶3.The XGBoost model and multivariate logistic regression model were constructed to predict the risk of smartphone addiction, and a nomogram was plotted.Model performance was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, area under the curve(AUC), and accuracy(ACC).Results:(1) A total of 14 036 high school students were included in the study, with 5 069(36.1%) exhibited smartphone addiction.The training set comprised 9 826 students, with 3 549(36.1%) being smartphone addicts.The validation set included 4 210 students, with 1 520(36.1%) being smartphone addicts.(2) The XGBoost model identified shame-proneness and social anxiety as the two main predictors of smartphone addiction.(3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety( B=0.328, OR(95% CI)=1.39(1.07-1.81), P=0.015), interpersonal sensitivity( B=0.311, OR(95% CI)=1.36(1.05-1.77), P=0.018), learning pressure( B=0.606, OR(95% CI)=1.83(1.46-2.31), P<0.001), mood swings( B=0.775, OR(95% CI)=2.17(1.70-2.78), P<0.001), social anxiety( B=0.024, OR(95% CI)=1.02(1.01-1.04), P<0.001), shame-proneness( B=0.049, OR(95% CI)=1.05(1.04-1.06), P<0.001), and peer victimization( B=0.037, OR(95% CI)=1.04(1.02-1.06), P<0.001) were significant predictors of smartphone addiction.(4) The ACC and AUC values of the XGBoost model were 0.890 and 0.929 in the training set, and 0.865 and 0.864 in the validation set, respectively.The multivariate Logistic regression model achieved ACC and AUC values of 0.870 and 0.854 in the training set, and 0.867 and 0.859 in the validation set, respectively. Conclusion:Anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, learning pressure, mood swings, social anxiety, shame-proneness, and peer victimization are identified risk predictors of smartphone addiction in high school adolescents.

Objective:To explore the impact of adolescent mental health status on smartphone addiction, and construct a predictive model for smartphone addiction based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost) algorithm and multivariate Logistic regression.Methods:In April 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 14 666 adolescents.All participants were systematically evaluated using a self-developed general information questionnaire, the middle school student mental health scale(MSSMHS), the adolescents self-harm scale(ASHS), the interaction anxiousness scale(IAS), the mobile phone addiction index(MPAI), the middle school students shame scale(MSSS), the UCLA loneliness scale(UCLA-LS), the multidimensional peer victimization scale(MPVS), and the basic psychological needs scale(BPNS).R software version 4.3.2 was used for data analysis. Participants were randomly divided into training set and validation set at the ratio of 7∶3.The XGBoost model and multivariate logistic regression model were constructed to predict the risk of smartphone addiction, and a nomogram was plotted.Model performance was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, area under the curve(AUC), and accuracy(ACC).Results:(1) A total of 14 036 high school students were included in the study, with 5 069(36.1%) exhibited smartphone addiction.The training set comprised 9 826 students, with 3 549(36.1%) being smartphone addicts.The validation set included 4 210 students, with 1 520(36.1%) being smartphone addicts.(2) The XGBoost model identified shame-proneness and social anxiety as the two main predictors of smartphone addiction.(3) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety( B=0.328, OR(95% CI)=1.39(1.07-1.81), P=0.015), interpersonal sensitivity( B=0.311, OR(95% CI)=1.36(1.05-1.77), P=0.018), learning pressure( B=0.606, OR(95% CI)=1.83(1.46-2.31), P<0.001), mood swings( B=0.775, OR(95% CI)=2.17(1.70-2.78), P<0.001), social anxiety( B=0.024, OR(95% CI)=1.02(1.01-1.04), P<0.001), shame-proneness( B=0.049, OR(95% CI)=1.05(1.04-1.06), P<0.001), and peer victimization( B=0.037, OR(95% CI)=1.04(1.02-1.06), P<0.001) were significant predictors of smartphone addiction.(4) The ACC and AUC values of the XGBoost model were 0.890 and 0.929 in the training set, and 0.865 and 0.864 in the validation set, respectively.The multivariate Logistic regression model achieved ACC and AUC values of 0.870 and 0.854 in the training set, and 0.867 and 0.859 in the validation set, respectively. Conclusion:Anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, learning pressure, mood swings, social anxiety, shame-proneness, and peer victimization are identified risk predictors of smartphone addiction in high school adolescents.

