OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of animal-related injuries and summarize the epidemiological features of the affected population using the hospital's emergency department electronic medical record system. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, collecting data on animal-related injuries (dogs, cats, rodents, or other animals) as recorded in the outpatient registration system of the emergency department at Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province from October 8, 2022, to October 30, 2023. The study variables encompassed patient demographic characteristics (gender, age, occupation, residence, etc.), and injury characteristics (date and location of injury, type of animal inflicting the injury, level of exposure, wound site, number of wounds, vaccination history, etc.). Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were performed on the collected data. RESULTS: From October 8, 2022, to October 30, 2023, a total of 1 266 cases of animal bites were attended to in our hospital's emergency department. A distinct seasonal pattern was observed in the monthly distribution of animal bite patients, with a consistent presence throughout the year and notable fluctuations. There was a higher incidence during the summer and autumn (July to October), and a lower incidence during the winter and spring (December to the following March), marking a relatively quiescent period. The study included 680 female cases (53.7%) and 586 male cases (46.3%), with a median age of 27 years (range 11 months to 88 years). The majority of patients were clerks or workers (50.2%), followed by students (21.6%), laborers (8.5%), and retirees (3.6%). The majority of patients were local residents (90.6%), and the majority had no history of rabies vaccination (76.9%), with only 3 cases (0.2%) having pre-exposure immunization. Among the four types of animal bites, cat bites predominated (64.5%), followed by dog bites (28.7%), rodent bites (4.9%), and bites from other animals (1.9%). The time from injury to consultation was 0 (0-40) days. Most patients experienced a level III exposure (76.3%), with level II exposure being less common (23.2%), and level I exposure being the least frequent (0.5%). The upper limbs were the most common site of injury (72.1%), followed by the lower limbs (21.2%), and the trunk was the least affected (2.6%). The majority of patients had a single wound (75.8%), and the majority of injuries occurred at home (90.2%). The number of patients who self-cleaned their wounds was comparable to those who sought outpatient treatment. When stratified by age and gender, the age of 18 to 39 years group was identified as the high-incidence demographic for all four types of animal bites. In this age group, except for injuries caused by mice, injuries caused by other animals were more common in females than males. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of injuries caused by cats in animal-related incidents in the emergency department of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is significantly high. The majority of patients lack a history of rabies vaccination and pre-exposure immunization. There is a higher incidence of cases during the summer and autumn months, with a prolonged high-incidence period. The utilization of emergency department data on animal injuries provides a convenient and sustainable method for monitoring animal bites, representing a novel approach to comprehensive surveillance data and serving as a valuable supplement to the existing disease control surveillance system.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Animals ; Bites and Stings/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data* ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Electronic Health Records ; Infant ; Cats ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dogs ; China/epidemiology*

Aged ; Benzylisoquinolines ; therapeutic use ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; Phytotherapy ; Pneumoconiosis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To establish the method for the determination of the content of total alkaloids extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L. Methods The content of total alkaloids in the samples was determined by the acid dye colorimetry, which was performed with brucine and strychnine as the reference substances, dibromothymolsulfonphthalein as the acidic dye under the condition of a buffer solution (pH=7.2), and chloroform was used as the extractant. Results Both the concentration of brucine being 0.041 2～ 0.206 mg/mL and that of strychnine being 0.042 8～ 0.214 mg/mL had a good linear relationship with the absorbance. The average recoveries for brucine and strychnine were (101.8? 4.6) % and (103.3? 2.7) % , respectively. Conclusion The established method is simple, accurate and stable, and can be used for the determination of the content of the total alkaloids extracted from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L.