Advanced atherosclerosis is the major global cause of death, as featured by the aggregation of apoptotic cells (ACs) in necrotic cores. The defective efferocytosis and dysfunctional cholesterol efflux of macrophages are the main reasons for forming necrotic cores in advanced atherosclerosis. In this study, we constructed self-assembled procyanidins (PC) NPs for loading pitavastatin (Pita). The designed HA@PC@Pita NPs with hyaluronic acid (HA) modification combined the advantages of efferocytosis restoration of Pita and cholesterol efflux enhancement of PC. In vitro assay indicated that HA@PC@Pita NPs could induce M1/M2 repolarization and upregulate ERK5/Mertk expression to restore efferocytosis of macrophages. Simultaneously, HA@PC@Pita NPs notably promoted cholesterol efflux by promoting macrophage lipophagy, a selective autophagy of lipid droplets. In vivo study showed that HA@PC@Pita NPs cleared necrotic core and enhanced plaque stability in the ApoE ^-/- mice model with advanced atherosclerosis. Taken together, this study demonstrated the potential of HA@PC@Pita NPs for the treatment of advanced atherosclerosis.

Objective:To construct a diagnostic prediction model for childhood asthma and conduct a preliminary evaluation based on the test results of specific IgE (sIgE) for airborne allergens and in combination with clinical data.Methods:This study is a case-control study. A total of 4 338 cases that completed the sIgE test for airborne allergens in the Allergy Department of Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the asthma group and the non-asthma group based on the diagnostic information. Age, gender, cough and wheezing symptoms, and the classification results of sIgE concentrations of 15 airborne allergens were collected as the predictor variables of the asthma diagnostic prediction model. Differential analysis and LASSO regression were employed for the screening of predictor variables. The multivariate logistic regression method was applied to construct the nomogram prediction model. The data set was randomly split at a ratio of 7∶3 into a training set (3 036 cases) for constructing the prediction model and a validation set (1 302 cases) for testing the predictive efficacy of the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), the Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve were utilized to assess the discrimination and goodness of fit of the model, and the clinical decision curve (DCA) was adopted to evaluate the clinical application value of the model.Results:Among 4 338 pediatric cases, children aged 0 to <3 years accounted for 10.17% (441 cases), those aged 3 to <6 years accounted for 36.49% (1 583 cases), those aged 6 to <12 years accounted for 46.98% (2 038 cases), and those aged 12 to 18 years accounted for 6.36% (276 cases). Males constituted 65.17% (2 827 cases), and females 34.83% (1 511 cases). The proportion of children without wheezing symptoms was 41.47% (1 799 cases), while those with wheezing symptoms was 58.53% (2 539 cases). The asthma group accounted for 41.77% (1 812 cases), and the non-asthma group for 58.23% (2 526 cases). Statistically significant differences were observed between the asthma group and the non-asthma group in 18 predictive variables including age, gender, wheezing symptoms, d1, d2, e1, e5, g2, g6, m6, t11, t3, t6, w1, w22, w6, wx5, and m3 ( P<0.05). LASSO regression analysis identified six predictor variables: age (calculated in months), cough and wheezing symptoms, and sIgE of four airborne allergens, namely, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d1), Canis familiaris dander (e5), Aspergillus fumigatus (m3), and Artemisia vulgaris pollen (w6).Multifactorial regression analysis revealed that the contribution degrees of the above-mentioned predictor variables to the asthma diagnosis prediction model were ranked as follows: cough and wheezing symptoms ( OR=24.37, P<0.001), m3 ( OR=1.34, P<0.001), d1 ( OR=1.22, P<0.001), e5 ( OR=1.12, P=0.028), w6 ( OR=1.11, P<0.001), and age ( OR=1.01, P<0.001).The AUCs of the nomogram prediction model for the training set and the validation set were 0.853 (95% CI: 0.840-0.866) and 0.838 (95% CI: 0.817-0.860), respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve indicated a good fit ( P=0.215 for the training set; P=0.352 for the validation set). The DCA of the validation set demonstrated that when the probability threshold for predicting the occurrence of childhood asthma was 8%-92%, the model had the best applicability. Conclusion:By combining age, cough and wheezing symptoms, and sIgE of the four airborne allergens (d1, e5, m3, and w6) selected from 15 airborne allergens, a childhood asthma diagnosis prediction model with good predictive performance and clinical practicability was constructed. It can serve as a simple and convenient tool for accurately identifying asthma and provides a practical basis for the application of artificial intelligence big data analysis models in the prevention, treatment, and management of childhood asthma.

