Immune disorders play a vital role in the tumors,infections and allergic diseases.As a co-inhibitory molecule that has attracted much attention in recent years,programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)can participate in immunomodulation in various immune diseases by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2s).ILC2s is a newly discovered subgroup of immune cell families,which is involved in tumor immunity,anti-parasitic infection and tissue damage repair by secreting type 2 cytokines.PD-1 is a major immunosuppressive molecule that can regulate the different immunomodulatory effects of ILC2s in different immune diseases.This article reviews the role and mechanism of PD-1 in regulating ILC2s in different diseases.

Naringin is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of biological and pharmacologi-cal activities,which can be used in treating tumor,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascu-lar diseases,metabolic syndrome,etc.Among them,the application of naringin in cardiovascular diseases has attracted the attention of many re-searchers.This article mainly reviews the role of naringin in cardiovascular disease(regulating blood lipids,anti atherosclerosis,lowering blood pres-sure,inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy,anti myo-cardial infarction,protecting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improving pulmonary arteri-al hypertension),the protective effect on cardiotox-icity,and the signal pathways in cardiovascular dis-ease(PI3K-Akt-mTOR,p-eNOS/p-Akt/p-ERK,miR-126/GSK-3 β/β-Catenin),clinical trials,etc.This pa-per is expected to review the current research sta-tus of naringin in cells and animal models so as to reveal its clinical application prospects and provide reference for further research in related fields.

Immune cells are formed by the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow,in-cluding lymphocytes,macrophages,etc,which participate in the immune defense,immune stability and immune monitoring of the body,and are an indispensable basic component of the immune system.Basic helix-loop-helix family member E40(BHLHE40)has been shown to play an important role in adipogenesis,tumorigenesis,circadian rhythm and hypoxia response.Recently,it was found that BHLHE40 plays a key role in the cell cycle,proliferation and cytokine production of immune cells.This article will review the discovery,naming,structure,and mechanism of BHLHE40 in various periods,as well as it's research progress in immune cells,in order to provide new target for the treatment of immune-related diseases at the genetic level.

Naringin is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of biological and pharmacologi-cal activities,which can be used in treating tumor,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascu-lar diseases,metabolic syndrome,etc.Among them,the application of naringin in cardiovascular diseases has attracted the attention of many re-searchers.This article mainly reviews the role of naringin in cardiovascular disease(regulating blood lipids,anti atherosclerosis,lowering blood pres-sure,inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy,anti myo-cardial infarction,protecting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,reducing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improving pulmonary arteri-al hypertension),the protective effect on cardiotox-icity,and the signal pathways in cardiovascular dis-ease(PI3K-Akt-mTOR,p-eNOS/p-Akt/p-ERK,miR-126/GSK-3 β/β-Catenin),clinical trials,etc.This pa-per is expected to review the current research sta-tus of naringin in cells and animal models so as to reveal its clinical application prospects and provide reference for further research in related fields.

Immune cells are formed by the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow,in-cluding lymphocytes,macrophages,etc,which participate in the immune defense,immune stability and immune monitoring of the body,and are an indispensable basic component of the immune system.Basic helix-loop-helix family member E40(BHLHE40)has been shown to play an important role in adipogenesis,tumorigenesis,circadian rhythm and hypoxia response.Recently,it was found that BHLHE40 plays a key role in the cell cycle,proliferation and cytokine production of immune cells.This article will review the discovery,naming,structure,and mechanism of BHLHE40 in various periods,as well as it's research progress in immune cells,in order to provide new target for the treatment of immune-related diseases at the genetic level.

Immune disorders play a vital role in the tumors,infections and allergic diseases.As a co-inhibitory molecule that has attracted much attention in recent years,programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)can participate in immunomodulation in various immune diseases by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of type 2 innate lymphoid cells(ILC2s).ILC2s is a newly discovered subgroup of immune cell families,which is involved in tumor immunity,anti-parasitic infection and tissue damage repair by secreting type 2 cytokines.PD-1 is a major immunosuppressive molecule that can regulate the different immunomodulatory effects of ILC2s in different immune diseases.This article reviews the role and mechanism of PD-1 in regulating ILC2s in different diseases.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the imbalance of host immune response to infection,which immune regulation mechanism is complex and has not been clarified.Programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)/programmed death recep-tor ligand-1(PD-L1)is a negative co-inhibitory molecule that has attracted much attention in recent years.Studies have shown that PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway plays an important immunosuppressive role in sepsis.There are differences in immune regulation mecha-nisms in heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney,which has not been clarified.Immune regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 in different organs of sepsis is reviewied in this article,which could to provide a new direction for the study of sepsis.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin (IL)-33, osteoprotegerin and the severity of coronary artery disease in patients with coronary heart disease, and analyze the correlation between IL-33 and osteoprotegerin. Methods: Two hundred and nineteen patients with coronary heart disease from April 2018 to June 2019 in Dalian Friendship Hospital were selected. The percutaneous coronary angiography was performed in all patients. Among them, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was in 59 cases (AMI group), unstable angina pectoris (UAP) in 55 cases (UAP group), stable angina pectoris (SAP) in 55 cases (SAP group), and basically normal result was in 50 cases (control group). Serum IL-33 and osteoprotegerin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the severity degree of coronary artery disease was assessed by Gensini scoring system. Results: The IL-33 in SAP group, UAP group and AMI group was significantly higher than that in control group: (330.42 ± 82.56), (363.54 ± 61.36) and (448.62 ± 71.60) ng/L vs. (275.96 ± 74.34) ng/L, IL-33 in AMI group was significantly higher than that in SAP group and UAP group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The osteoprotegerin in UAP group and AMI group was significantly higher than that in control group: (481.35 ± 101.68) and (558.29 ± 136.45) ng/L vs. (392.21 ± 109.57) ng/L, osteoprotegerin in AMI group was significantly higher than that in SAP group and UAP group: (558.29 ± 136.45) ng/L vs. (436.13 ± 121.84) and (481.35 ± 101.68) ng/L, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The Gensini score in SAP group, UAP group and AMI group was significantly higher than that in control group: (23.31 ± 7.88), (44.37 ± 14.15) and (90.20 ± 42.01) scores vs. (7.17 ± 4.85) scores, Gensini score in UAP group was significantly higher than that in SAP group, Gensini score in AMI group was significantly higher than that in SAP group and UAP group, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis result showed that serum IL-33 and osteoprotegerin levels were positively correlated with Gensini score (r = 0.588 and 0.420, P<0.01), and serum IL-33 level was positively correlated with osteoprotegerin level (r = 0.718, P<0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis result showed that the area under curve of IL-33 for the diagnosis of AMI was 0.887 (95% CI 0.839 to 0.935, P<0.01), and the area under curve of osteoprotegerin for diagnosis of AMI was 0.754 (95% CI 0.682 to 0.825, P<0.01). Conclusions Serum IL-33 and osteoprotegerin levels are elevated in patients with coronary heart disease, and their elevated levels are positively correlated with the severity and instability of coronary artery disease and have a certain diagnostic value for AMI.