Objective:To analyze the composition and diversity characteristics of facial microbial communities in patients with moderate acne.Methods:This prospective study enrolled 30 patients with moderate acne [12 males, 18 females; aged 21-30 (25.4±2.5) years] from the Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from March to July 2021. Thirty healthy controls [13 males, 17 females; aged 24-29 (25.2±1.4) years] were included during the same period. Facial skin swabs were collected from both groups. Total DNA was extracted, followed by PCR amplification, library preparation, and PE250 sequencing. After splicing, filtering, denoising, and chimera removal, amplicon sequence variants (ASV) feature tables and representative sequences were generated to compare microbial community differences between the two groups.Results:A total of 60 samples were sequenced, yielding 2 021 342 valid sequences. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were clustered into 8 379 ASV, with 589 ASV shared between the two groups, while 6 445 ASV were uniquely identified in healthy controls. At the phylum level, both groups showed similar dominant phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the acne group was predominantly colonized by Ralstonia (relative abundance 31.85%) and Staphylococcus (28.04%), while healthy controls exhibited more balanced distributions, primarily Staphylococcus (9.18%) and Enhydrobacter (7.37%). Alpha diversity analysis, Beta diversity analysis, and LefSe analysis revealed statistically significant differences in microbial communities between groups ( R2=0.157, P<0.001). The acne group showed lower microbial richness and evenness compared to healthy controls (both P<0.001). Conclusion:Patients with moderate acne exhibit microecological imbalance in facial microbial communities, characterized by reduced microbial richness and evenness.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in patients with glioma and their clinical significance.Methods A total of 98 patients with glioma who were treated in this hospital from October 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the monitored group,and 101 healthy indi-viduals who underwent physical examinations a the same time were selected as the control group.Quantitative fluorescent PCR(qPCR)method was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in serum,and multivariate COX regression was applied to analyze the prognostic factors of glioma patients.Re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under curve(AUC)were used to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in glioma.Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to analyze the re-lationship between serum miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p expression and prognosis of patients.Results The ex-pression level of serum miR-186-5p in monitored group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05),and the expression level of miR-942-5p was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The AUC of ser-um miR-186-5p and miR-942-5p in the diagnosis of glioma alone and in combination were 0.735,0.809 and 0.895,respectively.There were significant differences in the proportion of low miR-186-5p expression and high miR-942-5p expression in serum of patients with different preoperative Karnofsky performance status(KPS)scores,World Health Organization(WHO)grades and local infiltration(P＜0.05).The 2-year surviv-al rate of patients with high expression of miR-186-5p was higher than that of patients with low expression of miR-186-5p(x2=6.455,P=0.011).The 2-year survival rate of patients with high miR-942-5p expression was lower than that of patients with low miR-942-5p expression(x2=9.858,P=0.002).miR-186-5p was a protective factor for mortality in glioma patients(P＜0.05),while miR-942-5p was a risk factor(P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum miR-186-5p expression level decreases and miR-942-5p expression level increases in glioma patients,both of which have certain diagnostic value for the occurrence of glioma.

Objective To evaluate the quality of ketoconazole lotion produced by different domestic companies.Methods Legal standards and exploratory research were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of 45 batches(40 batch numbers)of ketoconazole lotion for national drug sampling inspection in 2024,including related substances,antioxidant content,packaging oxygen permeability,in vitro permeation test,and viscosity,antibacterial efficacy,irritation,microstructure,etc.Results The legal standard inspection pass rate was 100.0%.Correlation analysis found that the main factors affecting the quality of this product are prescription technology and packaging.Conclusion It is recommended that manufacturers optimize the prescription process as soon as possible,and pay attention to choose suitable packaging materials,effectively improve the quality of ketoconazole lotion.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.

Objective:To analyze the composition and diversity characteristics of facial microbial communities in patients with moderate acne.Methods:This prospective study enrolled 30 patients with moderate acne [12 males, 18 females; aged 21-30 (25.4±2.5) years] from the Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from March to July 2021. Thirty healthy controls [13 males, 17 females; aged 24-29 (25.2±1.4) years] were included during the same period. Facial skin swabs were collected from both groups. Total DNA was extracted, followed by PCR amplification, library preparation, and PE250 sequencing. After splicing, filtering, denoising, and chimera removal, amplicon sequence variants (ASV) feature tables and representative sequences were generated to compare microbial community differences between the two groups.Results:A total of 60 samples were sequenced, yielding 2 021 342 valid sequences. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were clustered into 8 379 ASV, with 589 ASV shared between the two groups, while 6 445 ASV were uniquely identified in healthy controls. At the phylum level, both groups showed similar dominant phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the acne group was predominantly colonized by Ralstonia (relative abundance 31.85%) and Staphylococcus (28.04%), while healthy controls exhibited more balanced distributions, primarily Staphylococcus (9.18%) and Enhydrobacter (7.37%). Alpha diversity analysis, Beta diversity analysis, and LefSe analysis revealed statistically significant differences in microbial communities between groups ( R2=0.157, P<0.001). The acne group showed lower microbial richness and evenness compared to healthy controls (both P<0.001). Conclusion:Patients with moderate acne exhibit microecological imbalance in facial microbial communities, characterized by reduced microbial richness and evenness.

