Decontamination ; Disinfection ; Manikins ; Protective Clothing ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Health Personnel

Humans ; Protective Clothing

Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, β-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed.
China ; Clothing ; Commerce ; Coronavirus ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Pneumonia ; Thorax ; Viral Load

The inhalation of naphthalene used as deodorant balls in public toilets could be an important cancer risk factor. The atmospheric concentration of naphthalene in public toilets (C(in)) was estimated both by a polyurethane foam passive air sampler (PUF-PAS) deployed in nine public toilets in Seoul, Korea and by a steady-state indoor air quality model, including emission estimation using Monte-Carlo simulation. Based on the estimated C(in), cancer risk was also assessed for cleaning workers and the general population. The steady-state C(in) estimated using the estimated emission rate, which assumed that air exchange was the only process by which naphthalene was removed, was much greater than the C(in) value measured using PUF-PAS in nine public toilets, implying the importance of other removal processes, such as sorption to walls and the garments of visitors, as well as decreased emission rate owing to wetting of the naphthalene ball surface. The 95 percentile values of cancer risk for workers based on the estimation by PUF-PAS was 1.6×10⁻⁶, whereas those for the general public were lower than 1×10⁻⁶. The results suggested that naphthalene deodorant balls in public toilets may be an important cancer risk factor especially for the cleaning workers.
Air Pollution, Indoor ; Clothing ; Deodorants ; Inhalation Exposure ; Inhalation ; Korea ; Polyurethanes ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Seoul

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The burden of acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been explored in Jordanian patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, risk factors, and mortality of AKI among patients who underwent HSCT. METHODS: A retrospective pilot study included 70 adult patients who received peripheral HSCT was conducted. Weekly measurement of serum creatinine (SCr) was obtained for 3 months after chemotherapy and HSCT. Then, stages of Risk, Injury, and Failure of Kidney were determined based on the Kidney Disease for Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 41 months. Mortality was reported in 16 patients (23%). Out of 60 patients that had SCr values, 19 patients (31.6%) had AKI in 90 days after chemotherapy. Allogeneic HSCT, male donors, high-dose melphalan protocols and values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly higher among patients with AKI. CONCLUSIONS: Combining many nephrotoxic drugs and dosing adjustments should be considered in uniform protocols. Multidisciplinary care should be utilized to assess early kidney dysfunction that decreases adverse events and improves outcomes.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Adult ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Clothing ; Creatinine ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jordan ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Male ; Melphalan ; Mortality ; Pilot Projects ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tissue Donors

clothing. Multiple bullae were initially noted. On the next day, fluctuation in bullae and purulent discharge were observed, and central eschar change was noted. On the 18th day after the burn, escharectomy and full-thickness skin graft were performed. Therefore, workers who use dichloromethane should wear protective clothing at workplaces. If exposed to the chemical, the worker should be instructed to do a quick wash and visit the hospital.]]>
Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Hand ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Male ; Methylene Chloride ; Paint ; Protective Clothing ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Transplants

The inhalation of naphthalene used as deodorant balls in public toilets could be an important cancer risk factor. The atmospheric concentration of naphthalene in public toilets (C(in)) was estimated both by a polyurethane foam passive air sampler (PUF-PAS) deployed in nine public toilets in Seoul, Korea and by a steady-state indoor air quality model, including emission estimation using Monte-Carlo simulation. Based on the estimated C(in), cancer risk was also assessed for cleaning workers and the general population. The steady-state C(in) estimated using the estimated emission rate, which assumed that air exchange was the only process by which naphthalene was removed, was much greater than the C(in) value measured using PUF-PAS in nine public toilets, implying the importance of other removal processes, such as sorption to walls and the garments of visitors, as well as decreased emission rate owing to wetting of the naphthalene ball surface. The 95 percentile values of cancer risk for workers based on the estimation by PUF-PAS was 1.6×10⁻⁶, whereas those for the general public were lower than 1×10⁻⁶. The results suggested that naphthalene deodorant balls in public toilets may be an important cancer risk factor especially for the cleaning workers.
Air Pollution, Indoor ; Clothing ; Deodorants ; Inhalation Exposure ; Inhalation ; Korea ; Polyurethanes ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Seoul

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a disease caused by exfoliative toxin. The purpose of this study is to analyze clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment outcome of patients who diagnosed with SSSS in a single institution for 18 years. From January 2001 to December 2018, 137 patients were diagnosed with SSSS at Daegu Fatima hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the 131 patients' medical records except 6 patients who were unable to identify the exact medical records. The median age of the patients was 32 months (5 days to 97 months) and 78% of the patients were under 4 years. The mean annual number of cases was 7.3 ± 3.7, the number of patients was increased since 2013, and occurred mainly from August to January. Skin cultures were performed in 62 patients and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was cultured in 37 patients. The result of the treatment was good without the dead patient. SSSS is a disease occurred frequently in young children, at August to January. The number of patients was increased since 2013. MRSA was cultured a lot, but uniform use of glycopeptide is not necessary.
Child ; Clothing ; Daegu ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Treatment Outcome

While hormonal changes during the ovulatory cycles affect multiple body systems, medical management, including medication dosing remains largely uniform between the sexes. Little is known about sex-specific pharmacology in women. Although hormonal fluctuations of the normal menstruating process alters women's physiology and brain biochemistry, medication dosing does not consider such cyclical changes. Using schizophrenia as an example, this paper illustrates how a woman's clinical symptoms can change throughout the ovulatory cycle, leading to fluctuations in medication responses. Effects of sex steroids on the brain, clinical pharmacology are discussed. Effective medication dose may be different at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Further research is needed to better understand optimal treatment strategies in reproductive women; we present a potential clinical trial design for examining optimal medication dosing strategies for conditions that have menstruation related clinical fluctuations.
Biochemistry ; Brain ; Clothing ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Pharmacology ; Pharmacology, Clinical ; Physiology ; Psychopharmacology ; Schizophrenia ; Steroids

PURPOSE: Wet wrap therapy is a well-known treatment for severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, wet wrap therapy with usual bandage was a troublesome and time-consuming process of application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and convenience of wet wrap therapy with new garments in children with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS: We compared 56 AD children treated with wet wrap therapy and 14 AD children treated with only conventional therapy. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, change of SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, adverse effects and parent's reports. RESULTS: The initial mean SCORAD index was 60.3±15.3 points. No significant differences in sex, age, initial SCORAD index, total eosinophil count, total IgE level, food allergen sensitization, inhalant allergen sensitization or associated allergic diseases were found between the wet wrap and conventional groups. The pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions except wet wrap therapy were same in the 2 groups. Wet wrap therapy with garments or tubular bandage was easily done one time per day overnight in 10.6±3.5 days by parents. Improvement in total SCORAD index, intensity, subjective symptoms and pruritus were significantly higher in the wet wrap group than in the conventional group (36.2 vs. 26.9, 6.0 vs. 4.0, 9.9 vs. 7.4, and 4.8 vs. 3.6 points). No folliculitis and serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: Wet wrap therapy with new garments could be easily done by parents. Wet wrap therapy may be effective and safe in controlling moderate-to-severe AD in children.
Bandages ; Child* ; Clothing ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Eosinophils ; Folliculitis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Parents ; Pruritus ; Retrospective Studies