Objective To investigate the establishment and evaluation method of a rat model for cold asthma syndrome during the acute exacerbation phase of asthma.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into four distinct groups:normal control group,asthma group,cold asthma group,and Shegan Mahuang Decoction group(SMD).While the normal control group was not subjected to any modeling procedures,the remaining groups were induced to develop asthma by a combination of intraperitoneal injections and atomized inhalation of ovalbumin sensitization solution.Furthermore,to emulate the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of cold asthma,the cold asthma group and the SMD underwent an additional protocol involving"swimming,cold water consumption,and external cold stimulation."Commencing from the 14th day of the experiment,the SMD received daily gavage administration of Shegan Mahuang Decoction for a consecutive period of 14 days.The cold asthma rat model was comprehensively evaluated from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.Results ①Following model induction,both the asthma and cold asthma groups exhibited significant increases in asthmatic behavioral scores,sluggish weight gain,and airway hyperreactivity.Additionally,there was a notable rise in eosinophils(EOS)in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),decreased expression of aquaporin-5(AQP5)in lung tissue,and altered immune balances with reduced Th1/Th2 ratios and elevated Th17/Treg ratios in the spleen.Hemorheological changes included increased whole blood viscosity,relative high-shear,and low-shear indices,alongside a marked decline in erythrocyte aggregation index.The cold asthma group further displayed pronounced cold asthma symptoms,slower weight gain,and more significant increases in whole blood viscosity and low-shear relative index compared to the asthma group.②Administration of SMD alleviated asthmatic behaviors and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome manifestations in cold asthma rats,resulting in enhanced weight gain.SMD also mitigated airway hyperreactivity,reduced EOS percentage in BALF,and ameliorated lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration.The treatment increased AQP5 expression levels and rectified the immune imbalances of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in cold asthma rats.Furthermore,SMD significantly lowered whole blood viscosity,relative high-shear,and low-shear indices in these rats.Conclusion The research effectively established a model for cold asthma syndrome in TCM through a method that integrates intraperitoneal injection,nebulized ovalbumin sensitization,and a triad of swimming,cold water intake,and external cold exposure.This model consistently displays the symptoms of cold asthma and corresponds with the microscopic pathological alterations seen in asthma,thereby validating the robustness of the model's creation process.

Purpose To investigate the clinical and imaging features and diagnostic points of hemophilic pseudotumor(HPT).Materials and Methods A total of 50 HPT patients in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to August 2023 were selected.Gender,haemophilia category,site of disease and X-ray,CT and MRI manifestations of HPT were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 50 patients with HPT were collected,49 male patients and one female patient.There were 48 cases of haemophilia A,one case of haemophilia B and one case of vascular haemophilia.Imaging manifestations were single bone and adjacent soft tissue involvement in 22 cases;multi-bone and single joint in four cases;multi-bone and multi-joint in ten cases;simple skeletal muscle and soft tissue involvement in six cases;abdominopelvic cavity and retroperitoneal space in six cases;and small intestinal wall in two cases.X-ray and CT mainly showed that the bone was destroyed by expansion,partially combined with osteolysis of the bone destruction,residual coarse bone ridge could be seen in the damaged area,and the sclerotic edge could be seen in the edge of the bone destruction.The main body of the lesion showed mixed density,and the enhancement scanning of the bone destruction area and soft tissue mass did not see the exact enhancement.MRI showed bone destruction area,soft tissue mass formation,which could better reflect its pathological characteristics,i.e.,the haematoma signals in different periods.Conclusion HPT commonly affect the femur and pelvic bones,and can involve multiple bones,joints,the abdominal and pelvic cavities,the retroperitoneum and the intestinal wall.The primary manifestation is the formation of massive hematomas within soft tissues,with varying stages of hemorrhage.When bone is involved,it typically presents as expansive bone destruction accompanied by the formation of large pseudotumors.The edges of the destruction area may show bone sclerosis.The pseudotumors exhibit characteristics of hematomas at different stages.A definitive diagnosis can be made by integrating imaging findings,clinical data and laboratory tests.

