Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Zhi Long Huoxue Tongyu Capsules combined with Edaravone in the treatment of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD)of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,and to explore their effect on serum levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand(sCD40L),lipoprotein phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2),and glycated albumin(GA).Methods A total of 117 patients with ICVD of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into control group 1,control group 2,and study group,with 39 patients in each group.The three groups were all given basic treatment with agents of diuretic,lipid regulation,antiplatelet,and antihypertensive,and additionally,control group 1 was given Edaravone,control group 2 was given Zhi Long Huoxue Tongyu Capsules,and the study group was given Zhi Long Huoxue Tongyu Capsules combined with Edaravone.The course of treatment for the three groups covered 14 days.Before and after treatment,the three groups were observed in the changes of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores for neurological function,modified Barthel Index(MBI)scores for activities of daily living(ADL),cerebral hemodynamics indicators[peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),mean velocity(Vm),pulsatility index(PI),and resistance index(RI)],neurofactors[neuron-specific enolase(NSE),S100β protein(S100β),and myelin basic protein(MBP)],vascular endothelial function indicators[von Willebrand factor(VWF),endothelin 1(ET-1),and nitric oxide(NO)],and levels of serum sCD40L,Lp-PLA2,and GA.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups of patients were compared.Results(1)After 14 days of treatment,the total effective rate of the study group was 94.87%(37/39),which was significantly higher than that of control group 1[71.79%(28/39)]and control group 2[76.92%(30/39)],the differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was shown between control group 1 and control group 2(P>0.05).(2)After treatment,the cerebral hemodynamics indicators of PSV,EDV,Vm,and PI of the middle cerebral artery(MCA)in the three groups were increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the RI was decreased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05).The increase of PSV,EDV,Vm,and PI of the MCA and the decrease of RI in the study group were significantly superior to those in control group 1 and control group 2(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences in PSV,EDV,Vm,PI,and RI of MCA were shown between control group 1 and control group 2 after treatment(P>0.05).(3)After treatment,the serum sCD40L,Lp-PLA2,and GA levels in the three groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the study group was significantly superior to that in control group 1 and control group 2(P<0.05).However,the differences of the serum levels after treatment between control group 1 and control group 2 were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum levels of neurofactors of NSE,S100β,and MBP in the three groups were all decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease of the serum levels in the study group was significantly superior to that in control group 1 and control group 2,while the differences of the serum levels after treatment between control group 1 and control group 2 were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(5)After treatment,the vascular endothelial function indicators of serum vWF and ET-1 levels in the three groups were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the serum NO level was increased compared with that before treatment(P<0.05).The decrease of serum vWF and ET-1 levels and the increase of serum NO level in the study group were significantly superior to those in control group-1 and control group-2(P<0.05),while the difference of serum vWF,ET-1 and NO levels after treatment between control group 1 and control group 2 were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(6)After treatment,the NIHSS scores for neurological function in the three groups were decreased(P<0.05)and the MBI scores for ADL were increased(P<0.05)compared with those before treatment,and the decrease of the NIHSS scores and the increase of the MBI scores in the study group was significantly superior to those in control group 1 and control group 2(P<0.05),while and the differences of NIHSS and MBI scores after treatment between control group 1 and control group 2 were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(7)The incidence rate of adverse reactions was 15.38%(6/39)in the study group,7.69%(3/39)in the control group 1,and 12.82%(5/39)in the control group 2,and the pairwise comparison between groups showed that the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Zhi Long Huoxue Tongyu Capsules combined with Edaravone exert certain efficacy in the treatment of patients with ICVD of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,and the combined therapy is effective on improving blood circulation,restoring neurological function,enhancing the ADL,with higher safety.Its therapeutic mechanism may be related to the improvement of the vascular endothelial function,and the down-regulation of serum levels of neurofactors of NSE,S100 β,MBP,and serum expression levels of sCD40L,Lp-PLA2,and GA.