Objective:To explore clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS).Methods:The study was a retrospective case-control design. The subjects were selected from patients who used novel antineoplastic drugs in Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2023. Clinical data of patients were collected through the hospital electronic medical record system. Adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were screened and the incidence was calculated. According to results of HIV antibody testing, adverse reaction incidence was compared between HIV antibody-negative and-positive patients. Then the patients with HIV/AIDS were divided into 2 groups according to whether adverse reactions occurred and the differences in clinical data between them were compared; the clinical manifestations, intervention and outcomes of adverse reactions were analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 182 patients were enrolled in this study, the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs was 56.6% (103/182), and the incidences in HIV antibody-positive and -negative patients were 55.9% (76/136) and 58.7% (27/46), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). In patients with HIV/AIDS, the proportions of patients over 50 years old [80.3% (61/76) vs. 63.3% (38/60)], with a history of previous adverse reactions [43.4% (33/76) vs. 23.3% (14/60)], and with other comorbidities [57.9% (44/76) vs. 40.0% (24/60)] in the adverse reactions group were higher than those in the non-adverse reactions group, and the differences were all statistical significance (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in gender, CD4 + T lymphocyte levels, HIV viral load, antiretroviral treatment regimens, and tumor types between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Adverse reactions occurred for 91 times in the 76 patients, 27 (29.7%) of which were grade 1, 45 (49.4%) were grade 2, and 19 (20.9%) were grade 3 or severer. According to clinical characteristics, there were 209 performances of adverse reactions in 76 patients, mainly including hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, hypertension, rash, etc., with the main affected system and organs being the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system. The involved drugs mainly were anlotinib (44 cases, 21.0%), lenvatinib (29 cases, 13.9%), and bevacizumab (23 cases, 11.0%). After drug adjustments and symptomatic treatments, 80 times of adverse reactions were eventually improved, 4 were not, and 3 were with unknown information. Conclusions:The incidences of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were similar between patients with and without HIV/AIDS. In HIV/AIDS patients with tumors, those over 50 years old, with other diseases, and with a history of adverse reactions might have higher risks of adverse reactions, which mainly involved the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system, with a severity of mostly grade 1 to 2. With timely managements, the prognosis was favorable.

Objective:To explore clinical characteristics of adverse drug reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS).Methods:The study was a retrospective case-control design. The subjects were selected from patients who used novel antineoplastic drugs in Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2023. Clinical data of patients were collected through the hospital electronic medical record system. Adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were screened and the incidence was calculated. According to results of HIV antibody testing, adverse reaction incidence was compared between HIV antibody-negative and-positive patients. Then the patients with HIV/AIDS were divided into 2 groups according to whether adverse reactions occurred and the differences in clinical data between them were compared; the clinical manifestations, intervention and outcomes of adverse reactions were analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 182 patients were enrolled in this study, the overall incidence rate of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs was 56.6% (103/182), and the incidences in HIV antibody-positive and -negative patients were 55.9% (76/136) and 58.7% (27/46), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). In patients with HIV/AIDS, the proportions of patients over 50 years old [80.3% (61/76) vs. 63.3% (38/60)], with a history of previous adverse reactions [43.4% (33/76) vs. 23.3% (14/60)], and with other comorbidities [57.9% (44/76) vs. 40.0% (24/60)] in the adverse reactions group were higher than those in the non-adverse reactions group, and the differences were all statistical significance (all P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in gender, CD4 + T lymphocyte levels, HIV viral load, antiretroviral treatment regimens, and tumor types between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Adverse reactions occurred for 91 times in the 76 patients, 27 (29.7%) of which were grade 1, 45 (49.4%) were grade 2, and 19 (20.9%) were grade 3 or severer. According to clinical characteristics, there were 209 performances of adverse reactions in 76 patients, mainly including hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, hypertension, rash, etc., with the main affected system and organs being the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system. The involved drugs mainly were anlotinib (44 cases, 21.0%), lenvatinib (29 cases, 13.9%), and bevacizumab (23 cases, 11.0%). After drug adjustments and symptomatic treatments, 80 times of adverse reactions were eventually improved, 4 were not, and 3 were with unknown information. Conclusions:The incidences of adverse reactions of novel antineoplastic drugs were similar between patients with and without HIV/AIDS. In HIV/AIDS patients with tumors, those over 50 years old, with other diseases, and with a history of adverse reactions might have higher risks of adverse reactions, which mainly involved the skin and its appendages and the gastrointestinal system, with a severity of mostly grade 1 to 2. With timely managements, the prognosis was favorable.