Objective:To analyze the psychometric properties of the short-form Extended Barthel Index (EBI) in assessing ability in the activities of daily living (ADL).Methods:Data describing 295 discharged patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury were collected retrospectively, including their demographics, diagnoses, and functional assessments (EBI, FIM, MBI and MoCA). Then, data on 120 of them were used to construct short-form EBI models based on item-total advantage indices, while the remaining 175 patients served as a validation set to evaluate the acceptability, responsiveness, reliability, validity, and outcome consistency of the models. The optimal model was selected as the recommended short-form EBI.Results:The short-form EBI comprises seven items: personal hygiene, dressing/undressing, wheelchair-bed transfer, walking, social interaction during walking, problem-solving, and memory/learning/orientation, with each item scored 0-4 (total range: 0-28). The short-form EBI demonstrated good acceptability, with median and mean scores near the scale′s midpoint and no significant ceiling or floor effects. Its responsiveness (d=0.19) surpassed that of the original EBI (d=0.14). Moreover, the short-form EBI showed excellent reliability (Cronbach′s α=0.885; SEM=9.11) and validity, explaining 95.4% of the variance in EBI scores (adj. R 2=0.954). Concurrent validity with the EBI was strong (ρ=0.975, P≤0.001), and criterion validity with ρ=0.956 for FIM, 0.889 for MBI, and 0.806 for MoCA. The short-form and the original EBI exhibited good agreement [ICC=0.967 (95% CI: 0.769-0.989); score difference: 6.48±6.56]. Conclusions:The short-form EBI demonstrates excellent acceptability, responsiveness, reliability, validity, and outcome consistency, making it a practical tool for ADL assessment in cases of stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Objective:To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotation of health behaviors in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) .Methods:A three-phase hybrid concept analysis method was used. In the theoretical phase, a systematic literature search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCO, covering publications up to April 30, 2024. In the fieldwork study, using the purposive sampling method, 8 community residents, 2 family members of residents, and 2 community workers were selected from Wuhan, Yichang, Neijiang, Zigong, Taiyuan, and Dongguan for semi-structured interviews from December 2023 to April 2024. In the analytical, data were compared and integrated.Results:TCM health behaviors are defined as multidimensional and multi-stage actions guided by TCM theories and techniques, aimed at preventing, maintaining, or promoting physical, mental, social, and moral well-being of oneself and others. A total of 8 core attributes were identified: acupoint-based health preservation, diet and herbal maintenance, daily routine regulation, exercise and qigong practice, emotional cultivation, simple lifestyle adjustments, utilization of TCM health resources, and participation in TCM health-related decision-making. Antecedents involve individual, social, environmental, and TCM-specific factors, while consequences include self-health promotion, support of others' well-being, and the dissemination of TCM culture.Conclusions:This study clarified the conceptual structure of TCM health behaviors. The findings can inform the development of localized assessment tools and intervention strategies, thereby supporting clinical nursing practice.