Objective To explore the effect of Sanshen Shuxin Decoction combined with Huan-gqi Injection in the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)and its impacts on left ventricular function and Rho kinase(ROCK)expression.Methods A total of 120 CHD patients admitted to our hospital from August 2021 to August 2023 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into three groups,with 40 patients in each group using a random number table method.All three groups received basic treatment.On this basis,control group 1 received Sanshen Shuxin Decoction,control group 2 received Huangqi Injection,and the combined group received both Sanshen Shuxin Decoction and Huangqi Injection.The treatment effects,occurrence of angina pectoris,hemorheo-logical parameters[fibrinogen(FIB),low-shear blood viscosity,erythrocyte aggregation index,high-shear blood viscosity],blood lipid indicators[total cholesterol(TG),triglycerides(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)],car-diac function[stroke volume(SV),cardiac output(CO),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)],ROCK activity,and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the combined group was higher than that in control group 1 and control group 2(P＜0.05).After 14 days of treatment,the frequency of angina pectoris episodes decreased and the duration of episodes shortened in all three groups compared with before treatment,and the combined group had a lower frequency and shorter duration of angina pec-toris episodes than control group 1 and control group 2(P＜0.05).There were no statistically sig-nificant differences in the frequency and duration of angina pectoris episodes between control group 1 and control group 2 after 14 days of treatment(P＞0.05).After 14 days of treatment,FIB level,e-rythrocyte aggregation index,low-shear blood viscosity,and high-shear blood viscosity decreased in all three groups compared with before treatment,and the combined group had lower values than con-trol group 1 and control group 2(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in these hemorheological parameters between control group 1 and control group 2 after 14 days of treat-ment(P＞0.05).After 14 days of treatment,TG,TC,and LDL-C levels decreased in all three groups compared with before treatment,and the combined group had lower levels than control group 1 and control group 2.HDL-C levels increased in all three groups compared with before treatment,and the combined group had higher HDL-C level than control group 1 and control group 2(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in TG,TC,LDL-C,and HDL-C levels be-tween control group 1 and control group 2 after 14 days of treatment(P＞0.05).After 14 days of treatment,LVEF,CO,and SV increased in all three groups compared with before treatment,and the combined group had higher values than control group 1 and control group 2(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in LVEF,CO,and SV between control group 1 and con-trol group 2 after 14 days of treatment(P＞0.05).Before treatment,ROCK activity was(61.28±7.15)％in the combined group,(60.85±5.93)％in control group 1,and(60.61±6.27)％in control group 2,with no statistically significant difference among the three groups(P＞0.05).After 14 days of treatment,ROCK activity decreased in all three groups compared with before treatment,and the combined group had lower ROCK activity than control group 1 and control group 2(P＜0.05).ROCK activity was(40.18±5.03)％in the combined group,(48.24±6.29)％in con-trol group 1,and(47.79±6.12)％in control group 2 after 14 days of treatment.There was no sta-tistically significant difference in ROCK activity between control group 1 and control group 2 after 14 days of treatment(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Sanshen Shuxin Decoction combined with Huangqi Injection has a significant effect in the treatment of CHD patients.It can im-prove patients'prognosis and ensure treatment safety,demonstrating high clinical value.