Objective:To investigate the distribution of CGG repeat numbers in the FMR1 gene among reproductive-age women in China, providing data reference for carrier screening and genetic counseling of Fragile X syndrome. Methods:This cross-sectional study recruited 16 610 reproductive-age women from 12 medical institutions between July 2022 and October 2023. Peripheral venous blood samples (3 mL) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The number of CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene was determined using the triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction (TP-PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis technology. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the prevalence and distribution of CGG repeat expansions. Results:Among 16 610 women of childbearing age, 5 684 (34.220%) women had the same number of CGG repeats in the two alleles of FMR1 gene, and 10 926 (65.780%) women had different numbers of repeats in the two alleles. Among the 33 220 FMR1 alleles in 16 610 women of reproductive age, the most common CGG repeat numbers were 29 [48.645% (16 160/33 220)] and 30 [26.276% (8 729/33 220)], while the most frequent CGG genotype was CGG 29/29 [24.726% (4 107/16 610)]. The CGG repeat numbers of FMR1 gene were normal in 16 498 women (99.326%). Among the 112 women (0.674%) with CGG repeat abnormities, 96 (0.578%) women were classified as intermediate carriers, 15 (0.090%) as premutation carriers, and 1 (0.006%) as a full mutation carrier, whose CGG genotype was (36, >200). Conclusion:In the general reproductive-age female population in China, the normal CGG repeat numbers of the FMR1 gene account for 99.326%, while the intermediate carrier rate is 0.578%, and the combined carrier rate of the premutation and full mutation types is 0.096%.

Objective To evaluate the quality of ketoconazole lotion produced by different domestic companies.Methods Legal standards and exploratory research were used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of 45 batches(40 batch numbers)of ketoconazole lotion for national drug sampling inspection in 2024,including related substances,antioxidant content,packaging oxygen permeability,in vitro permeation test,and viscosity,antibacterial efficacy,irritation,microstructure,etc.Results The legal standard inspection pass rate was 100.0%.Correlation analysis found that the main factors affecting the quality of this product are prescription technology and packaging.Conclusion It is recommended that manufacturers optimize the prescription process as soon as possible,and pay attention to choose suitable packaging materials,effectively improve the quality of ketoconazole lotion.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and mutation spectrum of monogenic diseases in Chinese population through a large-scale,multicenter carrier screening.Methods This study was conducted among a total of 33 104 participants(16 610 females)from 12 clinical centers across China.Carrier status for 223 genes was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing and different PCR methods.Results The overall combined carrier frequency was 55.58%for 197 autosomal genes and 1.84%for 26 X-linked genes in these participants.Among the 16 669 families,874 at-risk couples(5.24%)were identified.Specifically,584 couples(3.50%)were at risk for autosomal genes,306(1.84%)for X-linked genes,and 16 for both autosomal and X-linked genes.The most frequently detected autosomal at-risk genes included GJB2(autosomal recessive deafness type 1A,393 couples),HBA1/HBA2(α-thalassemia,36 couples),PAH(phenylketonuria,14 couples),and SMN1(spinal muscular atrophy,14 couples).The most frequently detected X-linked at-risk genes were G6PD(G6PD deficiency,236 couples),DMD(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,23 couples),and FMR1(fragile X syndrome,17 couples).After excluding GJB2 c.109G>A,the detection rate of at-risk couples was 3.91%(651/16 669),which was lowered to 1.72%(287/16 669)after further excluding G6PD.The theoretical incidence rate of severe monogenic birth defects was approximately 4.35‰(72.5/16 669).Screening for a battery of the top 22 most frequent genes in the at-risk couples could detect over 95%of at-risk couples,while screening for the top 54 genes further increased the detection rate to over 99%.Conclusion This study reveals the carrier frequencies of 223 monogenic genetic disorders in the Chinese population and provides evidence for carrier screening strategy development and panel design tailored to the Chinese population.In carrier testing,genetic counseling for specific genes or gene variants can be challenging,and the couples need to be informed of these difficulties before testing and provided with options for not screening these genes or gene variants.