Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide insights into precision control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods The integrated measures for schistosomiasis control implemented by health, agriculture, water resources, and forestry departments of Wuhan City, and the epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Wuhan City were collected from 2005 to 2023, and the prevalence of human schistosomiasis, prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and bovines, areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats, areas of snail habitats in inner embankments, and actual areas of snail habitats were retrieved. In addition, the trends in prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status were evaluated in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 using Mann-Kendall test and a Joinpoint regression model. Results Mann-Kendall test revealed a tendency towards a decline in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis (Z = -4.41, P < 0.01), prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans (Z = -4.89, P < 0.01) and bovines (Z = -4.50, P < 0.01), areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats (Z = -3.91, P < 0.01), areas of snail habitats in inner embankments (Z = -2.28, P = 0.02), and actual areas of snail habitats (Z = -5.95, P < 0.01) in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023. Joinpoint regression analysis showed an average annual reduction of 8.58% in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = -8.58%, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-10.02%, -6.65%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2016 [annual percent change (APC) = -34.41%, 95% CI: (-40.36%, -20.01%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum human infections appeared an average annual reduction of 51.91% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -51.91%, 95% CI: (-58.12%, -44.25%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2014 and 2017, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.17%, 95% CI: (-99.17%, -90.87%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum infections in bovines appeared an average annual reduction of 53.12% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -53.12%, 95% CI: (-59.65%, -42.44%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.63%, 95% CI: (-99.44%, -90.93%), P < 0.01]. The areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 47.09% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -47.09%, 95% CI: (-52.92%, -38.26%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2011 through 2014 [APC = -97.27%, 95% CI: (-98.65%, -88.06%), P < 0.01]. The areas of snail habitats in inner embankments appeared an average annual reduction of 4.45% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -4.45%, 95% CI: (-5.18%, -3.82%), P < 0.01], with three joinpoints in 2011, 2015 and 2018, respectively, and statistical significance was seen in the tendency towards a decline during the period from 2005 through 2011 [APC = -16.38%, 95% CI: (-20.15%, -14.25%), P < 0.01]. In addition, the actual areas of snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 2.65% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -2.65%, 95% CI: (-2.89%, -2.40%), P < 0.01], with a joinpoint in 2013, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2023 [APC = -4.06%, 95% CI: (-4.66%, -3.58%), P < 0.01]. Conclusions The integrated schistosomiasis control programme achieved significant effectiveness in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, with a tendency towards a decline in morbidity due to schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status. The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on management of the source of S. japonicum infections should continue to be implemented to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in the city.

Objective: To explore the iodine nutrition status of children in Wuhan from 2019 to 2023, and to evaluate the effect of iodine deficiency disorders control in focus groups in Wuhan, so as to provide a basis for consolidating elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods: A total of 13 000 non boarding primary school students aged 8-10 were selected from 13 districts of Wuhan by stratified random sampling method.Household salt samples were collected to measure salt iodine content, random urine samples were analyzed for urinary iodine concentration. And B ultrasound was used to measure thyroid volume in students. The median of salt iodine, coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, median of urinary iodine, and the goiter rate were calculated. And Mann-Whitney U- test, Kruskal-Wallis H- test and Chi-square test were applied to compare between groups. Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the changing trends of coverage rate of iodized salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and goiter rate among children in Wuhan. Results: The median of iodine content of children s household salt was 23.8 (21.7, 26.1) mg/kg, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.7%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.5 %. The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt showed an overall upward trend from 2019 to 2023 ( χ 2 trend =5.57， P <0.05). The median of urinary iodine of children was 220.1 (136.7, 326.0) μg/L,and boys had higher median of urinary iodine than girls [228.3(143.2, 336.0),210.2(129.1, 315.7) μg/L] ( Z =6.60, P <0.01). The median of urinary iodine of children in suburbs was higher than those in urban areas [236.3 (150.7, 342.2) , 207.1 (124.5, 309.8) μg/L]( Z =11.00, P <0.01). A total of 4 600 children were examined for thyroid volume, and the range of goiter rates were 1.1% to 3.4%, with an average goiter rate of 2.5%, which showed an overall downward trend from 2019 to 2023 ( χ 2 trend =5.11, P <0.05). Conclusions The iodine nutrition is sufficient and iodine nutrition status is good among children in Wuhan. It should continue to carry out monitoring and evaluation of children s iodine nutrition, guide the public to supplement iodine scientifically,so as to maintain the appropriate level of iodine for children.