Objective:To survey the status of radiological diagnostic equipment, protective equipment and articles, personnel allocation, and exposure frequencies in Linyi city, Shandong province, and to provide data support for rational allocation of radiological resources and radiological health management.Methods:In 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted of radiological diagnostic resources in 353 medical health institutions with radiological diagnostic equipment (excluding simple dental clinics, hereinafter referred to as radiological diagnostic institutions) in Linyi. The survey included the radiological diagnostic equipment (including 16 types of equipment in 7 categories), protective equipment and articles, the number of staff, and the exposure frequencies of X-ray diagnosis. The comparisons were conducted using rank sum test of number of peices of equipment and article and staff number in institutions at different levels in different regions.Results:In 2023, the 353 radiological diagnostic institutions in Linyi were all equipped with radiological diagnostic equipment, summing 1 180 pieces. The median value M ( P25, P75) of the number of peices of radiological diagnostic equipment possessed by each diagnostic institution was 2 (2, 3). The highest proportion of a single piece of equipment was 35.4% for digital radiography (RD) machine and 32.5% for computed tomography (CT) scanner, respectively, followed by image intensifier fluoroscopes 7.9% and flat-panel detector fluoroscopes 7.6%, while computed radiography(CR), 3 kinds of breast X-ray machines, 4 kinds of dental CT machines, and bone densitometers accounted for less than 4.0% each. A total of 223 items of protection equipment (radiation monitoring devices) were equipped, about of 47.0%. The radiological diagnostic institution was each equipped with protective articles. A total of 5 709 protective articles were provided, mainly including lead rubber neck covers, lead rubber hats, and lead rubber aprons (accounting for over 20% each). In 2023, there were a total of 2 677 staff engaged in radiological diagnosis in Linyi, with the majority being male (62.9%). The M ( P25, P75) of staff was 3 (2, 5), including 2 (1, 4) males and 1 (0, 2) females. There were level differences in radiological diagnostic equipment ( χ2=109.04, P<0.05), protective articles ( χ2=83.05, P<0.05), and the number of staff ( χ2=96.90, P<0.05), with tertiary institutions significantly higher than other levels. In 2023, there were 107.8 pieces of radiological diagnostic equipment per million population (38.2 DR units and 35.0 CT scanners per million population) and 244 radiological diagnostic staff per million population (154 males and 90 females per million population) in Linyi. The exposure frequencies of radiological diagnosis in Linyi were 543.7 examinations per thousand population, with CT diagnosis having the highest frequency (342.7 examinations per thousand population), followed by X-ray photography (157.8 examinations per thousand population) during the survey period. Conclusions:In 2023, all the radiological diagnostic institutions in Linyi are equipped with diagnostic equipment and protective articles. The number of CT, DR, breast DR units possessed by every millions of population are higher than the national and Shandong provincial average levels. The overall radiological diagnostic resources are generally good. However, the allocation of radiological diagnostic resources is unbalanced to a certain degree, which currently mainly focuses on the tertiary institutions. At the same time, the bone density meters and breast X-ray machines are insufficient, and further adjustments and optimizations are needed in the future.

Objective:To explore the association between cognitive function and the level of gamma-amino-butyric acid(GABA)in anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)before and after treatment in patients with major depres-sion disorder.Methods:Totally 31 medication-naive patients with major depression disorder meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)and 33 normal controls were col-lected.Each eligible patient received treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agents for 8 weeks.The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB)was used to evaluate the cognitive function.By means of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy,anterior cingulate cortex GABA concentrations were measured.Results:At base-line,the concentration of ACC GABA relative to water(GABA+/W)was lower in the patient group than in the control group(P＜0.05)and increased after treatment(P＜0.05).ACC GABA+/W was negatively associated with verbal learning and visual memory score in patient group at baseline(correlation coefficient and P value were r=-0.40,P＜0.05;r=-0.42,P＜0.05,respectively).The ACC GABA+/W difference resulted of treatment in patient group was positively associated with the difference of working memory score and the difference of reasoning and problem-solving score(correlation coefficient and P value were r=0.58,P＜0.05;r=0.66,P＜0.05,respec-tively).Conclusion:The cognitive dysfunction of patients with major depression disorder may not be related to the degree of depression and anxiety.And improvement of cognitive function may be associated with increase of ACC GABA concentrations.