Objective:To construct a diagnostic prediction model for childhood asthma and conduct a preliminary evaluation based on the test results of specific IgE (sIgE) for airborne allergens and in combination with clinical data.Methods:This study is a case-control study. A total of 4 338 cases that completed the sIgE test for airborne allergens in the Allergy Department of Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into the asthma group and the non-asthma group based on the diagnostic information. Age, gender, cough and wheezing symptoms, and the classification results of sIgE concentrations of 15 airborne allergens were collected as the predictor variables of the asthma diagnostic prediction model. Differential analysis and LASSO regression were employed for the screening of predictor variables. The multivariate logistic regression method was applied to construct the nomogram prediction model. The data set was randomly split at a ratio of 7∶3 into a training set (3 036 cases) for constructing the prediction model and a validation set (1 302 cases) for testing the predictive efficacy of the model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), the Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve were utilized to assess the discrimination and goodness of fit of the model, and the clinical decision curve (DCA) was adopted to evaluate the clinical application value of the model.Results:Among 4 338 pediatric cases, children aged 0 to <3 years accounted for 10.17% (441 cases), those aged 3 to <6 years accounted for 36.49% (1 583 cases), those aged 6 to <12 years accounted for 46.98% (2 038 cases), and those aged 12 to 18 years accounted for 6.36% (276 cases). Males constituted 65.17% (2 827 cases), and females 34.83% (1 511 cases). The proportion of children without wheezing symptoms was 41.47% (1 799 cases), while those with wheezing symptoms was 58.53% (2 539 cases). The asthma group accounted for 41.77% (1 812 cases), and the non-asthma group for 58.23% (2 526 cases). Statistically significant differences were observed between the asthma group and the non-asthma group in 18 predictive variables including age, gender, wheezing symptoms, d1, d2, e1, e5, g2, g6, m6, t11, t3, t6, w1, w22, w6, wx5, and m3 ( P<0.05). LASSO regression analysis identified six predictor variables: age (calculated in months), cough and wheezing symptoms, and sIgE of four airborne allergens, namely, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d1), Canis familiaris dander (e5), Aspergillus fumigatus (m3), and Artemisia vulgaris pollen (w6).Multifactorial regression analysis revealed that the contribution degrees of the above-mentioned predictor variables to the asthma diagnosis prediction model were ranked as follows: cough and wheezing symptoms ( OR=24.37, P<0.001), m3 ( OR=1.34, P<0.001), d1 ( OR=1.22, P<0.001), e5 ( OR=1.12, P=0.028), w6 ( OR=1.11, P<0.001), and age ( OR=1.01, P<0.001).The AUCs of the nomogram prediction model for the training set and the validation set were 0.853 (95% CI: 0.840-0.866) and 0.838 (95% CI: 0.817-0.860), respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve indicated a good fit ( P=0.215 for the training set; P=0.352 for the validation set). The DCA of the validation set demonstrated that when the probability threshold for predicting the occurrence of childhood asthma was 8%-92%, the model had the best applicability. Conclusion:By combining age, cough and wheezing symptoms, and sIgE of the four airborne allergens (d1, e5, m3, and w6) selected from 15 airborne allergens, a childhood asthma diagnosis prediction model with good predictive performance and clinical practicability was constructed. It can serve as a simple and convenient tool for accurately identifying asthma and provides a practical basis for the application of artificial intelligence big data analysis models in the prevention, treatment, and management of childhood asthma.

