OBJECTIVE To evaluate the palatability and chewability of chewable tablets， and provide reference for the quality evaluation of various types of chewable tablets. METHODS Using self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets as the model drug， the quality test was conducted. The in vitro simulation system for chewable tablets was established by using a texture analyzer and rheometer， and an oral simulation experiment was conducted on chewable tablets. The texture analyzer was used to measure the force required for chewing and simulate the static disintegration process of chewable tablets； the rheometer was adopted to measure the viscoelasticity， thixotropy， and deformability of chewable tablets during the chewing process. RESULTS The disintegration time limit， principal component content， and dissolution of self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets all met the limit requirements. The in vitro simulation results of the texture analyzer showed that self-made chewable tablets were easy to chew in both axial and radial directions， and the force required for chewing was within the range of the chewing force of the teeth； chewable tablets could disintegrate at an appropriate time without being chewed and only taken in the oral cavity. The in vitro simulation results of the rheometer showed that the chewable tablets in the oral cavity exhibited a behavior of elasticity as the main factor and viscosity as the secondary factor through the continuous stirring of the tongue， and the viscosity of the chewable tablets gradually decreased with tongue stirring or tooth chewing； when chewing with teeth， the internal force of the chewing tablets decreased， causing plastic deformation and crushing. After being crushed， the shape couldn’t be restored， making it easy to chew and swallow. CONCLUSIONS The combination of texture analyzer and rheometer can be used to simulate the oral chewing process and evaluate the palatability and chewability of self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets. This model can provide reference for the evaluation of various chewable tablets.

Single-cell sequencing is a new technology for high-throughput sequencing analysis of the genome, transcriptome, and epigenome at the single-cell level. Currently, single-cell sequencing technology has been widely used in bladder cancer research, opening up new ways to understand the biology of subtle bladder tumors by identifying different cell subpopulations, immune microenvironment, and single-cell technology is expected to make important changes in bladder diagnosis and treatment by identifying new biomarkers and using targeted therapies. This paper discussed the application of single-cell sequencing in bladder cancer research and clinical practice by summarizing recent advances in heterogeneous cell subpopulations, developmental patterns, and immune microenvironment and drug resistance in bladder cancer.

Objective:To analyze and compare the association between different obesity-related indices and vitamin D deficiency in middle-aged and elderly population dwelled in Lanzhou city.Methods:From May, 2011 to September, 2012, middle-aged and elderly individuals with complete baseline data were included via randomly cluster sampling from 3 communities in Lanzhou. The subjects were divided into 4 subgroups by vitamin D levels and various obesity-related indices were compared across subgroups with the same gender. The relationship between the obesity-related indices and the severity of vitamin D deficiency was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis, and the effects of different obesity-related indices on the severity of vitamin D deficiency was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 9 437 residents were included. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 97.7%. Compared with the group with lower vitamin D level, participants in the group with higher vitamin D level showed evidently lower body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio in the total population and females, while only WC, LAP, VAI and TG/HDL-C in the males (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that BMI, WC, LAP, VAI and TG/HDL-C were positively correlated with the severity of vitamin D deficiency in the total population and the females, while only LAP, VAI and TG/HDL-C in the males (all P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of these obesity related indices were correlated with more severe vitamin D deficiency in the total population and the females, while only higher LAP, VAI and TG/HDL-C in the males (all P<0.05). The effects of higher LAP was the most prominant in the total population ,the females and the males. Conclusion:Various obesity phenotypes are closely related to vitamin D deficiency in middle-aged and elderly women, while only visceral obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism are related to vitamin D deficiency in middle-aged and elderly men, with LAP being the most important influencing factor.

Objective:To explore the changes of immune microenvironment and prognosis of bladder cancer patients with positive urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22).Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 86 patients who were diagnosed with bladder cancer in Xuzhou Central Hospital from January 2019 to September 2020. All patients were tested for urinary NMP22 by colloidal gold method. The patients with positive test results were NMP22 positive group, and the patients with negative test results were NMP22 negative group. The expression of CD8, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and PanCK were detected by multiple fluorescent immunohistochemical method on the pathological tissue sections of all enrolled patients with bladder cancer after surgery. Follow-up data of enrolled patients were collected after discharge, and univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was performed on the follow-up data.Results:There were 69 patients in the NMP22 positive group and 17 patients in the NMP22 negative group. The percentage of CD8 and PD-L1 positive cells in NMP22 positive group was significantly higher than that in NMP22 negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that tumor stage was correlated with bladder cancer progression ( HR=2.67, P=0.017). Multivariate analysis showed that positive NMP22 was significantly correlated with bladder cancer recurrence and disease progression (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The density of CD8 + T cells and PD-L1 in tumor parenchyma of urinary NMP22 positive bladder cancer patients was higher than that of NMP22 negative patients. Urinary NMP22 positive can be one of the bad prognostic factors of bladder cancer, and the patients with NMP22 positive should strengthen reexamination.