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mast cell-derived chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) on the migration of CD8 + T cells from vitiligo patients under oxidative stress conditions. Methods:From January 2017 to January 2023, 10 patients with progressive segmental vitiligo, 10 patients with non-segmental vitiligo, and 10 healthy individuals were collected from the Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital. Skin tissue samples were obtained from the lesions of vitiligo patients and from the normal skin of healthy individuals, with sampling sites including the face, neck, and upper extremities, and toluidine blue staining was performed to analyze the characteristics of mast cells infiltrating the skin lesions. The effect of H 2O 2 treatment on mast cells was investigated in Transwell chambers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from vitiligo patients were added to the upper chamber, while the human mast cell line LAD2 was added to the lower chamber and divided into 4 groups to receive different treatments: untreated group receiving no special treatment, H 2O 2 group pretreated with H 2O 2, H 2O 2 + neutralization antibody group pretreated with H 2O 2 followed by the treatment with CCL5/RANTES-neutralizing antibodies, and H 2O 2 + PF group pretreated with H 2O 2 followed by the treatment with a Janus kinase 3/non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase selective inhibitor PF-06651600. After 6 hours of co-incubation, cell suspensions were collected from the lower chamber. The number of CD8 + T cells was counted using flow cytometry, and the CCL5 level in the cell culture supernatant was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences among groups, and least significant difference- t test was used for multiple comparisons. Pearson correlation analysis was performed for correlation analysis. Results:In the 200 × magnification field, the numbers of infiltrating mast cells significantly differed among segmental vitiligo lesions, non-segmental vitiligo lesions, and normal skin tissues (15.7 ± 3.3, 20.9 ± 3.9, 7.2 ± 2.9, respectively; F = 8.07, P = 0.002) ; additionally, the number of infiltrating mast cells was significantly higher in the segmental or non-segmental vitiligo lesions than in the normal skin tissues (LSD- t = 3.50, 5.70, P = 0.047, 0.001, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the segmental and non-segmental vitiligo lesions (LSD- t = 2.20, P = 0.293). A significant positive correlation was observed between the number of infiltrating mast cells and that of CD8 + T cells in the vitiligo lesions ( r = 0.82, P = 0.004). The numbers of CD8 + T cells and CCL5 levels significantly differed among the untreated group, H 2O 2 group, H 2O 2 + neutralization antibody group, and H 2O 2 + PF group (CD8 + T cells: 197.0 ± 45.9, 580.4 ± 62.6, 296.0 ± 43.2, 398.6 ± 62.8, respectively; CCL5: 2.2 ± 0.6 pg/ml, 9.9 ± 1.3 pg/ml, 3.4 ± 0.4 pg/ml, 6.33 ± 0.7 pg/ml, respectively; F = 11.03, 17.77, respectively, both P < 0.001) ; additionally, the H 2O 2 group showed significantly increased numbers of CD8 + T cells and CCL5 levels compared with the untreated group, H 2O 2 + neutralization antibody group, and H 2O 2 + PF group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Mast cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo under oxidative stress, and mast cell-derived CCL5 appears to contribute to the occurrence and development of vitiligo by affecting CD8 + T cell migration.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, therapy, and prognosis of Susac syndrome and enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case summary was made.The clinical data of two siblings with Susac syndrome treated at Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital in January 2024 were summarized.Reported cases of pediatric Susac syndrome were reviewed.Results:The onset of the disease in the two siblings was at the age of 3.00 and 6.75 years, with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss and encephalopathy symptoms.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral microbleeding and microinfarction lesions, " snowball like" in the corpus callosum and diffuse white matter edema in the brain.Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss.In one case, ophthalmic fluorescein angiography revealed ischemic changes due to branch retinal artery occlusions.No pathogenic variants were detected in gene testing.This child was diagnosed with Susac syndrome, and the symptoms were improved after treatment with Corticosteroids and Rituximab.No relapse was observed during the 9-month follow-up.A total of 20 pediatric cases of Susac syndrome were retrieved, including 18 reported previously and 2 cases from this study.There were 2 boys and 18 girls, with the age of onset ranging from 2.5 to 17.0 years.The common initial symptoms included headache (19 cases), vertigo and tinnitus or hearing loss (9 cases), and vision impairment or visual field defect (4 cases). The symptoms were improved after immunotherapy.Conclusions:With a low incidence, Susac syndrome is rare in children and difficult to diagnose.There may be a genetic predisposition in such disease.Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can low the relapse and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mast cell-derived chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) on the migration of CD8 + T cells from vitiligo patients under oxidative stress conditions. Methods:From January 2017 to January 2023, 10 patients with progressive segmental vitiligo, 10 patients with non-segmental vitiligo, and 10 healthy individuals were collected from the Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital. Skin tissue samples were obtained from the lesions of vitiligo patients and from the normal skin of healthy individuals, with sampling sites including the face, neck, and upper extremities, and toluidine blue staining was performed to analyze the characteristics of mast cells infiltrating the skin lesions. The effect of H 2O 2 treatment on mast cells was investigated in Transwell chambers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from vitiligo patients were added to the upper chamber, while the human mast cell line LAD2 was added to the lower chamber and divided into 4 groups to receive different treatments: untreated group receiving no special treatment, H 2O 2 group pretreated with H 2O 2, H 2O 2 + neutralization antibody group pretreated with H 2O 2 followed by the treatment with CCL5/RANTES-neutralizing antibodies, and H 2O 2 + PF group pretreated with H 2O 2 followed by the treatment with a Janus kinase 3/non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase selective inhibitor PF-06651600. After 6 hours of co-incubation, cell suspensions were collected from the lower chamber. The number of CD8 + T cells was counted using flow cytometry, and the CCL5 level in the cell culture supernatant was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze differences among groups, and least significant difference- t test was used for multiple comparisons. Pearson correlation analysis was performed for correlation analysis. Results:In the 200 × magnification field, the numbers of infiltrating mast cells significantly differed among segmental vitiligo lesions, non-segmental vitiligo lesions, and normal skin tissues (15.7 ± 3.3, 20.9 ± 3.9, 7.2 ± 2.9, respectively; F = 8.07, P = 0.002) ; additionally, the number of infiltrating mast cells was significantly higher in the segmental or non-segmental vitiligo lesions than in the normal skin tissues (LSD- t = 3.50, 5.70, P = 0.047, 0.001, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the segmental and non-segmental vitiligo lesions (LSD- t = 2.20, P = 0.293). A significant positive correlation was observed between the number of infiltrating mast cells and that of CD8 + T cells in the vitiligo lesions ( r = 0.82, P = 0.004). The numbers of CD8 + T cells and CCL5 levels significantly differed among the untreated group, H 2O 2 group, H 2O 2 + neutralization antibody group, and H 2O 2 + PF group (CD8 + T cells: 197.0 ± 45.9, 580.4 ± 62.6, 296.0 ± 43.2, 398.6 ± 62.8, respectively; CCL5: 2.2 ± 0.6 pg/ml, 9.9 ± 1.3 pg/ml, 3.4 ± 0.4 pg/ml, 6.33 ± 0.7 pg/ml, respectively; F = 11.03, 17.77, respectively, both P < 0.001) ; additionally, the H 2O 2 group showed significantly increased numbers of CD8 + T cells and CCL5 levels compared with the untreated group, H 2O 2 + neutralization antibody group, and H 2O 2 + PF group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Mast cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo under oxidative stress, and mast cell-derived CCL5 appears to contribute to the occurrence and development of vitiligo by affecting CD8 + T cell migration.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, therapy, and prognosis of Susac syndrome and enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case summary was made.The clinical data of two siblings with Susac syndrome treated at Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital in January 2024 were summarized.Reported cases of pediatric Susac syndrome were reviewed.Results:The onset of the disease in the two siblings was at the age of 3.00 and 6.75 years, with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss and encephalopathy symptoms.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral microbleeding and microinfarction lesions, " snowball like" in the corpus callosum and diffuse white matter edema in the brain.Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss.In one case, ophthalmic fluorescein angiography revealed ischemic changes due to branch retinal artery occlusions.No pathogenic variants were detected in gene testing.This child was diagnosed with Susac syndrome, and the symptoms were improved after treatment with Corticosteroids and Rituximab.No relapse was observed during the 9-month follow-up.A total of 20 pediatric cases of Susac syndrome were retrieved, including 18 reported previously and 2 cases from this study.There were 2 boys and 18 girls, with the age of onset ranging from 2.5 to 17.0 years.The common initial symptoms included headache (19 cases), vertigo and tinnitus or hearing loss (9 cases), and vision impairment or visual field defect (4 cases). The symptoms were improved after immunotherapy.Conclusions:With a low incidence, Susac syndrome is rare in children and difficult to diagnose.There may be a genetic predisposition in such disease.Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can low the relapse and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis in children, which is defined in TCM terms as a syndrome of phlegm-heat obstructing the lung.Methods:This was a block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial.From January 2022 to September 2023, 359 children aged 3 to 7 years old diagnosed as acute bronchitis (lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome) were enrolled from 21 participating hospitals and randomly assigned to the experimental group and placebo group in a 3︰1 ratio, and respectively treated with Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules and its matching placebo.Cough resolution/general resolution rate after 7 days of treatment was used as the primary efficacy outcome for both groups.Results:(1)On the seventh day of treatment, the rate of cough disappearance/basically disappearance in the experimental group and placebo group were 73.95% and 57.61% retrospectively, which had statistically significance ( P=0.001).(2)After 7 days of treatment, the median duration of cough disappearance/basic disappearance were 5 days and 6 days in the two groups , with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.006).The area under the curve of cough symptom severity time was 7.20 ± 3.79 in the experimental group and 8.20±4.42 in the placebo group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.039).(3) After 7 days of treatment, the difference between TCM syndrome score and baseline was -16.0 (-20.0, -15.0) points in the experimental group and -15.0 (-18.0, -12.0) points in the placebo group, with significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.004).In the experimental group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 49.04%, 28.35%, 16.48% and 6.13% severally; and in the placebo group, the clinical control rate, the markedly effective rate, the effective rate and the ineffective rate were 38.04%, 26.09%, 29.35%, and 6.52% separately, which had statistically significant ( P=0.014).(4) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events or adverse reactions during the trial between both groups.Moreover, while adverse reactions in the form of vomiting and diarrhea were occasionally reported, no serious drug-related adverse event or adverse reaction was reported.(5)The tested drug provided good treatment compliance, showing no statistically significant difference from the placebo in terms of compliance rate. Conclusions:Based on the above findings, it can be concluded that Xiao′er Huangjin Zhike Granules provides good safety, efficacy, and treatment compliance in the treatment of cough caused by acute bronchitis, and lung-obstructing phlegm-heat syndrome, in children.

Aural vertigo frequently encountered in the otolaryngology department of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mainly involves peripheral vestibular diseases of Western medicine， such as Meniere's disease， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo， vestibular neuritis， and vestibular migraine， being a hot research topic in both TCM and Western medicine. Western medical therapies alone have unsatisfactory effects on recurrent aural vertigo， aural vertigo affecting the quality of life， aural vertigo not relieved after surgery， aural vertigo with complex causes， and children's aural vertigo. The literature records and clinical practice have proven that TCM demonstrates unique advantages in the treatment of aural vertigo. The China Association of Chinese medicine sponsored the "17th youth salon on the diseases responding specifically to TCM： Aural vertigo" and invited vertigo experts of TCM and Western medicine to discuss the difficulties and advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo. The experts deeply discussed the achievements and contributions of TCM and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo， the control and mitigation of the symptoms， and the solutions to disease recurrence. The discussion clarified the positioning and advantages of TCM treatment and provided guidance for clinical and basic research on aural vertigo.

