Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC), as a rare histologic subtype of primary lung adenocarcinoma, is defined as an adenocarcinoma in which the enteric component exceeds 50%. It is named after its shared morphological and immunohistochemical features with colorectal cancer. While with such similarity, the differential diagnosis of PEAC and lung metastatic colorectal cancer is a great challenge in the clinic. PEAC may originate from the intestinal metaplasia of respiratory basal cells stimulated by risk factors such as smoking. Current studies have found that KRAS is a relatively high-frequency mutation gene, and other driver gene mutations are rare. In terms of immunohistochemistry, in pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma, the positive rate was 88.2% (149/169) for CK7, 78.1% (132/169) for CDX2, 48.2% (82/170) for CK20 and 38.8% (66/170) for TTF1. As for clinical features, the average age of onset for pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma was 62 years, male patients accounted for 56.5% (35/62), smokers accounted for 78.8% (41/52), and 41.4% (24/58) of the primary lesion was located in the upper lobe of the right lung. In terms of treatment, conventional non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regimens rather than colorectal cancer regimens are now recommended. There is still an urgent need for more basic and clinical research, in-depth exploration of its molecular feature and pathogenesis from the level of omics and other aspects, to help diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and find the optimal chemotherapy regimen, possibly effective targeted therapy and even immunotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology* ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis* ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective: To investigate the utility of albumin RNAscope in situ hybridization in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and its mimics. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and its mimics and 33 cases of normal tissue were selected from the pathology database of the Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to December 2019. Tissue microarrays were constructed and RNAscope in situ hybridization was performed to detect the expression of albumin mRNA. Results: No albumin mRNA expression was detected in normal tissues except for the liver. All hepatocellular carcinoma regardless of its degree of differentiation and primary or metastatic nature had detectable albumin mRNA, with strong and diffuse staining in 90.7% (49/54) of cases. While the positive rate of HepPar-1, Arg-1 or one of them by immunohistochemistry was 87.0% (47/54), 85.2% (46/54) and 92.6% (50/54) respectively. The positive rates of albumin mRNA in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and biphenotypic hepatocellular carcinoma were 7/15 and 9/10, respectively. The former showed focal or heterogeneous staining, while the latter showed strong and diffuse staining. The positive rate of hepatoid adenocarcinoma was 8/19, and the albumin expression could be diffuse or focal. Sporadic cases of poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma and metastatic colon adenocarcinoma showed focal staining of albumin mRNA. Conclusions: Detection of albumin mRNA by RNAscope in situ hybridization is of great value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HCC, and the sensitivity may be improved by combining with HepPar-1 and Arg-1. It also offers different diagnostic clues according to different expression patterns.
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis* ; Albumins/genetics* ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology* ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology* ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics* ; China ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; RNA, Messenger

With the extension of survival period and the improvement of imaging technology, the incidence of bone metastasis from colorectal cancer gradually increases. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis should not be neglected while the primary lesion was controlled.Currently, the available evidence for bone metastasis from colorectal cancer is very limited. In this article, the Chinese Society of Colorectal Cancer organized multi-disciplinary experts to integrate the relevant studies worldwide and combine with clinical practice, focused on the issues and controversies about clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and follow-up of bone metastatic patients with colorectal cancer.After discussion and voting, Chinese expert consensus on multidisciplinary treatment of bone metastasis from colorectal cancer (2020 version) was formed. This consensus could provide clinicians with more detailed multidisciplinary treatment strategies for bone metastasis from colorectal cancer.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; secondary ; therapy ; China ; Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Consensus ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Patient Care Team ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pattern of lymph node metastasis in patients with left-sided colon cancer in order to provide evidences for the choice of operation mode and the range of lymph node clearance.

METHODSClinical data of 556 cases with left-sided colon carcinoma undergoing surgical treatment in Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2000 to October 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, cancer of splenic flexure and transverse colon close to splenic flexure (splenic flexure group) was found in 41 cases, descending colon cancer in 73 cases(descending colon goup) and sigmoid colon cancer in 442 cases (sigmoid colon group), respectively; T1 was found in 29 cases, T2 in 63 cases, T3 in 273 cases, T4 in 191 cases. All the patients underwent D3 radical operation or complete mesocolic excision(CME). Para-bowel lymph node was defined as the first station, mesenteric lymph node as the second station, and lymph node in root of mesentery and around upper and inferior mesenteric arteries as the third station. Metastasis was compared among these 3 stations with regard to different sites and tumor invasions.

