Objective:To explore the application effect of biofeedback functional electrical stimulation (BF-FES) combined with vaginal hysterectomy (TVH) in elderly patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) .Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 92 elderly POP patients admitted to the hospital from Jul. 2020 to Dec. 2022. They were divided into a study group (45 cases) and a control group (47 cases) using a random number table method. The control group received TVH treatment and underwent routine pelvic floor rehabilitation training after surgery; The research group received BF-FES treatment on the basis of the control group. All patients were treated continuously for 4 weeks and followed up for 6 months. The surface electromyographic values, three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound parameters, and urodynamic indicators between the two groups were compared before treatment and at 4 weeks of treatment. The results of the 1-hour urinary pad test before treatment, at 4 weeks of treatment, and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up were compared.Results:The surface electromyographic values of the two groups of patients at each stage of treatment for 4 weeks were higher than those before treatment. The surface electromyographic values of the study group at rest, rapid contraction, tense contraction, endurance contraction, and post rest stages were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the mobility of the bladder neck in both groups was higher than those before treatment, while the posterior angle and rotation angle of the urethra and bladder were lower than those before treatment; The mobility of the bladder neck in the study group was higher than that in the control group, while the posterior angle of the urethra and bladder, as well as the rotation angle of the urethra were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The maximum urine flow rate, maximum bladder volume, and average urine flow rate of the two groups after 4 weeks of treatment were higher than those before treatment, while residual urine volume was lower than that before treatment; The maximum urine flow rate, maximum bladder volume, and average urine flow rate in the study group were were higher than those in the control group. The residual urine volume in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, 3 months of follow-up, and 6 months of follow-up, the increase in 1-hour urine pad weight of patients in the two groups gradually decreased compared to that before treatment, and the study group was lower than the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:BF-FES combined with TVH can significantly enhance pelvic muscle strength, improve pelvic floor ultrasound parameters and urodynamic indicators in elderly POP patients, and have a significant effect on treating urinary incontinence in patients.

Objective:To explore the application effect of biofeedback functional electrical stimulation (BF-FES) combined with vaginal hysterectomy (TVH) in elderly patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) .Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 92 elderly POP patients admitted to the hospital from Jul. 2020 to Dec. 2022. They were divided into a study group (45 cases) and a control group (47 cases) using a random number table method. The control group received TVH treatment and underwent routine pelvic floor rehabilitation training after surgery; The research group received BF-FES treatment on the basis of the control group. All patients were treated continuously for 4 weeks and followed up for 6 months. The surface electromyographic values, three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound parameters, and urodynamic indicators between the two groups were compared before treatment and at 4 weeks of treatment. The results of the 1-hour urinary pad test before treatment, at 4 weeks of treatment, and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up were compared.Results:The surface electromyographic values of the two groups of patients at each stage of treatment for 4 weeks were higher than those before treatment. The surface electromyographic values of the study group at rest, rapid contraction, tense contraction, endurance contraction, and post rest stages were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the mobility of the bladder neck in both groups was higher than those before treatment, while the posterior angle and rotation angle of the urethra and bladder were lower than those before treatment; The mobility of the bladder neck in the study group was higher than that in the control group, while the posterior angle of the urethra and bladder, as well as the rotation angle of the urethra were lower than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The maximum urine flow rate, maximum bladder volume, and average urine flow rate of the two groups after 4 weeks of treatment were higher than those before treatment, while residual urine volume was lower than that before treatment; The maximum urine flow rate, maximum bladder volume, and average urine flow rate in the study group were were higher than those in the control group. The residual urine volume in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, 3 months of follow-up, and 6 months of follow-up, the increase in 1-hour urine pad weight of patients in the two groups gradually decreased compared to that before treatment, and the study group was lower than the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:BF-FES combined with TVH can significantly enhance pelvic muscle strength, improve pelvic floor ultrasound parameters and urodynamic indicators in elderly POP patients, and have a significant effect on treating urinary incontinence in patients.

Calciphylaxis is a rare ischemic necrotic skin disease characterized by skin ischemia, necrosis, and severe pain. Histopathological features include systemic arteriolar media calcification, intimal fibrosis, and thrombosis. While calciphylaxis is predominantly found in uremic patients, there have been a few case reports in non-uremic patients. This article presented a case of a non-uremic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy and subsequently developed severe calciphylaxis. The patient presented with symptoms of lower limb dermatalgia and ulceration, consistent with the classic clinical features of calciphylaxis. Following a systematic therapeutic approach in accordance with the "Zhongda Scheme", a complete remission of the condition was achieved. At the same time, the authors reviewed the relevant literature on the risk factors and possible mechanisms of non-uremic calciphylaxis based on this case.

Oligoasthenospermia is the primary cause of infertility. However, there are still enormous challenges in the screening of critical candidates and targets of oligoasthenospermia owing to its complex mechanism. In this study, stem cell factor (SCF), c-kit, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) biosensors were successfully established and applied to studying apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Interestingly, the detection limit reached 2.787 × 10^-15 g/L, and the quantitative limit reached 1.0 × 10^-13 g/L. Furthermore, biosensors were used to investigate the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. Schisandrin A is an excellent candidate to form a system with c-kit similar to SCF/c-kit with a detection constant (K_D) of 5.701 × 10^-11 mol/L, whereas it had no affinity for SCF. In addition, it also inhibited autophagy in oligoasthenospermia through antagonizing TRPV1 with a K_D of up to 4.181 × 10^-10 mol/L. In addition, in vivo and in vitro experiments were highly consistent with the biosensor. In summary, high-potency schisandrin A and two potential targets were identified, through which schisandrin A could reverse the apoptosis caused by excessive autophagy during oligoasthenospermia. Our study provides promising insights into the discovery of effective compounds and potential targets via a well-established in vitro-in vivo strategy.

Objective:To develop a diagnostic analysis software for determining the type of acid-base balance disorder.Methods:Mathematical models were built based on Henderson-Hasselbalch equations and compensation formulas, to determine the important parameters of acid-base balance disorder, and to develope acid-base balance disorder analysis process. The software was compiled using the Visual Basic.NET programming language, and the installation package was generated after debugging. Acid-base balance disorder cases were searched by PubMed, Wanfang and CNKI databases from 1980 to 2015, and the blood gas parameters [pH, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), HCO 3- and anion gap (AG)] and the types of acid-base imbalance (literature results) were recorded. All cases were reanalyzed by software and the type of acid-base balance disorder was determined (software diagnostic type). Kappa-test and McNemar-test were performed for the two diagnostic results. Results:The "four parameters-four steps" analysis method was used as the analysis process to judge the types of acid-base balance disorder. "Four parameters" included pH, PaCO 2, HCO 3- and AG. "Four steps" were outlined by following aspects:①according to the pH, combined with PaCO 2 and HCO 3-, the primary types of acid-base balance disorder was determined; ② according to the compensation situation, double mixed acid-base balance disorder (DABD) was determined; ③according to AG value, three mixed acid-base disorders (TABD) were determined; ④ the ratio of ΔAG↑/ΔHCO 3-↓ was also calculated to determine whether there was normal AG metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. The software had the characteristics of simple interface, convenient operation, rapid judgment, and comprehensive analysis. It could judge all acid-base balance disorder types excepted "AG normal metabolic acidosis combined metabolic alkalosis". The software was used to reanalyze 112 cases of acid-base balance disorder reported in the literature, with a consistent rate of 87.50% and better consistency of the diagnostic results (Kappa test: κ = 0.84, P < 0.01; McNemar test: χ2 = 0.87, P = 0.65). Conclusion:The software can be used as an important tool to judge the type of acid-base balance disorder, and provide clinicians with diagnostic reference, which have practical value and application prospect.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) is significantly hindering effective cancer chemotherapy. However, currently, no ABCB1-inhibitory drugs have been approved to treat MDR cancer clinically, mainly due to the inhibitor specificity, toxicity, and drug interactions. Here, we reported that three polyoxypregnanes (POPs) as the most abundant constituents of

Objective::This survey was designed to understand the misconceptions about labor epidurals.Methods::This voluntary and anonymous online survey on wenjuan.com was conducted from September 1 st, 2015 to January 1 st, 2016 via mainly WeChat groups dedicated to perinatal healthcare providers in China. The questionnaire included items inquiring the knowledge and opinions about labor epidural analgesia related to maternal complications, baby safety, and effect on laboring. Incomplete surveys were excluded from the data analysis. The data was presented as percentages and a Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appreciate, was used to quantitatively compare the results. Results::A total of 1412 respondents completed surveys with 42.9% (606/1412) of them being anesthesiologists, 35.1% (495/1412) being obstetricians, 11.8% (167/1412) being midwives, 3.7% (52/1412) being labor and delivery nurses, and 6.5% (92/1412) being hospital administrators and unspecified. The study revealed a lack of knowledge in labor pain control. Although 82.4% (1164/1412) of respondents were familiar with labor epidural analgesia, 8.9% (126/1412) did not know how it works, and 1.1% (15/1412) never heard it in a multiple-choice question. The three main groups (anesthesiologists, obstetricians, and midwives/labor and delivery nurses) were chosen for comparisons. Opinions among these three groups concerning five questions in the three main concerns were evaluated using a statistical significance of P<0.05. Conclusion::The results in our survey indicated an urgent need of continuing medical education to multidisciplinary specialties to improve evidence-based medical practices as these misconceptions have existed for over 10 years in the medical professionals. Lack of public awareness fueled by misconceptions related to labor epidural analgesia may be associated with a lack of professional knowledge. Correct knowledge in professionals needs to be disseminated to the public in order to dispel possible misconceptions and rumors about labor epidural analgesia. This would not only enhance patient understanding of their care but also improve maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

Objective::This survey was designed to understand the misconceptions about labor epidurals.Methods::This voluntary and anonymous online survey on wenjuan.com was conducted from September 1 st, 2015 to January 1 st, 2016 via mainly WeChat groups dedicated to perinatal healthcare providers in China. The questionnaire included items inquiring the knowledge and opinions about labor epidural analgesia related to maternal complications, baby safety, and effect on laboring. Incomplete surveys were excluded from the data analysis. The data was presented as percentages and a Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appreciate, was used to quantitatively compare the results. Results::A total of 1412 respondents completed surveys with 42.9% (606/1412) of them being anesthesiologists, 35.1% (495/1412) being obstetricians, 11.8% (167/1412) being midwives, 3.7% (52/1412) being labor and delivery nurses, and 6.5% (92/1412) being hospital administrators and unspecified. The study revealed a lack of knowledge in labor pain control. Although 82.4% (1164/1412) of respondents were familiar with labor epidural analgesia, 8.9% (126/1412) did not know how it works, and 1.1% (15/1412) never heard it in a multiple-choice question. The three main groups (anesthesiologists, obstetricians, and midwives/labor and delivery nurses) were chosen for comparisons. Opinions among these three groups concerning five questions in the three main concerns were evaluated using a statistical significance of P<0.05. Conclusion::The results in our survey indicated an urgent need of continuing medical education to multidisciplinary specialties to improve evidence-based medical practices as these misconceptions have existed for over 10 years in the medical professionals. Lack of public awareness fueled by misconceptions related to labor epidural analgesia may be associated with a lack of professional knowledge. Correct knowledge in professionals needs to be disseminated to the public in order to dispel possible misconceptions and rumors about labor epidural analgesia. This would not only enhance patient understanding of their care but also improve maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the effects of plasma treatment on the surface element,wettability and adhesion properties of aged denture base resin.Methods:42 pieces of 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm and 100 cubes of 8 mm × 10 mm × 30 mm polymethyl methacrylate specimens were prepared and thermocycled at 5-55 ℃ for 5 000 cycles.40 pieces were used for surface contact angle measurement and 2 for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.The 100 cubes were randomly divided into 5 groups:Control(A) and 4 experimental groups in which the samples were exposed to plasma for 1 min (B),2 min (C),3 min (D) and 4 min (E) (n =20) respectively.After plasma treatment,silicone-based soft liner (3 mm) was packed against 2 resin cubes.Thus,50 tensile test specimens were obtained(n =10),and the tensile bond strength was tested by a universal testing machine.Results:The contact angle (°) of group A,B,C,D,E was 63.60 ± 10.81,46.79 ± 5.08,44.13 ± 4.17,40.11 ± 6.01 and 41.03 ± 8.61 respectively (A vs B,C,D or E,P ＜ 0.05).After plasma treatment,the contents of O =C-O and C-O in the samples were increased from 14.17％ and 20.58％ to 18.32％ and 29.32％,respectively.The tensile bond strength(MPa) of group A,B,C,D and E was 0.884 ±0.130,1.281 ±0.086,1.419 ±0.103,1.871 ± 0.248 and 1.904 ± 0.223 respectively (A vs B,C,D or E,P ＜ 0.05;B or C vs D or E,P ＜ 0.05;B vs C,P ＞ 0.05;D vs E,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:Plasma treatment can improve the wettability and adhesion properties of aged denture base resin.

Objective To establish the standardization process of acid-base balance analysis, analyze cases of acid-base balance disorder with the aid of acid-base balance coordinate graph.Methods The acid-base balance theory were reviewed systematically on recent research progress, and the important concepts, definitions, formulas, parameters, regularity and inference in the analysis of acid-base balance were studied. The analysis of acid-base balance disordered processes and steps were figured. The application of acid-base balance coordinate graph in the cases was introduced.Results The method of four parameters-four steps analysis was put forward to analyze the acid-base balance disorders completely. Four parameters included pH, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), HCO3- and anion gap (AG). Four steps were outlined by following aspects: ① according to the pH, PaCO2 and HCO3-, the primary or main types of acid-base balance disorder was determined; ② primary or main types of acid-base disorder were used to choose the appropriate compensation formula and to determine the presence of double mixed acid-base balance disorder; ③ the primary acid-base balance disorders were divided into two parts: respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis, at the same time, the potential HCO3- should be calculated, the measured HCO3- should be replaced with potential HCO3-, to determine whether there were three mixed acid-base disorders; ④ based on the above analysis the data judged as the simple AG increased-metabolic acidosis was needed to be further analyzed. The ratio of ΔAG↑/ΔHCO3-↓ was also needed to be calculated, to determine whether there was normal AG metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. In the clinical practice, PaCO2 (as the abscissa) and HCO3- (as the ordinate) were used to establish a rectangular coordinate system, through origin (0, 0) and coordinate point (40, 24) could be a straight line, and all points on the straight line pH were equal to 7.40. The acid-base balance coordinate graph could be divided into seven areas by three straight lines [namely pH = 7.40 isoline, PaCO2 = 40 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) line and HCO3- = 24 mmol/L line]: main respiratory alkalosis area, main metabolic alkalosis area, respiratory+ metabolic alkalosis area, main respiratory acidosis area, main metabolic acidosis area, respiratory+ metabolic acidosis area and normal area. It was easier to determine the type of acid-base balance disorders by identifying the location of the (PaCO2, HCO3-) or (PaCO2, potential HCO3-) point on the acid-base balance coordinate graph.Conclusions Four parameters-four steps method is systematic and comprehensive. At the same time, by using the acid-base balance coordinate graph, it is simpler to estimate the types of acid-base balance disorders. It is worthy of popularizing and generalizing.