Objective To explore the clinical effects of hypoglycemic drugs on depression degree in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 160 newly diagnosed T2DM patients or T2DM patients who have not used hypoglycemic drugs in the past 3 months with mild to moderate depressive episodes and visited our outpatient department were enrolled in this study from January to December 2022.All the participants HbA1c were ranged from 7%to 9%.They were randomly divided into four groups:Metformin treatment group(Met,n=40),Met combined with sulfonylurea treatment group(Met+SUs,n=40),Met combined with DPP-4i treatment group(Met+DPP-4i,n=40),and Met combined with GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment group(Met+GLP-1RA,n=40).All the patients were scored with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)in each group.Results The Met+DPP-4i and Met+GLP-1RA groups showed the most significant decrease in HAMD and HAMA scores after treatment(P<0.05),while the proportion of moderate depression and significant anxiety in HAMD decreased(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that?HAMD,?HAMA were positively correlated with ?HbA1c in the Met+GLP-1RA group(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of Met with DPP-4i and GLP-1RA has the most significant effect on improving the degree of depression in patients with T2DM and depression.

Objective To explore the effects of peridopril on osteoporosis and possible mechanisms involved.Methods Fifty experimental rats were divided into a normal control group,a sham operation group(Sham group),an ovariectomized group(OVX group),a perindopril group and an estrogen group (E2 group),with ten in each group.The perindopril group was intragastrically administered perindopril 4 mg/kg per day,the E2 group was intragastrically administered estrogen 1.2 mg/kg per day,and rats in the normal control group,the sham group and the OVX group were intragastrically given an equal volume of distilled water.Drugs were given once a day for 12 weeks.After 12 weeks of drug intervention,all rats were anaesthetized and 12 ml blood was extracted from the heart,and serum calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.The bone mineral density(BMD)of the left femur was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results After 4 weeks of drug intervention,the femur BMD was lower in the OVX group than in the sham operation group and the normal control group(F =12.224,P＜0.05),and there was no difference between the sham operation group and the normal control group(P＞0.05).After 12 weeks of drug intervention,serum Ca and P levels had no significant difference between the groups(P＞0.05).ALP and TRACP levels in the OVX group were (192.30± 14.50) U/L and (12.7 ± 1.72) U/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group(P＜0.01).ALP and TRACP levels in the perindopril group were (169.00 ± 10.14) U/L and (10.19 ± 1.24) U/L,respectively,which were lower than those in the OVX group(P＜0.05).ALP and TRACP levels in the E2 group were (130.76±9.47) U/L and (7.04±0.96) U/L,respectively,which were lower than those in the OVX group(P＜0.01).BMD in the OVX group was (0.161±0.011) g/cm2,which was lower than that in the sham operation group (P ＜ 0.01).BMD in the perindopril group was (0.173 ± 0.011) g/cm2,which was higher than that in the OVX group(P ＜0.05).After estrogen treatment,BMD of the E2 group was (0.196±0.008) g/cm2,which was higher than that in the OVX group(P ＜0.01).Conclusions Perindopril can decrease high bone turnover,increase bone density in ovariectomized rats,and thus may be used for alleviating postmenopausal osteoporosis.