Space medicine,as a comprehensive discipline ensuring the safety,health,and efficient performance of astronauts during manned space missions,focuses on elucidating the underlying mechanisms of multi-system physiological effects induced by extreme space environments and developing corresponding protective strategies.With China's space program transitioning into an application and development phase,space medical experiments—a critical domain within space applications—face significant opportunities and challenges.This paper reviews the international development trend in the field of medical experiments and the progress in China from perspectives including platform system construction,utilization of novel technologies,and scientific discoveries.It further outlines the engineering framework,guiding ideology,and key research directions for space medical experiments under China's Space Station Application and Development Project.Deliberations and prospects center on the in-depth analysis of the adaptation law of life in space flight,the application of big data and artificial intelligence technology,the emerging challenges it faces,and the scientific research organization models.This work aims to provide a reference for the development of space medical experiment field in China.

Poly(dimethyl siloxane)(PDMS)is suitable for the fabrication of space cell culture chips.It is necessary to perform highly stable hydrophilic modification to promote cell adhesion on PDMS surface.We modified PDMS surface by oxygen plasma treatment combining with physical adsorption in this article.PDMS,which was treated with oxygen plasma and sequentially coated with Poly-L-lysine or collagen(PLL-ox-PDMS,COL-ox-PDMS)with various solution concentration and kept in different environmental conditions,were characterized by contact angle and surface energy measurements,and atomic force microscopy(AFM).Cell growth conditions on bare PDMS and modified PDMS were compared,and the numbers of live cells cultured for 1-3 days were evaluated.Experimental results indicate that higher solution concentration and low storage temperature benefit the hydrophilicity stability.The contact angles of PLL-ox-PDMS stored in 4℃and COL-ox-PDMS were close to 60°and 65°on day 25 and 14,respectively.Both modified PDMS surfaces are suitable for cell adhesion and proliferation,and no cell layer falls offin 10 days.The modification method is especially suitable for applications such as medium and long term space cell culture.

Objective To make a cost-effectiveness analysis for stereotactic radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy using linear accelerators against malignant tumors, then to provide references for choosing a more cost-effective radiotherapy for the patient. Methods Basic information of patients subject to radiotherapy(gender, age, date of admission, days of hospital stay), hospitalization cost, admission diagnosis, clinical outcomes among others of 320 patients with malignant tumors(lung tumor, head and neck tumor, bone metastases, liver tumor) were collected from Hubei, Guangxi and Fujian provinces. The cost of hospitalized radiotherapy and treatment effect of these patients were compared to identify the more cost effective of the two methods. Results The effective rates of stereotactic radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy were 99.1% (108/109) and 97.2% (205/211) respectively, and the difference was not significant( P>0.05). The average hospitalization cost of treatment of the two groups was 37 545.56 yuan and 48 159.05 yuan respectively; the cost-effectiveness ratio was 37 886.54 and 49 546.35 respectively. Conclusions The short-term effects of stereotactic and intensity-modulated radiotherapy are similar, but the cost of intensity-modulated radiotherapy is higher. The minimum cost analysis shows that stereotactic radiotherapy is more cost effective.

Objective To investigate the status of blood donation in Shanghai streets,understanding the motivation of the donors for blood donation and how many times they had donate their blood.Here,we intend to improve work efficiency in order to better serve the blood donators and to provide a theoretical basis.Methods To gain insight into the understanding and attitude of citizens for blood donation,we analyzed the volunteer blood donors in 387 vehicles and 436 outdoor pre mobilization object by six months,questionnaire in blood collection vehicle or at scene etc.Results The survey specifically reflected the understanding,attitude and motivation of citizens and foreign workers for blood donation in Shanghai.Conclusion There existed many problems such as wrong recognition,diversified motivation among many citizens for blood donation.More publicity and education for the knowledge of blood donation are needed and it plays significant and longlasting role for blood donation.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum ferritin levels and the post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods From July 2014 to October 2015, the inpatients with the first-ever acute ischemic stroke were colected consecutively. Chemiluminescence microparticle immune assay was used to measure the serum ferritin levels within 24 h after admission. Depressive symptoms were screened by using the 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17) at 3 months after onset. In patients with a HAMD-17 score ≥7, the depression was further diagnosed according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Results A total of 200 patients with the first-ever acute ischemic stroke were enroled, 55 (27. 5% ) of them were diagnosed as PSD. There were significant differences in the body mass index (BMI), years of education, waist circumference, high sensitive-C-reactive protein, homocysteine, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (at baseline, discharge, and day 90), mRs score (at discharge and day 90), BI (at discharge and day 90), and the proportions of widowed or solitary patients between the PSD group and the non-PSD group (al P < 0. 05 ). The serum ferritin level in the PSD group was significantly higher than that in the non-PSD group ( median [ interquartile range], 261. 90[142. 10-364. 90] μg/L vs. 164. 40[132. 50- 195. 10] μg/L; Z = - 4. 814, P < 0. 001 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors showed that the baseline serum ferritin level >136. 375 μg/L was an independent risk factor for PSD (odds ratio 1. 041 per 1-quartile increase, 95%confidence interval 1. 009-1. 239; P = 0. 045). Conclusions The elevated baseline serum ferritin level is associated with PSD.

