Objective To investigate the effects of baicalein on the expression of inflammatory factors in bronchial epithelial cell(BEC),and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved.Methods Log-phase 16 HBE cells were categorized into five groups:the normal control group,the toluene diisocyanate(TDI)-stimulated group,and the low-,medium-,and high-dose baica-lein groups.The normal control group was cultured with standard medium,while the TDI-stimulated group was treated with TDI-human serum albumin(TDI-HSA)to establish an asthma-like cell model.Following TDI-HSA stimulation,the low-,medium-,and high-dose baicalein groups were intervened with baicalein at final concentrations of 10,20 and 40μmol/L for48hours.Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release assays were performed to evaluate the LDH release rate.Flow cytometry was used to determine the rate of pyroptosis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were conducted to measure the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-18(IL-18)in the culture supernatants.Protein ex-pression levels of NLR family,pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease 1(caspase-1),Gasdermin D and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC)were examined via Western blot analysis.Results Compared with the normal control group,the cell viability in the TDI stimulation group decreased(P＜0.05),and the LDH release rate,pyroptosis rate,and the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-18 in the supernatant all increased(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the TDI-stimulated group,the cell viability in the low-,medium-,and high-dose baicalein groups increased(P＜0.05),while the LDH release rate,pyroptosis rate,and the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-18 in the supernatant all decreased(P＜0.05),and all in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,Gasdermin D and ASC in the TDI-stimulated group were all increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the TDI-stimulated group,the protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,Gasdermin D and ASC in the low-,medium-and high-dose baicalein groups were all decreased(P＜0.05),also in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05).Conclusion Baicalein may alleviate TDI-induced the expression of inflammatory factors in BEC by modulating the pyroptosis pathway.Through this mechanism,scutellarin enhances cell viabil-ity and reduces the rate of pyroptosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of baicalein on the expression of inflammatory factors in bronchial epithelial cell(BEC),and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved.Methods Log-phase 16 HBE cells were categorized into five groups:the normal control group,the toluene diisocyanate(TDI)-stimulated group,and the low-,medium-,and high-dose baica-lein groups.The normal control group was cultured with standard medium,while the TDI-stimulated group was treated with TDI-human serum albumin(TDI-HSA)to establish an asthma-like cell model.Following TDI-HSA stimulation,the low-,medium-,and high-dose baicalein groups were intervened with baicalein at final concentrations of 10,20 and 40μmol/L for48hours.Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release assays were performed to evaluate the LDH release rate.Flow cytometry was used to determine the rate of pyroptosis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)were conducted to measure the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-18(IL-18)in the culture supernatants.Protein ex-pression levels of NLR family,pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific protease 1(caspase-1),Gasdermin D and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC)were examined via Western blot analysis.Results Compared with the normal control group,the cell viability in the TDI stimulation group decreased(P＜0.05),and the LDH release rate,pyroptosis rate,and the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-18 in the supernatant all increased(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the TDI-stimulated group,the cell viability in the low-,medium-,and high-dose baicalein groups increased(P＜0.05),while the LDH release rate,pyroptosis rate,and the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-18 in the supernatant all decreased(P＜0.05),and all in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,Gasdermin D and ASC in the TDI-stimulated group were all increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the TDI-stimulated group,the protein expressions of NLRP3,caspase-1,Gasdermin D and ASC in the low-,medium-and high-dose baicalein groups were all decreased(P＜0.05),also in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05).Conclusion Baicalein may alleviate TDI-induced the expression of inflammatory factors in BEC by modulating the pyroptosis pathway.Through this mechanism,scutellarin enhances cell viabil-ity and reduces the rate of pyroptosis.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarise the best evidence in management of perioperative hyperglycemia in adult non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients so as to provide a reference for clinical nursing practice.Methods According to the evidence resource pyramid"6S"model,the best clinical practices for perioperative glycemic management in adult non-diabetic kidney transplant patients were retrieved from sources including BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database,World Health Organization,the International Guideline Collaboration Network,the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,the National Guidelines Clearinghouse,Yimaitong,MedSci,Canadian Registered Nurses Association,American Diabetes Association,Canadian Diabetes Association,International Diabetes Federation,Australian Diabetes Society,Chinese Diabetes Society,Chinese Urological Society,Chinese Organ Transplantation Society,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang Data,and SinoMed.The literature was independently screened and evaluated by two researchers trained in evidence-based methodology,and the evidence was extracted and summarised with expert advices.Results A total of 14 articles were included,comprising 2 clinical decisions,5 guidelines,2 evidence summaries,4 expert consensus and 1 systematic review.A total of 27 pieces of the best evidence were summarised and integrated into 6 topics:evaluation and management,goals for control of blood glucose,blood glucose monitoring,prevention and intervention of hyperglycemia,discharge guidance,diagnosis and intervention of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplant.Conclusion This study summarises the best evidence for perioperative hyperglycemia management in adult non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients.Medical staff may apply the evidence individually in conjunction with the actual clinical situations to standardise the practice criteria.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarise the best evidence in management of perioperative hyperglycemia in adult non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients so as to provide a reference for clinical nursing practice.Methods According to the evidence resource pyramid"6S"model,the best clinical practices for perioperative glycemic management in adult non-diabetic kidney transplant patients were retrieved from sources including BMJ Best Practice,UpToDate,Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database,World Health Organization,the International Guideline Collaboration Network,the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence,the National Guidelines Clearinghouse,Yimaitong,MedSci,Canadian Registered Nurses Association,American Diabetes Association,Canadian Diabetes Association,International Diabetes Federation,Australian Diabetes Society,Chinese Diabetes Society,Chinese Urological Society,Chinese Organ Transplantation Society,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Web of Science,PubMed,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,Wanfang Data,and SinoMed.The literature was independently screened and evaluated by two researchers trained in evidence-based methodology,and the evidence was extracted and summarised with expert advices.Results A total of 14 articles were included,comprising 2 clinical decisions,5 guidelines,2 evidence summaries,4 expert consensus and 1 systematic review.A total of 27 pieces of the best evidence were summarised and integrated into 6 topics:evaluation and management,goals for control of blood glucose,blood glucose monitoring,prevention and intervention of hyperglycemia,discharge guidance,diagnosis and intervention of new-onset diabetes after kidney transplant.Conclusion This study summarises the best evidence for perioperative hyperglycemia management in adult non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients.Medical staff may apply the evidence individually in conjunction with the actual clinical situations to standardise the practice criteria.