RESULTSThe total lymph node metastasis rate was 49.6%(276/556). The lymph node metastasis rates of splenic flexure, descending colon and sigmoid colon groups were 53.7%(22/41), 52.1%(38/73) and 48.9%(216/442) respectively without significant difference (P>0.05). The lymph node metastasis rates of the first, second, and third stations were 47.3%(263/556), 16.9%(94/556) and 5.8%(32/556) respectively with significant difference (χ(2)=287.54, P=0.000). In the first, second and third station, the lymph node metastasis rate was 13.8%(4/29), 0 and 0 in T1; 25.4%(16/63), 4.8%(3/63) and 3.2%(2/63) in T2; 45.8%(125/273), 14.7%(40/273) and 4.8%(13/273) in T3; 61.8%(118/191), 26.7%(25/191) and 8.9%(17/191) in T4 respectively. In splenic flexure group, metastasis rates were similar between No.222 and No.232[14.6%(61/41) vs. 12.2%(5/41), χ(2)=0.11, P=1.000] and between No.223 and No.253 [7.3% (3/41) vs. 2.4% (1/41), χ(2)=1.05, P=0.616]. In descending colon group, metastasis rate of No.232 was higher as compared to No.222[15.1%(11/73) vs. 2.7% (2/73), χ(2)=6.84, P=0.017]; metastasis rate of No.253 was slightly higher as compared to No.223 without significant difference [4.1%(3/73) vs. 0, χ(2)=3.06, P=0.245]. Metastasis rates of No.222 and No.223 in splenic flexure group were significantly higher than those in descending colon and sigmoid colon groups (χ(2)=5.69, P=0.025; Fisher exact test, P=0.044); While such rates of No.232(No.242 for sigmoid colon group) and No.253 were not significantly different among 3 groups respectively (χ(2)=0.90, P=0.660; χ(2)=1.14, P=0.611).

CONCLUSIONSLeft-sided colon cancers in T1 should undergo D2 radical operation, while cancers in T2 to T4 should undergo D3 radical operation. The D3 radical operation for splenic flexure cancers and cancers of transverse colon close to splenic flexure should clear No.223 and No.253. The D3 radical operation for descending colon cancer should clear No.222 and No.253. The D3 radical operation for sigmoid colon should clear No.253.

Colon, Sigmoid ; pathology ; Colon, Transverse ; pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; diagnosis ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Although there is a consensus about the need for surveillance colonoscopy after endoscopic resection, the interval remains controversial for large sessile colorectal polyps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome and the adequate surveillance colonoscopy interval required for sessile and flat colorectal polyps larger than 20 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 204 patients with large sessile and flat polyps who received endoscopic treatment from May 2005 to November 2011 in a tertiary referral center were included. RESULTS: The mean age was 65.1 years and 62.7% of the patients were male. The mean follow-up duration was 44.2 months and the median tumor size was 25 mm. One hundred and ten patients (53.9%) received a short interval surveillance colonoscopy (median interval of 6.3 months with range of 1-11 months) and 94 patients (46.1%) received a long interval surveillance colonoscopy (median interval of 13.6 months with range of 12-66 months). There were 14 patients (6.9%) who had local recurrence at the surveillance colonoscopy. Using multivariate regression analysis, a polyp size greater than 40 mm was shown to be independent risk factor for local recurrence. However, piecemeal resection and surveillance colonoscopy interval did not significantly influence local recurrence. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic treatment of large sessile colorectal polyps shows a favorable long-term outcome. Further prospective study is mandatory to define an adequate interval of surveillance colonoscopy.
Adult ; Aged ; Colonic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Colonic Polyps/*diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; *Colonoscopy ; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Time Factors ; Watchful Waiting/*methods

Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a new imaging technology that was developed in 2006 and has since spread worldwide. Because of its convenience, NBI has been replacing the role of chromoendoscopy. Here we review the efficacy of NBI with/without magnification for detection, characterization, and management of colorectal polyps, and future perspectives for the technology, including education. Recent studies have shown that the next-generation NBI system can detect significantly more colonic polyps than white light imaging, suggesting that NBI may become the modality of choice from the beginning of screening. The capillary pattern revealed by NBI, and the NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic classification are helpful for prediction of histology and for estimating the depth of invasion of colorectal cancer. However, NBI with magnifying colonoscopy is not superior to magnifying chromoendoscopy for estimation of invasion depth. Currently, therefore, chromoendoscopy should also be performed additionally if deep submucosal invasive cancer is suspected. If endoscopists become able to accurately estimate colorectal polyp pathology using NBI, this will allow adenomatous polyps to be resected and discarded; thus, reducing both the risk of polypectomy and costs. In order to achieve this goal, a suitable system for education and training in in vivo diagnostics will be necessary.
Adenomatous Polyps ; Capillaries ; Classification ; Colonic Polyps ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Mass Screening ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Pathology ; Polyps*