Objective:To analyze the psychometric properties of the short-form Extended Barthel Index (EBI) in assessing ability in the activities of daily living (ADL).Methods:Data describing 295 discharged patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury were collected retrospectively, including their demographics, diagnoses, and functional assessments (EBI, FIM, MBI and MoCA). Then, data on 120 of them were used to construct short-form EBI models based on item-total advantage indices, while the remaining 175 patients served as a validation set to evaluate the acceptability, responsiveness, reliability, validity, and outcome consistency of the models. The optimal model was selected as the recommended short-form EBI.Results:The short-form EBI comprises seven items: personal hygiene, dressing/undressing, wheelchair-bed transfer, walking, social interaction during walking, problem-solving, and memory/learning/orientation, with each item scored 0-4 (total range: 0-28). The short-form EBI demonstrated good acceptability, with median and mean scores near the scale′s midpoint and no significant ceiling or floor effects. Its responsiveness (d=0.19) surpassed that of the original EBI (d=0.14). Moreover, the short-form EBI showed excellent reliability (Cronbach′s α=0.885; SEM=9.11) and validity, explaining 95.4% of the variance in EBI scores (adj. R 2=0.954). Concurrent validity with the EBI was strong (ρ=0.975, P≤0.001), and criterion validity with ρ=0.956 for FIM, 0.889 for MBI, and 0.806 for MoCA. The short-form and the original EBI exhibited good agreement [ICC=0.967 (95% CI: 0.769-0.989); score difference: 6.48±6.56]. Conclusions:The short-form EBI demonstrates excellent acceptability, responsiveness, reliability, validity, and outcome consistency, making it a practical tool for ADL assessment in cases of stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Objective:To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotation of health behaviors in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) .Methods:A three-phase hybrid concept analysis method was used. In the theoretical phase, a systematic literature search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and EBSCO, covering publications up to April 30, 2024. In the fieldwork study, using the purposive sampling method, 8 community residents, 2 family members of residents, and 2 community workers were selected from Wuhan, Yichang, Neijiang, Zigong, Taiyuan, and Dongguan for semi-structured interviews from December 2023 to April 2024. In the analytical, data were compared and integrated.Results:TCM health behaviors are defined as multidimensional and multi-stage actions guided by TCM theories and techniques, aimed at preventing, maintaining, or promoting physical, mental, social, and moral well-being of oneself and others. A total of 8 core attributes were identified: acupoint-based health preservation, diet and herbal maintenance, daily routine regulation, exercise and qigong practice, emotional cultivation, simple lifestyle adjustments, utilization of TCM health resources, and participation in TCM health-related decision-making. Antecedents involve individual, social, environmental, and TCM-specific factors, while consequences include self-health promotion, support of others' well-being, and the dissemination of TCM culture.Conclusions:This study clarified the conceptual structure of TCM health behaviors. The findings can inform the development of localized assessment tools and intervention strategies, thereby supporting clinical nursing practice.

Surgical operation is the main treatment of oral and maxillofacial tumors.Dysphagia is a common postoperative complication.Swal-lowing disorder can not only lead to mis-aspiration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and other serious consequences,but also may cause psychological problems and social communication barriers,affecting the quality of life of the patients.At present,there is no systematic evalua-tion and rehabilitation management plan for the problem of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in China.Combining the characteristics of postoperative swallowing disorder in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors,summarizing the clinical experience of ex-perts in the field of tumor and rehabilitation,reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad,and through joint discussion and modification,a group of national experts reached this consensus including the core contents of the screening of swallowing disorders,the phased assessment of prognosis and complications,and the implementation plan of comprehensive management such as nutrition management,respiratory management,swallowing function recovery,psychology and nursing during rehabilitation treatment,in order to improve the evalua-tion and rehabilitation of swallowing disorder after oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery in clinic.

Salidroside is the most important bioactive component of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma. Many recent studies have shown that salidroside plays an protective role in cardiovascular system by inhibiting myocardial cell death, promoting angiogenesis, improving heart function, inhibiting platelet aggregation, promoting body fat mobilization and cholesterol metabolism and other pharmacological effects. This article reviewed recent studies on pharmacological effects of salidroside on the cardiovascular system, providing references for the research and application of salidroside.

Diabetic myocardial fibrosis mainly occurrs at late stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is closely associated with the high mortality of this disease. Studies have shown that this disease is lack of specific treatment medicine, while the advantages of TCM in prevention and treatment of diabetic myocardial fibrosis are increasingly significant. The intervention mechanism mainly involves renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress, endothelial activity, inflammation response, the dynamic balance of extracellular matrix, cell apoptosis, regulation of cytokines and other aspects. This article reviewed the research progress in mechanism of prevention and treatment of TCM for diabetic myocardial fibrosis, with a purpose to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of diabetic myocardial fibrosis with TCM in clinic.