Objective:To observe the effect of hyperthermia combined with iron overload on the regulation of tumor-associated macrophage polarization and the migration ability of CAL-27 cells and explore its mechanism.Methods:Human monocytic leukemia cell THP-1 was induced and polarized into M2 macrophages. M2 tumor-associated macrophages and CAL-27 cells were divided into the control group (no intervention), hyperthermia group (incubated at 42 ℃ for 1 h, and then incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 h), ferric citrate group (added with 2.5 mg/ml ferric citrate, and cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃for 24 h) and hyperthermia + ferric citrate group (added with 2.5 mg/ml ferric citrate for 1 h, cultured in an incubator at 42℃ for 1 h, and then incubated at 37℃ for 24 h). For M2 macrophage groups, the mRNA relative expression levels of surface markers of M1 macrophage polarization including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and those of M2 macrophage polarization including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of CD86 (surface marker of M1 macrophage polarization) and CD206 (surface marker of M2 macrophage polarization) were measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB were detected by Western blot (WB). The migration ability of CAL-27 cells was assessed by scratch assay.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression levels of IL-1βand TNF-α mRNA, and IL-1βand CD86 proteins were up-regulated, whereas those of IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA, and IL-10 and CD206 proteins were down-regulated in the hyperthermia, ferric citrate and hyperthermia + ferric citrate groups, respectively (all P<0.05). In addition, the changes in the hyperthermia+ferric citrate group were significantly larger than those in the hyperthermia and ferric citrate groups (all P<0.05). WB showed that the expression level of STAT3 protein was down-regulated and those of TLR4, NF-κB and p-NF-κB expression were up-regulated in the hyperthermia + ferric citrate group (all P<0.05). Scratch assay showed that the migration ability of CAL-27 cells was inhibited in the hyperthermia, ferric citrate and hyperthermia + ferric citrate groups ( P<0.001), and the changes in the hyperthermia + ferric citrate group were significantly more pronounced than those in the hyperthermia and ferric citrate groups (both P<0.001). Conclusions:Hyperthermia and iron overload can promote the polarization of M1 macrophages and inhibit the polarization of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages, thereby suppressing the migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of STAT3 and activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of risk perception related to additional injury during motor rehabilitation in stroke patients with hemiplegia, and to provide a foundation for the development of assessment tools and prevention strategies.Methods:A purposive sampling strategy combined with maximum variation sampling was employed to select 15 stroke patients with hemiplegia who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and Department of Rehabilitation at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between January and April 2024. Face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed and thematically extracted using Colaizzi seven-step method.Results:Each interview lasted between 25 and 47 minutes, totaling 547 minutes of interview time and approximately 92 000 words of transcription. A total of 3 major themes were identified: characteristics of risk perception regarding additional injury during motor rehabilitation, multidimensional influencing factors of risk perception, and perceived severity of additional injury.Conclusions:Stroke patients with hemiplegia exhibit diverse and dynamic risk perception characteristics regarding additional injury during motor rehabilitation, which are influenced by multiple interrelated factors. A generally low and inaccurate level of risk perception was observed. Medical staff should pay greater attention to improving the accuracy of patients' risk perception, enhancing risk assessment mechanisms, and developing targeted prevention strategies to help patients avoid additional injuries and maximize the benefits of motor rehabilitation.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of risk perception related to additional injury during motor rehabilitation in stroke patients with hemiplegia, and to provide a foundation for the development of assessment tools and prevention strategies.Methods:A purposive sampling strategy combined with maximum variation sampling was employed to select 15 stroke patients with hemiplegia who were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and Department of Rehabilitation at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital between January and April 2024. Face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed and thematically extracted using Colaizzi seven-step method.Results:Each interview lasted between 25 and 47 minutes, totaling 547 minutes of interview time and approximately 92 000 words of transcription. A total of 3 major themes were identified: characteristics of risk perception regarding additional injury during motor rehabilitation, multidimensional influencing factors of risk perception, and perceived severity of additional injury.Conclusions:Stroke patients with hemiplegia exhibit diverse and dynamic risk perception characteristics regarding additional injury during motor rehabilitation, which are influenced by multiple interrelated factors. A generally low and inaccurate level of risk perception was observed. Medical staff should pay greater attention to improving the accuracy of patients' risk perception, enhancing risk assessment mechanisms, and developing targeted prevention strategies to help patients avoid additional injuries and maximize the benefits of motor rehabilitation.