Background Pulmonary fibrosis currently lacks screening and diagnostic methods in the early stages and effective treatments in the later stages, so there is an urgent need to explore the mechanisms and develop targeted treatments. Objective To screen the expression of differentially expressed circular RNA (circRNA) hsa_circUCK2 under pathological conditions and to explore its effect on pulmonary fibrosis. Methods In the cell-based experiments, hsa_circUCK2 was knocked down in HPF-a cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA), and HPF-a cells were stimulated by TGF-β1. Four groups were set up: si-NC group, si-circUCK2 group, si-NC+TGF-β1-treated group, and si-circUCK2+TGF-β1-treated group. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of fibronectin (FN1) in HPF-a cells of the four groups, scratch assay was used to detect the migration ability of HPF-a cells, and CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of HPF-a cells in the two groups with TGF-β1 stimulation, the si-NC+TGF-β1-treated group and the si-circUCK2+TGF-β1-treated group. In the animal experiments, forty-eighty healthy SPF-grade male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: saline+si-con group, saline+si-circ_0000115 group, SiO₂+si-con group, and SiO₂+si-circ_0000115 group. Mouse lung circRNA mmu_circ_0000115 (mouse homolog of hsa_circUCK2) was knocked down by tracheal drip injection of siRNA, and a mouse lung fibrosis model was constructed by tracheal drip injection of SiO₂ suspension (0.2 g·kg⁻¹, 50 mg·mL⁻¹) after 48 h. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the knockout efficiency in each organ of the mouse, Western blot was applied to detect the expression of type I collagen α2 (COL1A2) in the lung tissues, and Sirius red was used to detect collagen synthesis in the lung tissues. Results In the cell-based experiments, after the knockdown of hsa_circUCK2, the Western blot results showed that the expression level of the FN1 protein in TGF-β1-stimulated HPF-a cells was significantly down-regulated (P <0.05); the CCK-8 assay and cell scratch assay showed that the down-regulation of hsa_circUCK2 gene significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HPF-a cells (P<0.01). In the animal experiments, the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that among the detected organs, mmu_circ_0000115 was significantly knocked down only in the lung tissues (P<0.0001); the Western blot results showed that knocking down mmu_circ_0000115 significantly reduced the COL1A2 protein expression level when compared with the SiO₂+si-con group (P<0.0001); the Sirius red results showed that knocking down mmu_circ_0000115 significantly reduced collagen production and deposition in lung tissues of mice in the model group. Conclusion Knockdown of hsa_circUCK2 inhibits fibroblast activation and reduces collagen deposition in lung fibrosis model mice. It is suggested that the hsa_circUCK2 is involved in the process of pulmonary fibrosis and may be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between gene polymorphisms of coagulation factor Ⅻ(FⅫ)rs1801020 and resistin rs1862513 and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods A total of 189 patients diagnosed with URSA and 191 healthy postpartum women during the same period were selected from the obstetric clinic of Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022.The probe PCR was used to detect gene polymorphisms of rs1801020 and rs1862513 in peripheral blood,and the differences in genotype distribution between the groups were observed.Results The frequencies of geno-types and alleles for F Ⅻ rs1801020 in the URSA-A group were 4.9％(CC),35.7％(CT),59.5％(TT),22.7％(C),and 77.3％(T),respectively.In the control A group,the frequencies were 8.0％(CC),47.1％(CT),44.9％(TT),31.5％(C)and 68.5％(T).The frequencies of genotypes and alleles for resistin rs1862513 in the URSA-B group were 11.3％(CC),47.3％(CG),41.4％(GG),34.9％(C)and 65.1％(G).In the control B group,the frequencies were 10.2％(CC),34.1％(CG),55.7％(GG),27.3％(C)and 72.7％(G).There was no significant difference in genotype frequency of the two loci(P＞0.05),but there was a sig-nificant difference in allele frequency(P＜0.05).The distribution frequency of F Ⅻ rs1801020 T allele in the URSA group was higher than that in the control group(X2=6.32,OR=1.567,95％CI:1.100-2.238,P=0.012).The distribution frequency of resistin rs1862513 G allele in URSA group was lower than that in con-trol group(X2=4.96,OR=1.433,95％CI:1.050-1.969,P=0.026).The mutation of F Ⅻ rs1801020 C to T was a risk factor for the occurrence of URSA,while the mutation of rs1862513 C to G was a protective factor for the occurrence of URSA(P＜0.05).The combined genotype analysis showed that compared to the popu-lation carrying the rs1801020 CC+rs1862513 CC genotype combination,the population carrying the rs1801020 TT+rs1862513 CG genotype had a significantly higher risk of URSA(OR=5.684,95％CI:1.210-30.920,P=0.035).Conclusion FⅫ rs1801020 T allele may increase the risk of URSA and resistin rs1862513 G al-lele may the risk of URSA.People with rs1801020 TT+rs1862513 CG genotype combination is more likely to develop URSA than those with rs1801020 CC+rs1862513 CC genotype combination.