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of prostatic exosomal protein (PSEP) detection kit in the diagnosis of histological prostatitis (HP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to explore the correlation between PSEP and other clinical parameters. 【Methods】 A total of 104 patients with BPH or BPH plus HP treated during Nov.2021 and Nov.2022 were involved. The patients were instructed to fill out the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) scale independently before surgery. Clinical data such as prostate volume, residual urine volume, free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), and fPSA/tPSA were collected. Preoperative midstream morning urine was collected for PSEP detection. 【Results】 The sensitivity and specificity of PSEP in the diagnosis of BPH were 93.51% and 70.37%, respectively, which were highly consistent with the postoperative pathological diagnosis results (Kappa=0.663). Serum PSEP level was positively correlated with tPSA level (r=0.242, P=0.040). 【Conclusion】 PSEP has a high clinical diagnostic value in the diagnosis of HP, which can provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis of HP in BPH patients and improve the diagnosis rate.

Objective:To explore the effect of narrative nursing on the psychological resilience, self-esteem, and medication compliance of adolescent depression patients.Methods:This study is a quasi-experimental study. From August 2021 to January 2022, 86 adolescent depression patients admitted to the Department of Mental Health at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected as the subject by convenience sampling. According to the order of admission time, the patients were divided into a control group and an intervention group, with 43 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing, while the intervention group received narrative nursing on the basis of routine nursing. We compared the scores of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) before and after intervention between two groups of patients.Results:Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in SDS, HAMD, SES, CD-RISC, and MMAS-8 scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). After intervention, the total scores of SDS and HAMD in the intervention group were lower than those before intervention and in the control group, and the toughness, optimism, self-improvement scores and the CD-RISC total score, SES scores and MMAS-8 scores were higher than those before intervention and in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Narrative nursing can improve the depressive mood of adolescent depression patients, enhance their psychological resilience, self-esteem, and medication compliance, and can be promoted and applied in clinical practice.

The lung is an important organ in systemic toxicity test of medical devices and is significant in safety evaluation. Based on the authors' understanding of medical devices, this study provides a brief analysis of the lung examination and common problems in systemic toxicity, so as to provide references for the pre-clinical safety evaluation of medical devices. It should be noted that a reasonable risk assessment should be made after comprehensive assessment for specific medical device products.
Equipment Safety ; Humans ; Lung ; Risk Assessment

OBJECTIVE: To study the safety of alginate based gastric mucosal protective adhesive and its feasibility as a submucosal injection. METHODS: The feasibility of using alginate-based gastric mucosal protective gel as submucosal injection was evaluated by RESULTS: After injection of different concentrations of alginate base mucosal protective adhesive solution, the uplift height was significantly higher than that of normal saline ( CONCLUSIONS Gastric mucosa protector is a promising new medical device product with feasibility and good biocompatibility as submucosal uplift injection agent.
Adhesives ; Alginates ; Animals ; Feasibility Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Injections ; Rats ; Swine

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of different glucose metabolism statues with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals in Lanzhou. METHODS: Based on the baseline data of REACTION Study in Lanzhou area, we randomly sampled 10 038 residents aged 40-75 years in 3 communities in Lanzhou, who were classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and diabetes groups. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were used to assess the renal function and albuminuria, respectively. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the contribution of the risk factors to CKD. Polynominal regression was used to determine the trends of eGFR with the increment of ACR. RESULTS: Among all the participants, the prevalences of albuminuria, CKD and renal insufficiency (RI) were 26.2%, 27.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The prevalence of albuminuria, CKD and RI were significantly higher in the diabetes group than in IGR and NGT groups ( CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for albuminuria and RI, while IGR is not. Screening for albuminuria and eGFR is highly recommended for individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, especially in women and the elderly population.
Adult ; Aged ; Albuminuria/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology* ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors

Objective:To investigate the effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on targeted therapy of prostate cancer and its effect on tumor microenvironment. Methods:125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA ( 125I-virus complex) oncolytic adenovirus was constructed by PCR amplification and double restriction enzyme ligation. TUNEL staining, flow cytometry and Caspase-3 immunoblotting assay were used to detect the killing effect of 125I-RSOAds-hTERT/PSA oncolytic adenovirus on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. To explore the effect of 125I-virus complex on tumor tissue cytokine secretion levels, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the culture supernatant of human prostate cancer cell line PC3, mouse prostate adenocarcinoma cell line RM-1, and mice serum were detected by ELISA. We explored the regulation of 125I-virus complex on the expression of CD24, CD44 and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) in prostate tumor tissues and tumor cells through immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CD32 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as CD4+ , CD8+ and macrophage infiltration in tumor tissue were detected through immunofluorescence experiments. Results:125I-virus complex oncolytic adenovirus significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo that was significantly higher than that of 125I group and virus complex group. Meanwhile, IL-2 ( t=-183.30, -38.20, P<0.05), IL-10 ( t=113.80, 92.71, P<0.05), TNF-α ( t=-73.20, -73.91, P<0.05), IFN-γ ( t=-65.37, -139.70, P<0.05) increased in vitro and in vivo. 125I-virus complex reduced the expression of CD24, CD44 and PSCA in tumor cells and tumor tissue, reduced the weight of tumor tissue, inhibited angiogenesis of tumor tissue ( t=8.55, P<0.05), and regulated the immune response in tumor tissue. Conclusions:125I-virus complex targeting prostate cancer can significantly kill cancer cells, reduce the weight and angiogenesis of tumor, and improve tumor microenvironment.