Objective:To observe the effect of hyperthermia combined with iron overload on the regulation of tumor-associated macrophage polarization and the migration ability of CAL-27 cells and explore its mechanism.Methods:Human monocytic leukemia cell THP-1 was induced and polarized into M2 macrophages. M2 tumor-associated macrophages and CAL-27 cells were divided into the control group (no intervention), hyperthermia group (incubated at 42 ℃ for 1 h, and then incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 h), ferric citrate group (added with 2.5 mg/ml ferric citrate, and cultured in an incubator at 37 ℃for 24 h) and hyperthermia + ferric citrate group (added with 2.5 mg/ml ferric citrate for 1 h, cultured in an incubator at 42℃ for 1 h, and then incubated at 37℃ for 24 h). For M2 macrophage groups, the mRNA relative expression levels of surface markers of M1 macrophage polarization including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and those of M2 macrophage polarization including IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of CD86 (surface marker of M1 macrophage polarization) and CD206 (surface marker of M2 macrophage polarization) were measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB were detected by Western blot (WB). The migration ability of CAL-27 cells was assessed by scratch assay.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression levels of IL-1βand TNF-α mRNA, and IL-1βand CD86 proteins were up-regulated, whereas those of IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA, and IL-10 and CD206 proteins were down-regulated in the hyperthermia, ferric citrate and hyperthermia + ferric citrate groups, respectively (all P<0.05). In addition, the changes in the hyperthermia+ferric citrate group were significantly larger than those in the hyperthermia and ferric citrate groups (all P<0.05). WB showed that the expression level of STAT3 protein was down-regulated and those of TLR4, NF-κB and p-NF-κB expression were up-regulated in the hyperthermia + ferric citrate group (all P<0.05). Scratch assay showed that the migration ability of CAL-27 cells was inhibited in the hyperthermia, ferric citrate and hyperthermia + ferric citrate groups ( P<0.001), and the changes in the hyperthermia + ferric citrate group were significantly more pronounced than those in the hyperthermia and ferric citrate groups (both P<0.001). Conclusions:Hyperthermia and iron overload can promote the polarization of M1 macrophages and inhibit the polarization of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages, thereby suppressing the migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression of STAT3 and activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced rapidly and has been widely applied in various fields such as medicine and pharmacy, accelerating the drug development process. Focusing on the application of AI in the discovery and optimization of lead compounds, this review provides a detailed introduction to AI-assisted virtual screening and molecular generation methods for discovering lead compounds, while particularly highlighting the cases of AI-drived drugs into clinical trials. Additionally, we briefly outline the application of AI basic algorithm models in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and drug repurposing, offering insights for AI-based drug discovery.

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

Objective:To investigate the regulation and possible mechanism of hyperthermia (HT) on the ferroptosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue cell line CAL-27.Methods:Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of Fer-1, an inhibitor of ferroptosis, was detected by CCK-8 assay and used for subsequent experiments. CAL-27 cells were divided into the HT, control, Fer-1 and HT+ Fer-1 groups according to experimental design. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and iron ion concentration were determined by corresponding detection kits. The p53 and TfR1 mRNA levels were detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Cell migration was detected by cell scratch test and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results:HT significantly up-regulated the ROS levels ( P<0.01) and iron ion concentration ( P<0.001), and significantly increased the expression levels of p53 and TfR1 mRNA (both P<0.01). The cell migration ability was decreased ( P<0.001), whereas cell apoptosis rate was increased by HT ( P<0.01). In the HT+Fer-1 group, the ROS levels ( P<0.001), iron ion concentration ( P<0.001), expression levels of p53 and TfR1 mRNA (both P<0.01) were significantly down-regulated, the cell migration ability was recovered ( P<0.01), and cell apoptosis rate was decreased ( P<0.01) compared with those in the HT group, respectively. Conclusions:HT may induce the ferroptosis of CAL-27 cell line, inhibit cell migration ability and promote cell apoptosis by activating the p53/TfR1 pathway.