Objective To investigate the effects of syncytial formation induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)spike protein(SARS-2-S)on the proliferation and migration of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and mouse melanoma B16 cells in vitro.Methods Plasmids expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(hACE2)and SARS-2-S were constructed and respectively co-transfected with lentiviral packaging plasmids into HEK-293FT cells before the lentiviral supernatant was collected and infected with A549 cells which were screened by puromycin to obtain the A549 cells respectively that were stably transfected with hACE2(A549-A)and SARS-2-S(A549-S).The protein expression of A549-A and A549-S cells was verified by Western blotting.A549-A and A549-S cells were co-cultured before their syncytia were observed by fluorescence microscopy.Conditioned media(syncytial supernatant and non-syncytial supernatant)was collected to culture A549 cells,ovalbumin(OVA)-gene-modified B16 cells(B16-OVA),and B16-F10 cells in vitro.The CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to assess the proliferation capacity of tumor cells,while the wound healing assay was employed to evaluate the migration capacity of tumor cells.Results Stable A549 cell lines expressing hACE2 and SARS-2-S were constructed.The SARS-2-S-induced syncytial formation system was established after co-culture of A549-A and A549-S cells.Both syncytial and non-syncytial supernatants significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of A549,B16-OVA,and B16-F10 cells in vitro,especially the syncytial supernatant.Conclusion SARS-2-S-induced syncytial formation promotes the proliferation and migration properties of A549 and B16 cells in vitro.

Objective To determine the effects of hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) expression on postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma. Methods 95 cases with esophageal carcinoms who received radical operation were analyzed with followed-up data from 1995 to 1998.Expression of HIF-1α in 45 patients with esophageal carcinoma who received radiotherapy after radical operation were deternlined by immunohistochemical method in contrast with 50 patients with esophageal carcinoma received surgery alone.Kaplan-Meier method and COX proportional hazard model were used to analyze.Results The positive expression of HIF-1α in esophageal carcinoma was observed mainly in the nucleus of tumor cells.The positive expression rate of HIF-1α in esophageal carcinoma was 58.9%.The expression of HIF-1α had no relationship with age,sex,histologic subtype and T stage,but had positive relationship with recurrence and distant metastasis.There was significant difference between patients with positive and negative HIF-1α protein expression in surgery alone and postoperation radiotherapy group. COX model analysis showed that HIF-1α had separate and significant impacts on prognosis in surgery group and surgery plus radiotherapy group. Conclusion Over expression of HIF-1α protein suggests a poor prognosis,and has tendency to resist radiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To retrospectively study pathological characteristics of 1561 patients with colorectal cancer in Nanchang area.Methods Analysis was made regarding the results of colonoscopy and pathological examination in patients from 1990 to 2004.Results Totally 21 853 patients received colonoscopy during the period,and 1561 patients were diagnosed as colorectal cancer.The overall diag- nostic yield was 7.1%.The average age diagnosed was 52 years old.Ratio of male to female was 1.4: 1.The lesion located in rectum accounted for 43.4%.The percentage of cancer in left colon was higher than that in right side (30.5% vs 26.1%,P＜0.05).The proportion (57.5%) of patients with rectal can-cer under 30 years old was the highest in all patients with rectal cancer.Cancer located in sigmoid colon and left side of the colon increased with age.Well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed in 83.6% of the patients.Comparing the clinical characteristics of every five years,increasing diagnostic yield was noted from 1990 to 1999,hut the decreased trend was found in last five years.The propor- tions of rectal cancer was also increased in the last fifteen years,and overall proportions of cancer located in left side of colon was decreased.Conclusions The overall diagnostic yield of colorectal cancer in Nanchang area was lower than other province,especially rectal cancer.The proportion of cancer of left side of colon was increased with age.The well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was found increasing in the last fifteen years, while the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was decreased.