Objective To analyze the factors associated with pain after arthroscopic rotator cuff bridge suture.Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the data of 112 patients with unilateral rotator cuff injury who received arthroscopic bridge suture in our department were collected and were investigated in the form of telephone follow-up.In this study,SPSS 23.0 was used to input data and conduct statistical analysis.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the above influencing factors and postoperative pain.Results A total of 112 patients were included for statistical analysis,single factor analysis revealed,including course of disease,smoking history,preoperative University of California,Los Angeles(UCLA)score,Constant score,numeric rating scale(NRS),size of rotator cuff tear,whether it was full-thickness tear and degree of tendon retraction might be related to postoperative pain(P<0.05).The age,gender,body mass index(BMI),drinking history,diabetes and hypertension were not related to postoperative pain(P>0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis concluded that there were four factors related to postoperative pain,and the correlation degree was preoperative NRS,preoperative UCLA score,tear size and smoking history.Conclusion The causes of postoperative pain after arthroscopic rotator cauff repair are complex and diverse.Analyzing the cause of postoperative pain can effectively reduce the pain of patients and promote the recovery of shoulder joint function.

Objective To analyze the trends in Oncomelania hupensis distribution in Wuhan City, Hubei Province from 2003 to 2022, so as to provide insights into precision schistosomiasis control. Methods Data pertaining to O. hupensis snail survey in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 were collected. The trends in the proportion of areas with snail habitats, actual area with snail habitats, mean density of living snails and prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in snails were evaluated in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 with the slope of trend curve (β), annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) using a Joinpoint regression model. Results During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in Wuhan City in 2005 and 2015, with a rise during the period from 2003 to 2005 (β₁ = 5.93, t = 1.280, P > 0.05), a decline from 2005 to 2015 (β₂ = −0.88, t = −2.074, P > 0.05) and a rise from 2015 to 2022 (β₃ = 1.46, t = −2.356, P < 0.05). During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in islet endemic areas of Wuhan City in 2006 and 2015, with no significant differences in the trends from 2003 to 2006 (β₁ = 4.64, t = 1.888, P > 0.05) or from 2006 to 2015 (β₂ = −1.45, t = −2.143, P > 0.05), and with a tendency towards a rise from 2015 to 2022 (β₃ = 2.04, t = −3.100, P < 0.05). During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in inner embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City in 2012 and 2020, with a tendency towards a decline from 2003 to 2012 (β₁ = −0.39, t = −4.608, P < 0.05) and with no significant differences in the trends from 2012 to 2020 (β₂ = 0.03, t = 0.245, P > 0.05) and from 2020 to 2022 (β₃ = 1.38, t = 1.479, P > 0.05). During the period from 2003 to 2022, the actual area with snail habitats all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City, and in islet and inner embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (AAPC = −2.39%, −5.75% and −2.35%, all P values < 0.05). The mean density of living snails reduced from 0.087 snails/0.1 m² in 2003 to 0.027 snails/0.1 m² in 2022 in Wuhan City, with a significant difference in the tendency towards the decline (APC = AAPC = −11.47%, P < 0.05). The annual mean decline rate of the mean density of living snails was 17.36% in outside embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −17.36%, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the trends in the mean density of living snails in islet endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −0.97%, P > 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of S. japonicum infection in snails appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −12.45%, P < 0.05). Conclusions The proportion of areas with snail habitats, actual area with snail habitats, mean density of living snails and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in snails all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022. Intensified snail control, modification of snail habitats, shrinking of areas with snails and implementation of grazing prohibition in snail-infested settings are required, in order to facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in Wuhan City.