Colorectal carcinoma is a common lethal disease with signs and symptoms that may be nonspecific. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast is frequently performed for various general abdominal complaints, but unlike CT colonography, the large bowel may not be optimally prepared for evaluation. As such, careful and diligent assessment of the non-prepared colon in all CT images of the abdomen and pelvis is important, as it ensures that incidental colorectal malignancy is not missed, especially in older patients. This article gives an overview of multidetector CT imaging signs and subtle clues to aid in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma, as well as their pitfalls.
Colonic Polyps ; pathology ; Colonography, Computed Tomographic ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Pelvis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The patient was a 70-year-old male whose chief complaints were obstructive jaundice and weight loss. Abdominal imaging studies showed a 2.5 cm sized mass at the distal common bile duct, which was suggestive of bile duct cancer. Eccentric enhancing wall thickening in the transverse colon was also shown, suggesting concomitant colon cancer. A colonoscopy revealed a lumen-encircling ulcerofungating mass in the transverse colon, that was pathologically proven to be adenocarcinoma. The bile duct pathology was also adenocarcinoma. Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and extended right hemicolectomy were performed under the diagnosis of double primary cancers. Postoperative histopathologic examination revealed moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of transverse colon cancer, and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct. Immunohistochemical staining studies showed that the bile duct cancer had metastasized from the colon cancer. The patient recovered uneventfully from surgery and will be undergoing chemotherapy for three months.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts ; Colon, Transverse* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Common Bile Duct* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Male ; Mucins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Pathology ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Uninsured individuals have lower rates of screening colonoscopy (SC), and little is known regarding the pathology results obtained when they undergo colonoscopies. Since 2004, we have participated in a program that offers SC to uninsured New Yorkers; herein, we report our findings. METHODS: Uninsured, average-risk patients who were at least 50 years of age underwent SC at our institution between April 2004 and June 2011. We analyzed polyp pathology, location, size, incidence of adenomas, and incidence of adenomas with advanced pathology (AAP) with respect to ethnicity, gender, and age. RESULTS: Out of 493 referrals, 222 patients completed the colonoscopies. Polyps were identified in 21.2% of all patients; 14% had adenomas, and 4.5% had AAP. The rates of adenomas among African-Americans, Hispanics, and Whites were 24.3%, 12.1%, and 11.6%, respectively, and the corresponding rates of AAP were 10.8%, 3.5%, and 2.3%. Differences in the polyp type, location, and AAP did not reach statistical significance with respect to ethnicity or gender. Patients aged 60 and older were found to have a higher rate of advanced adenomas compared with younger patients (8.6% vs 2.6%, p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Further efforts to fund screening colonoscopies for uninsured individuals will likely result in the identification of advanced lesions of the colon before they progress to colorectal cancer.
Adenoma/diagnosis/epidemiology ; African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Colon/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Colonic Polyps/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Colonoscopy/*statistics & numerical data ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mass Screening/*statistics & numerical data ; Medically Uninsured/*statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Minority Groups/*statistics & numerical data ; New York City/epidemiology ; Program Evaluation ; *Urban Population

PURPOSE: Colonoscopic polypectomy and surveillance are important to prevent colorectal cancer and identify additional relative risk factors for adequate surveillance. In this study, we evaluated risk factors related to recurrent high-risk polyps during the surveillance of patients with high-risk polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 434 patients who had high-risk polyps (adenoma > or =10 mm, > or =3 adenomas, villous histology, or high-grade dysplasia) on the baseline colonoscopy and underwent at least one surveillance colonoscopy from 2005 to 2011 at Severance Hospital. Data regarding patient characteristics, bowel preparation and polyp size, location, number, and pathological diagnosis were retrospectively collected from medical records. Patients with recurrent high-risk polyps were compared with patients with low-risk or no polyps during surveillance. RESULTS: Patients were predominantly male (77.4%), with a mean age of 61.0+/-8.6 years and mean follow-up of 1.5+/-0.8 years. High-risk polyps recurred during surveillance colonoscopy in 51 (11.8%) patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that male gender, poor bowel preparation, and a larger number of adenomas were independent risk factors for recurrent high-risk polyps (p=0.047, 0.01, and <0.001, respectively). Compared with high-risk polyps found during initial colonoscopy, high-risk polyps on surveillance colonoscopy had higher proportions of small adenomas, low-risk pathology, and fewer adenomas overall, but there was no difference in location. CONCLUSION: Male patients and those with poor bowel preparation for colonoscopy or higher numbers of adenomas were more likely to experience recurrent high-risk polyps.
Adenomatous Polyps/pathology/*surgery ; Aged ; *Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms/*pathology ; Colonic Polyps/pathology/*surgery ; *Colonoscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors