Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.

Under stress,the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRP)is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently released outside the cell.Extracellular CIRP(eCIRP),acting as a damage-associated mo-lecular pattern,amplifies inflammation through various mechanisms and leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response,thereby contributing to the occurrence and progression of sepsis and other critical pathological processes.Certain CIRP-tar-geting drugs have demonstrated promising anti-sepsis effects through the reduction of CIRP expression,the decrease of eCIRP release,the neutralization of eCIRP,or the intervention in receptor binding.This review examines the release mechanism of CIRP and the role of eCIRP in the development of sepsis,with the aim of providing new insights for the pre-vention and treatment of sepsis by targeting eCIRP.

Following hemorrhagic shock,locally released chemotactic molecules attract neutrophils to rapidly migrate to the damaged tissues,while effectively bind,engulf and kill microorganisms,along with chromatin releasing and forming a substance deco-rated with a meshwork of microbicidal proteins and enzymes,a DNA-protein structure named neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).The formation and degradation of NETs are regulated by multiple factors,and an imbalance in the formation and degradation of NETs plays a role in cellular damage and the aggregation of inflammatory factors,which is one of the main mechanisms of uncontrolled in-flammatory response and further aggravates organ damage.Studies have shown that NETs are involved in the process of hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage,but the relevant mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.In this paper,we review the role of NETs in organ damage after hemorrhagic shock and the related mechanisms,and in order to understand the role of NETs and provide a refer-ence for new targets for the prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

Internal carotid artery(ICA)occlusion is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke.Endovascular treatment is one of the main surgical methods for symptomatic non-acute ICA occlusion.However,how to optimize the surgical strategy to improve the success rate of recanalization of occluded vessels require further exploration.The authors reported a case of subacute ICA occlusion treated with endovascular treatment.During the operation,intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)was used for high-resolution and precise assessment of the lumen morphology,plaque characteristics and vessel wall structure in the occluded segment.The surgical strategy was individualized,ultimately achieving successful recanalization of the occluded vessel.Combined with literature review of the clinical characteristics of subacute ICA occlusion and the application of IVUS in this type of lesion,in order to provide reference and inspiration for further optimization of interventional surgical strategies.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in patients with glioma and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 98 patients with glioma who were treated in this hospital from October 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the monitored group,and 101 healthy indi-viduals who underwent physical examinations a the same time were selected as the control group.Quantitative fluorescent PCR(qPCR)method was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in serum,and multivariate COX regression was applied to analyze the prognostic factors of glioma patients.Re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under curve(AUC)were used to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in glioma.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the re-lationship between serum miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p expression and prognosis of patients.Results The ex-pression level of serum miR-186-5p in monitored group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and the expression level of miR-942-5p was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The AUC of ser-um miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in the diagnosis of glioma alone and in combination were 0.735,0.809 and 0.895,respectively.There were significant differences in the proportion of low miR-186-5p expression and high miR-942-5p expression in serum of patients with different preoperative Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scores,World Health Organization(WHO)grades and local infiltration(P＜0.05).The 2-year surviv-al rate of patients with high expression of miR-186-5p was higher than that of patients with low expression of miR-186-5p(x2=6.455,P=0.011).The 2-year survival rate of patients with high miR-942-5p expression was lower than that of patients with low miR-942-5p expression(x2=9.858,P=0.002).miR-186-5p was a protective factor for mortality in glioma patients(P＜0.05),while miR-942-5p was a risk factor(P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum miR-186-5p expression level decreases and miR-942-5p expression level increases in glioma patients,both of which have certain diagnostic value for the occurrence of glioma.

Objective To evaluate the quality of ketoconazole lotion produced by different domestic companies.Methods Legal standards and exploratory research were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of 45 batches(40 batch numbers)of ketoconazole lotion for national drug sampling inspection in 2024,including related substances,antioxidant content,packaging oxygen permeability,in vitro permeation test,and viscosity,antibacterial efficacy,irritation,microstructure,etc.Results The legal standard inspection pass rate was 100.0%.Correlation analysis found that the main factors affecting the quality of this product are prescription technology and packaging.Conclusion It is recommended that manufacturers optimize the prescription process as soon as possible,and pay attention to choose suitable packaging materials,effectively improve the quality of ketoconazole lotion.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Qingda Granules(QDG)for alleviating brain damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Methods Twelve 5-week-old SHRs were randomized into SHR control group and SHR+QDG group treated with QDG by gavage at the daily dose of 0.9 g/kg for 12 weeks.The control rats,along with 6 age-matched WKY rats,were treated with saline only.Blood pressure changes of the rats were monitored,and pathologies and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex were examined with HE staining and TUNEL staining.Cerebral cortical expressions of miR-124 and STAT3 mRNA were detected using RT-qPCR,and the protein expressions of NeuN,STAT3,Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspase-3 were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.In a HT22 cell model of oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R),the effects of QDG on cell viability and apoptosis,expressions of miR-124 and STAT3 mRNA,and protein expressions of STAT3,Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated using CCK8 assay,Hoechst 33342 staining,RT-qPCR,and Western blotting.Results Compared with WKY rats,SHRs had significantly elevated systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure with significantly increased neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex,reduced expressions of NeuN,miR-124 and Bcl-2,and enhanced expressions of STAT3,Bax and cleaved caspase-3(P＜0.05).All these changes in the SHRs were significantly ameliorated by treatment with QDG(P＜0.05).In the HT22 cell model,QDG treatment obviously reduced OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis,increased the expressions of miR-124 and Bcl-2,and suppressed the elevation of protein expressions of STAT3,Bax and cleaved caspase-3.Conclusion QDG inhibits cerebral cortical neuronal apoptosis and thereby attenuates brain damage in SHR rats by modulating the miR-124/STAT3 signaling axis.

Following hemorrhagic shock,locally released chemotactic molecules attract neutrophils to rapidly migrate to the damaged tissues,while effectively bind,engulf and kill microorganisms,along with chromatin releasing and forming a substance deco-rated with a meshwork of microbicidal proteins and enzymes,a DNA-protein structure named neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).The formation and degradation of NETs are regulated by multiple factors,and an imbalance in the formation and degradation of NETs plays a role in cellular damage and the aggregation of inflammatory factors,which is one of the main mechanisms of uncontrolled in-flammatory response and further aggravates organ damage.Studies have shown that NETs are involved in the process of hemorrhagic shock-induced organ damage,but the relevant mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.In this paper,we review the role of NETs in organ damage after hemorrhagic shock and the related mechanisms,and in order to understand the role of NETs and provide a refer-ence for new targets for the prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic shock.

Internal carotid artery(ICA)occlusion is one of the main causes of ischemic stroke.Endovascular treatment is one of the main surgical methods for symptomatic non-acute ICA occlusion.However,how to optimize the surgical strategy to improve the success rate of recanalization of occluded vessels require further exploration.The authors reported a case of subacute ICA occlusion treated with endovascular treatment.During the operation,intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)was used for high-resolution and precise assessment of the lumen morphology,plaque characteristics and vessel wall structure in the occluded segment.The surgical strategy was individualized,ultimately achieving successful recanalization of the occluded vessel.Combined with literature review of the clinical characteristics of subacute ICA occlusion and the application of IVUS in this type of lesion,in order to provide reference and inspiration for further optimization of interventional surgical strategies.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma homocysteine(Hcy)levels and cognitive impairment(CI).Methods From November 2018 to January 2019,baseline data and cognitive function were collected from the participants aged≥40 years who lived in two villages in Huyi District,Xi'an,China.Their global cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and the diagnosis of cognitive impairment was based on international guidelines.Fasting blood was collected in the morning,and plasma Hcy level was measured by the chemiluminometric assay.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis,subgroup analysis,and interaction analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between plasma Hcy and CI.Results A total of 1 805 subjects were included in the analysis.There were 1 056 females(58.5％),age ranged from 40 to 88 years[mean(58.99±9.52)years],and 145 participants(8.0％)were diagnosed as CI.The median plasma Hcy level in the overall population was 14.1(11.6,17.8)μmol/L.There were 729(40.4％)subjects in the HHcy group(＞15.0 μmol/L)and 1 076(59.6％)in the normal group(≤15.0 μmol/L).Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of CI was higher in the HHcy group than in the normal Hcy group(11.4％vs.5.8％,P＜0.001).In multivariable Logistic regression fully adjusted for potential confounders,each 1 μmol/L increase in plasma Hcy level was associated with a 3.0％increased risk of CI(OR=1.030,95％CI:1.012-1.048,P=0.001).Interaction analysis indicated that sex,age,BMI,systolic blood pressure,history of stroke,and diabetes did not significantly modify this association.Conclusion Elevated plasma Hcy levels are associated with an increased risk of CI in people aged≥40 years.This indicates that HHcy may be a risk factor for CI.