Objective To construct a quantitative evaluation system for professional competency of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management professionals,and provide scientific basis for the training of professionals through scientific evaluation.Methods Literature and experience summary were adopted to construct evaluation key points.Evaluation key points were selected through expert consultation method,and the weight coefficient of evaluation key points was calculated.The hierarchical evaluation content options for each evaluation key point were designed and assigned score values by expert group.The product of the score of each evaluation key point and its weight was the score for this point,and the total score of the evaluated person was calculated based on the total score of all evaluation points.Results The evaluation system included 25 evaluation key points in 9 dimensions,in-cluding"basic conditions""recognition competency in HAI""monitoring competency in HAI""prevention and con-trol technology application competency in HAI""emergency response competency""organization and coordination competency""quality improvement competency""education and training competency"and"professional scientific re-search competency in HAI prevention and control".Each evaluation key point contained three hierarchical quantita-tive score contents.The internal consistency reliability of the expert's questionnaire consultation Cronbach's a coef-ficient was 0.873,the total scale-level content validity index(S-CVI)was 0.868,and the item-level content validity index(I-CVI)ranged 0.71-1.Conclusion The quantitative evaluation system constructed in this study meets the requirements for reliability and validity.It is scientifically feasible for evaluating the professional competency of HAI management professionals.It can effectively identify weakness in their competency,determine training directions and priorities,and provide a scientific basis for talent development and team building for HAI management profe-ssionals in medical institutions,and promotes high-quality development within hospitals.

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism*

Objective: We aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic AF in elder community population (≥65 years old) to analyze the detection rate of different screening methods. Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study. The elder (≥65 years old) residents who voluntarily participated in free physical examination in Dalian community were selected. The participants were randomly divided into screening group (including intensive screening group and single screening group) and control group. The control group received interrogation, medical history collection and routine 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) examination. Screening group received an additional single-lead ambulatory ECG equipment worn for 5-7 days. Intensive screening group received two equal-length wearings in 2020 and 2021 respectively, while one screening group only wore once in 2020. Results: Finally 3 340 residents ((70.7±5.0) years old) which consisted of 1 488 males (44.55%) were enrolled. There were 1 945 residents in screening group, including 859 in intensive screening group and 1 086 in one-time screening group. The control group included 1 395 people. Detection rate of asymptomatic AF was significantly higher in screening group than control group (79(4.06%) vs. 24(1.72%), P<0.001). Higher detection rate was found in screening group than control group in AF risk factors (1 or 2-3) subgroups and CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (2-3 or≥4) subgroups (P<0.05). Additionally, no difference was found between intensive screening group and single screening group (42(4.89%) vs. 37(3.41%), P=0.100). Intensive screening increased detection rate (7(6.93%) vs. 1(0.58%), P=0.009) only in residents those with low thrombosis risk (CHA₂DS₂-VaSc<2). Conclusions: Screening in elderly (≥65 years old) can significantly improve the detection rate of asymptomatic AF by wearing single lead dynamic ECG device. The rate increased significantly with the increase of risk factors associated with AF by single screening. In addition, repeat screening of the same method may only improve detection rates in the group with low risk thrombotic scores and non-combination of AF risk factors.Screening methods that are appropriate for different populations may require further exploration.
Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology* ; Prospective Studies ; Electrocardiography ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Risk Assessment ; Mass Screening/methods*