The esophagogastric junction serves as a natural anti-reflux barrier and possesses a complex anatomical configuration composed of several key components, including the lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragmatic crura, His angle, and phrenoesophageal ligament. Alterations in these anatomical structures or dysfunction thereof may predispose individuals to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In response to such structural and functional impairments, various therapeutic strategies have been developed. Surgical intervention is currently regarded as an effective approach for fundamentally addressing GERD, with commonly employed techniques including laparoscopic fundoplication, magnetic sphincter augmentation, and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation. The author classifies the anti-reflux mechanisms at the esophagogastric junction into intramural and extramural components, and based on this classification, systematically reviews and evaluates the indications and clinical applications of major surgical interventions for GERD, aiming to provide clinicians with evidence-based guidance for selecting appropriate therapeutic modalities.

The esophagogastric junction serves as a natural anti-reflux barrier and possesses a complex anatomical configuration composed of several key components, including the lower esophageal sphincter, diaphragmatic crura, His angle, and phrenoesophageal ligament. Alterations in these anatomical structures or dysfunction thereof may predispose individuals to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In response to such structural and functional impairments, various therapeutic strategies have been developed. Surgical intervention is currently regarded as an effective approach for fundamentally addressing GERD, with commonly employed techniques including laparoscopic fundoplication, magnetic sphincter augmentation, and endoscopic radiofrequency ablation. The author classifies the anti-reflux mechanisms at the esophagogastric junction into intramural and extramural components, and based on this classification, systematically reviews and evaluates the indications and clinical applications of major surgical interventions for GERD, aiming to provide clinicians with evidence-based guidance for selecting appropriate therapeutic modalities.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent disorder within the digestive system, characterized by the regurgitation of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus or extraesophageal regions, leading to a spectrum of clinical symptoms. The esophagogastric junction serves as the principal area for anti-reflux function, with anomalies in anatomical structures including the lower esophageal sphincter, the crural diaphragm, the phrenoesophageal ligament, and the angle of His as significant factors in the development of GERD. Reconstructive and reparative surgeries based on above anatomical structures are effective methods for treating GERD, with a variety of surgical approaches each offering distinct advantages and focal points. The authors elucidate the anatomical pathogenesis and rational selection of surgical methods for GERD.

Osimertinib is an irreversible third representative epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with T790M resistance and classical EGFR mutations. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of osimertinib is limited by acquired drug-resistance, poor water solubility and low tumor accumulation rates. Nanodrug delivery systems can increase the solubility and stability of drugs, prolong the blood circulation time of drugs, improve the uptake rate of cells, promote drug accumulation in tumor tissues, and improve drug resistance. Thus, they are effective in overcoming the limitations of traditional targeted drugs. In this study, we reviewed the mechanism of action of the third-generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib, focused on research advances in osimertinib nanodrug delivery systems against NSCLC, and explored the challenges and future development direction in this field.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent disorder within the digestive system, characterized by the regurgitation of gastric and duodenal contents into the esophagus or extraesophageal regions, leading to a spectrum of clinical symptoms. The esophagogastric junction serves as the principal area for anti-reflux function, with anomalies in anatomical structures including the lower esophageal sphincter, the crural diaphragm, the phrenoesophageal ligament, and the angle of His as significant factors in the development of GERD. Reconstructive and reparative surgeries based on above anatomical structures are effective methods for treating GERD, with a variety of surgical approaches each offering distinct advantages and focal points. The authors elucidate the anatomical pathogenesis and rational selection of surgical methods for GERD.

Qiancengta, a traditional Chinese medicine produced from the whole plant of the club moss Huperzia serrata, has been used for a long history in China for treatment of a number of ailments, including contusions, strains, swellings, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and noworganophosphate poisoning. It has become known worldwide as a medicinal plant since Chinese scientists discovered huperzine A from it in the 1980s, which is reversible, potent and selective acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors by in vitro and in vivo pharmacological, and produce definite effects in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Now, Qiancengta is popular in all over the word for his famous pharmacological actions. For further exploitation this valuable resource under protection of nature environmental, its biological and ecological features, pharmaceutical active ingredients, artificial propagation and in vitro tissue culture, were reviewed, and the sustainable use of Qiancengta natural resource through plant biotechnology was put on the agenda.
Animals ; Biotechnology ; China ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Huperzia ; chemistry ; physiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; physiology ; Research