Objective To investigate the establishment and evaluation method of a rat model for cold asthma syndrome during the acute exacerbation phase of asthma.Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into four distinct groups:normal control group,asthma group,cold asthma group,and Shegan Mahuang Decoction group(SMD).While the normal control group was not subjected to any modeling procedures,the remaining groups were induced to develop asthma by a combination of intraperitoneal injections and atomized inhalation of ovalbumin sensitization solution.Furthermore,to emulate the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of cold asthma,the cold asthma group and the SMD underwent an additional protocol involving"swimming,cold water consumption,and external cold stimulation."Commencing from the 14th day of the experiment,the SMD received daily gavage administration of Shegan Mahuang Decoction for a consecutive period of 14 days.The cold asthma rat model was comprehensively evaluated from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.Results ①Following model induction,both the asthma and cold asthma groups exhibited significant increases in asthmatic behavioral scores,sluggish weight gain,and airway hyperreactivity.Additionally,there was a notable rise in eosinophils(EOS)in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),decreased expression of aquaporin-5(AQP5)in lung tissue,and altered immune balances with reduced Th1/Th2 ratios and elevated Th17/Treg ratios in the spleen.Hemorheological changes included increased whole blood viscosity,relative high-shear,and low-shear indices,alongside a marked decline in erythrocyte aggregation index.The cold asthma group further displayed pronounced cold asthma symptoms,slower weight gain,and more significant increases in whole blood viscosity and low-shear relative index compared to the asthma group.②Administration of SMD alleviated asthmatic behaviors and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome manifestations in cold asthma rats,resulting in enhanced weight gain.SMD also mitigated airway hyperreactivity,reduced EOS percentage in BALF,and ameliorated lung tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration.The treatment increased AQP5 expression levels and rectified the immune imbalances of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in cold asthma rats.Furthermore,SMD significantly lowered whole blood viscosity,relative high-shear,and low-shear indices in these rats.Conclusion The research effectively established a model for cold asthma syndrome in TCM through a method that integrates intraperitoneal injection,nebulized ovalbumin sensitization,and a triad of swimming,cold water intake,and external cold exposure.This model consistently displays the symptoms of cold asthma and corresponds with the microscopic pathological alterations seen in asthma,thereby validating the robustness of the model's creation process.

Purpose To investigate the clinical and imaging features and diagnostic points of hemophilic pseudotumor(HPT).Materials and Methods A total of 50 HPT patients in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to August 2023 were selected.Gender,haemophilia category,site of disease and X-ray,CT and MRI manifestations of HPT were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 50 patients with HPT were collected,49 male patients and one female patient.There were 48 cases of haemophilia A,one case of haemophilia B and one case of vascular haemophilia.Imaging manifestations were single bone and adjacent soft tissue involvement in 22 cases;multi-bone and single joint in four cases;multi-bone and multi-joint in ten cases;simple skeletal muscle and soft tissue involvement in six cases;abdominopelvic cavity and retroperitoneal space in six cases;and small intestinal wall in two cases.X-ray and CT mainly showed that the bone was destroyed by expansion,partially combined with osteolysis of the bone destruction,residual coarse bone ridge could be seen in the damaged area,and the sclerotic edge could be seen in the edge of the bone destruction.The main body of the lesion showed mixed density,and the enhancement scanning of the bone destruction area and soft tissue mass did not see the exact enhancement.MRI showed bone destruction area,soft tissue mass formation,which could better reflect its pathological characteristics,i.e.,the haematoma signals in different periods.Conclusion HPT commonly affect the femur and pelvic bones,and can involve multiple bones,joints,the abdominal and pelvic cavities,the retroperitoneum and the intestinal wall.The primary manifestation is the formation of massive hematomas within soft tissues,with varying stages of hemorrhage.When bone is involved,it typically presents as expansive bone destruction accompanied by the formation of large pseudotumors.The edges of the destruction area may show bone sclerosis.The pseudotumors exhibit characteristics of hematomas at different stages.A definitive diagnosis can be made by integrating imaging findings,clinical data and laboratory tests.

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that can specifically bind with the target protein or molecule via specific secondary structures. Compared to antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), aptamer‒drug conjugate (ApDC) is also an efficient, targeted drug for cancer therapy with a smaller size, higher chemical stability, lower immunogenicity, faster tissue penetration, and facile engineering. Despite all these advantages, several key factors have delayed the clinical translation of ApDC, such as in vivo off-target effects and potential safety issues. In this review, we highlight the most recent progress in the development of ApDC and discuss solutions to the problems noted above.

Objective:To investigate the association between metabolically healthy obesity(MHO) and atherosclerosis risk among Chinese community population aged 40 or older.Methods:A total of 9 525 participants without cardiovascular diseases (3 621 men and 5 904 women) from Jiading community in Shanghai were enrolled to complete questionnaires, undergo extensive physical examination including brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and blood pressure (BP) assessment, and laboratory screening. According to body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status, these participants were categorized into 4 groups including metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), MHO, and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). High baPWV was defined as baPWV>1 400 mm/s, and high pulse pressure (PP) was defined as PP above fourth quartile of the population. Multivariate logistic regression model was conducted to explore the relationship between MHO and high baPWV as well as high PP after adjusting for confounders. Results:After multivariable adjustment, such as sex, age, current smoking, current drinking, and education, logistic regression analysis showed that MHO was significantly correlated with high baPWV ( OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.37) and high PP ( OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.43-2.08) in comparison with MHNO. Otherwise, both MUNO and MUO subjects were at higher risk for suffering from high baPWV (MUNO: OR=3.02, 95% CI 2.60-3.50; MUO: OR=3.26, 95% CI 2.87-3.70) and high PP (MUNO: OR=2.56, 95% CI 2.17-3.02; MUO: OR=3.49, 95% CI 3.01-4.06). Conclusion:On the basis of Chinese community population, there was a pronounced correlation between the MHO phenotype and the increased risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy betweenLing Gui Ba Fa(eight magic turtle techniques) acupuncture and ordinary acupuncture in treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).Method Sixty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened byLing Gui Ba Faacupuncture at Gongsun (SP4) and Neiguan (PC6), and the control group was intervened by ordinary needling Gongsun and Neiguan. For both groups, Tianshu (ST25), Dachangshu (BL25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Fenglong (ST40), and Pishu (BL20) were added. Theclinical efficacies of the two groups were compared by evaluating the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clinical symptoms score and IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire. The two groups were treated 3 times a week, 10 sessions as a treatment course, andwere evaluated by using the scales before and after the treatment followed by statistical analysis and determination of the therapeutic efficacy.Result The scales were significantly improved in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.01); the total effective rate was 90% (27/30) in the treatment group, higher than 80% (24/30) in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Ling Gui Ba Faacupuncture can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating IBS-D, and can obviously enhance the quality of life of thepatients, providing an advantageous treatment scheme to clinic.