Objective:To explore expression patterns of transcription factor TFAP2B in epidermal melanocytes of healthy individuals and vitiligo patients.Methods:Lesional tissues were collected from 5 patients confirmedly diagnosed with progressive vitiligo at the Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022. At the same time, some discarded normal skin tissues were obtained from 5 gender- and age-matched healthy individuals after plastic surgeries. The immortalized healthy human epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG1, the vitiligo epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG3V, and primary human epidermal melanocytes, which were isolated from the discarded foreskin tissues of 3 healthy males after urological surgeries in Xijing Hospital, were cultured in vitro. Tissue immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the expression and localization of TFAP2B and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) in healthy skin tissues and vitiligo lesions, and cell immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the TFAP2B expression in human epidermal melanocytes. Comparisons between two groups were performed using t test, and correlation analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results:Tissue immunofluorescence assay showed that TFAP2B was specifically expressed in human epidermal melanocytes and localized in the nuclei. Western blot analysis showed that TFAP2B was strongly expressed in the human epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG1 and primary melanocytes, with the relative expression levels being 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.04, respectively. Tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of TFAP2B (623 917.5 ± 88 784.0) was significantly and positively correlated with that of DCT (2 232 655.3 ± 588 810.4; r = 0.91, P < 0.001) in human epidermal tissues from 5 healthy controls and 5 vitiligo patients. In addition, the relative fluorescence intensity of TFAP2B in epidermal melanocytes was significantly lower in the vitiligo lesions (0.12 ± 0.05) than in the healthy skin tissues (1, t = 19.35, P < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression level of TFAP2B was also significantly lower in the PIG3V cells (0.62 ± 0.09) than in the PIG1 cells (1, t = 5.92, P < 0.027) . Conclusions:TFAP2B was specifically and highly expressed in human epidermal melanocytes, and its expression level was significantly and positively correlated with that of the melanocyte marker DCT. Additionally, TFAP2B was obviously lowly expressed in the epidermal melanocytes of patients with vitiligo.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of fractional CO 2 laser combined with topical delivery of fluorouracil versus compound betamethasone injections in the treatment of vitiligo. Methods:Clinical data were collected from 94 patients with localized, non-segmental, and stable vitiligo, who received fractional CO 2 laser combined with drug delivery at the Cosmetological Center, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from October 2018 to May 2023, and were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, there were 40 cases in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection group, and 54 cases in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with compound betamethasone injection group. All the patients received the above treatment once a month for 5 sessions. A 4-level grading scale was used to evaluate the pigmentation improvement, and the clinical efficacy and safety of the two therapeutic regimens were compared. Comparisons between groups were performed using chi-square test, Fisher′s exact test, and t test. Results:In the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection group, there were 22 males and 18 females, their ages were 21.95 ± 12.88 years, and the disease duration was 25.46 ± 11.42 months; in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with compound betamethasone injection group, there were 36 males and 18 females, their ages were 22.26 ± 8.79 years, and the disease duration was 26.51 ± 12.81 months. One month after the first treatment, no significant difference was observed in the efficacy between the two groups ( χ2 = 1.39, P = 0.238). One month after the fifth treatment, 2 (5.0%) patients showed an excellent response, 4 (10.0%) showed a good response, 12 (30.0%) showed a mild response, and 22 (55.0%) showed a poor response in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection group; in the fractional CO 2 laser combined with compound betamethasone injection group, 8 (14.8%) patients showed a good response, 8 (14.8%) showed a mild response, and 38 (70.4%) showed a poor response; there was no significant difference in the efficacy between the two groups after 5 sessions of treatment ( χ2 = 2.35, P = 0.125). After either 1 or 5 sessions of treatment, there were no significant differences in the efficacy for lesions on the face and neck, trunk and limbs, hands and feet between the two therapeutic regimens (all P > 0.05). Comparisons of the efficacy for skin lesions on different body sites showed that one session of the fractional CO 2 laser combined with fluorouracil injection was more effective for the treatment of skin lesions on the face and neck compared with those on the hands and feet ( P = 0.039) ; after 5 sessions of treatment, the two therapeutic regimens both showed better efficacy for facial skin lesions compared with hand and foot skin lesions ( P = 0.005, 0.049). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions such as pigmentation, infection and scarring between the two groups. Conclusion:The fractional CO 2 laser combined with topical delivery of fluorouracil and compound betamethasone injections showed similar efficacy and safety in the treatment of vitiligo, and both can be used as treatment options for vitiligo.