Objective To prepare and characterize the mouse polyclonal antibody against the dense granule protein 24 (GRA24) of Toxoplasma gondii, and explore its preliminary applications. Methods The GRA24 coding sequences of different T. gondii strains were aligned using the MEGA-X software, and the dominant peptide of the GRA24 protein was analyzed with the Protean software. The base sequence encoding this peptide was amplified using PCR assay and ligated into the pET-28a vector, and the generated GRA24 truncated protein was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. After induction by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), the expression and purification of the recombinant GRA24 protein was analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). BALB/c mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection with the purified recombinant GRA24 truncated protein to generate the polyclonal antibody, and the titer of the polyclonal antibody was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity of the polyclonal antibody was tested using Western blotting, and the intracellular localization of the polyclonal antibody was investigated using immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Results SDS-PAGE showed successful construction of the recombinant expression plasmid, and Coomassie brilliant blue staining showed the generation of the high-purity recombinant GRA24 truncated protein. ELISA measured that the titer of the polyclonal antibody against the GRA24 truncated protein was higher than 1:208 400, and Western blotting showed that the polyclonal antibody was effective to recognize the endogenous GRA24 proteins of different T. gondii strains and specifically recognize the recombinant GRA24 truncated protein. Indirect IFA showed that the GRA24 protein secreted 16 hour following T. gondii invasion in host cells. Conclusions The polyclonal antibody against the T. gondii GRA24 protein has been successfully prepared, which has a widespread applicability, high titers and a high specificity. This polyclonal antibody is available for Western blotting and IFA, which provides the basis for investigating the function of the GRA24 protein.

Post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome is one of the common complications after stroke,and warming-needle moxibustion treatment for this disease is characterized by convenient operation and remarkable efficacy.This article sorted the current research status of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome,summarized the mechanism and clinical efficacy of warming-needle moxibustion in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome,analyzed its therapeutic characteristics,deficiencies and made suggestions,in order to provide reference for warming-needle moxibustion in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome.

Objective To investigate the effect of sanguinarine(SAN)on proliferation and ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells.Methods SW620 and HCT-116 cells treated with different concentrations of SAN were examined for cell viability changes using CCK8 assay to determine the IC50 of SAN in the two cells.The inhibitory effects of SAN on proliferation,invasion and migration of the cells were evaluated using colony-forming assay and Transwell assays.ROS production in the treated cells was analyzed with flow cytometry,and lipid peroxide production was assessed by detecting malondialdehyde(MDA)level.Glutathione(GSH)levels in the cells were detected,and Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins STUB1 and GPX4.Results SAN significantly inhibited the proliferation,invasion and migration of SW620 and HCT-116 cells.SAN treatment significantly promoted ROS production,increased intracellular MDA level,and lowered GSH level in the two cells(P<0.05).Western blotting showed that SAN significantly upregulated the expression of STUB1 and down-regulated the expression of its downstream protein GPX4(P<0.05).Conclusion SAN induces ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating STUB1/GPX4,which may serve as a new therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.

Objective:In order to understand the current situation of air toxic substances without occupational exposure limits (OELs) in the workplace in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database, and to provide an effective reference for formulating OELs of corresponding toxic substances and improving health standards.Methods:From March 2022 to May 2023, based on the standard of GBZ 2.1-2019 Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace-Part 1: Chemical Hazardous Agents, air toxic substances without OELs in the standard of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 Determination of Toxic Substances in Workplace Air-Part 1: General Principles were screened out, then corresponding OELs in other countrie/regions were queried through the Germany GESTIS Substance Database.Results:Among the 333 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances in 160 parts of GBZ/T 300.1-2017 standard, 48 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances were screened out and had not yet been formulated OELs in GBZ 2.1-2019 standard. By querying the Germany GESTIS Substance Database, it was found that among the 48 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances, 35 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances had both 8-hour occupational exposure limit and short-term occupational exposure limit, 4 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances had 8-hour occupational exposure limit but no short-term occupational exposure limit, 9 kinds (classes) of air toxic substances hadn't been retrieved any OELs. In addition, standard test methods of 7 kinds of air toxic substances hadn't been published in the present, including trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylbenzenes, cumene, chloroethane, chloropropane, dibromoethane and acetophenone.Conclusion:In the process of formulating or revising the standards of GBZ 2.1-2019 and GBZ/T 300, the latest published OELs in the Germany GESTIS Substance Database could be used as a reference basis.