Objective To explore the application and effect of modified-type nasojejunal tube of early enteral nutrition in severe traumatic brain injury patients. Methods 60 sever brain injury patients were collected in the neurosurgery ward of our hospital. The patients were divided into control group and trial group by random number table. The patients in control group were treated with normal spiral nasojejunal tube, and the patients in trail group were given modified-type nasojejunal tube. The study mainly researched the success rate of intubation, the operation time of two groups, the recovery time of gastropareaia and so on. Results The success rate of intubation of experimental group was 93.3%(28/30) which was significantly higher than 73.3% (22/30) in the control group (χ2=4.320, P<0.05). The operation time of two groups were (22.67±1.77) minutes and (28.90±3.39) minutes. The operation time of two groups had significant difference (t=8.936, P<0.05).The recovery time of gastropareaia of two groups were (17.37 ± 8.29) days and (21.60 ± 7.82) days. The recovery time of gastropareaia of two groups had significant difference between two groups (t=2.035, P<0.05). There was no satistically significant difference of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between two groups (P>0.05). The satisfaction of patient or family of experimental group was 93.3%(28/30) which was significantly higher than 60.0%(18/30) of the control group (χ2=9.317, P<0.05). Conclusions The modified-type nasojejunal tube was conducive to improve the success rate of intubation. The symptoms of gastroparesis were recovered early. The modified-type nasojejunal tube was easy operation, suitable for beginners and young nurses. The satisfaction of patient or family was higher.

Objective To observe the effectiveness of introducing Diazepam into combined aesthesia of Sumianxin and ketamine hydrochloride .Method A total of 80 rabbits of both genders for operation were randomly divided into A , B and C groups .The A group was injected with Sumianxin intramuscularly ( 0.3 mL/kg by weight ) .The B group was injected with Sumianxin and ketamine hydrochloride intramuscularly ( 0.3 mL/kg by weight ) .The C group was injected with Diazepam intravenously ( 1.5 mL/kg by weight ) combined with Sumianxin and ketamine hydrochloride injected intramuscularly (0.3 mL/kg by weight).The aesthetic effects, induction time, anesthesia maintaining time, total anaesthetic dose and operation time were observed , recorded and compared .Result The induction time of the C group was significantly shorter than A and B groups (P<0.01).The initial anesthesia maintaining time of the C group was the longest among the three (P<0.01) with least total anaesthetic dose (P<0.01).The operation time of the C group was the least with best aesthetic effects (P<0.01).Conclusion Introducing Diazepam into combined aesthesia of Sumianxin and ketamine hydrochloride can improve the aesthetic effects .Therefore , this is an optional aesthetic method for time-consuming animal operation or sensitive surgical sites of rabbits .

An 80-year-old male patient with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, rheumatic heart disease, and atrial fibrillation long-term daily oral warfarin sodium 3 mg once daily.International normalized ratio (INR) was maintained at 2.00 to 3.00.An intravenous infusion of piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium 4.5 g every 8 hours, intramuscular injection of compound aminophenazone and barbital 2 ml, oral loxoprofen sodium 30 mg and other drugs were added to his regimen for pulmonary infection and high fever.Before the drug combination, prothrombin time (PT) was 27 s, and the INR was 2.45.Two days later, the patient developed hemoptysis.The next day, warfarin sodium was stopped.On the second day of discontinuation of warfarin sodium ,the patient suddenly felt a severe pain in the left upper abdomen with the sign of palpable mass and tenderness.Meanwhile, the PT was 42 s, and the INR was 4.46.On the next day, abdominal ultrasound examination showed that there was a cystic structure in the left abdominal rectus muscle with the size of 4.5 cm × 2.7 cm × 1.5 cm, and the internal circular high density shadow in the left rectus muscle was found on abdominal ultrasonography.Left abdominal rectus muscle hematoma was considered.Intramuscular injection of vitamin K1 10 mg once daily was given immediately, and ceftazidime was used instead of piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium.Two days later, the patient's symptoms of abdominal pain disappeared, PT fell to 16 s, INR fell to 1.11.One week later, oral warfarin sodium (initial dose 2.25 mg once daily)was given, and adjusted the dose according to INR.One month later, the abdominal ultrasound examination showed that the size of hematoma significantly decreased (3.5 cm × 0.8 cm).