Objective To investigate the incidence and relevant information of preterm birth and the outcomes of preterm infants delivered at various gestational weeks and for different causes. Methods Totally 955 women, who ended their pregnancies before term, and 1066 neonates of the previous mothers were enrolled in this survey, among 15 197 deliveries at Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital, Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District and Peking University Third Hospital, respectively, from December 1~(st), 2006 to May 31~(st), 2007. Results (1)Incidence of preterm birth: The overall incidence of preterm birth of the 4 hospitals was 6. 3% (955/15 197), and it was 8.1% (125/1549) in Peking University First Hospital, 13.1% (150/1142), which was the highest (P<0.01), in Peking University Third Hospital, 5.5% (369/6656) in Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital and 34.0% (311/5850) in Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District.The preterm birth rate at the two comprehensive hospitals was significantly higher than that of the two specialized hospitals [10.2% (275/2691) vs 5.4% (680/12 506), P <0.01]. (2) Gestational weeks at delivery: The incidence of preterm birth before 34 weeks was 28.5% (272/954) and the number changed to 71.5% (682/954)for those preterm deliveries after 34 weeks. However, this number varied among the 4 hospitals. Peking University First Hospital had the highest incidence of preterm birth before 34 weeks(P< 0.05), and the lowest was found in Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District(P<0.01), but no difference was found between Peking University Third Hospital and Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital. (3) Etiology of preterm birth: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) accounted for the most proportion of all preterm birth cases, followed by iatrogenic preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth. But the causes of preterm birth in the 4 hospitals were different. Peking University Third Hospital had a higher incidence of iatrogenic preterm birth than the others (P<0.01), and Peking University First Hospital had a higher incidence of preterm birth caused by PPROM and lower incidence of spontaneous preterm birth. The first four reasons of iatrogenic preterm birth were preeclampsia (143, 42.0%), fetal distress (58, 17.1%), placenta previa (43, 12.6%) and placenta abruption (33,9.7%). (4) Neonatal outcomes in different hospitals: The neonatal outcomes were quite different among the 4 hospitals due to different causes and different delivery weeks. The highest neonatal mortality rate was found in Beijing Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital (5.4%, 22/408) compared to that in Women's and Children's Hospital of Haidian District (1.3%,4/320) and Peking University Third Hospital (0. 6%, 1/170) (P< 0.01), but without any difference when compared to that in Peking University First Hospital (2.4%, 3/ 124) (P>0.05). (5) Neonatal outcomes at different gostational age: The recovery rate of preterm infants delivered at <32 weeks was lower than those delivered ≥32 weeks (P<0.01), and this number rose to 99. 6% in those delivered ≥34 weeks. More infants delivered <32 weeks were given up for treatment or died during the perinatal period than those delivered ≥32 weeks, with the neonatal mortality rate of 22.1% for those delivered at <32 weeks and only 0.3% for those delivered at ≥ 34 weeks (P<0.01). (6) Neonatal outcomes for various causes: The premature neonatal mortality rate for iatrogenic preterm births was higher than that of PPROM (4.9% vs 1.6%, P<0.05). But the neonatal recovery rates were similar among the PPROM, spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth group (P>0.05). Conclusions Preterm birth is associated with high perinatal mortality rate, especially for those delivered before 32 weeks which would be highlighted in prevention. Reduction of the iatrogenic preterm birth, combined with proper prevention of PPROM, is an important issue in decreasing the prevalence of preterm birth.