Objective: To report the antibody identification, blood management during pregnancy and the monitoring process of fetal hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN) in a pregnant woman with a history of blood transfusion and pregnancy who developed anti-Jr . Methods: Saline tube technique and anti-human globulin technique were used for maternal blood typing, unexpected antibody screening and identification, as well as for determining antibody titer and IgG subclasses. PCR-SSP was employed for genotyping of 18 blood group systems. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was utilized for gene sequencing of 38 blood group systems. Sanger sequencing was applied to verify rare blood group mutations detected by NGS and to investigate the corresponding rare blood group genes in family members. Blood preparation was achieved through anemia management in prenatal clinics and autologous blood collection during pregnancy. The newborn underwent the three primary tests for HDFN and plasma IgG subclass testing. Results: The pregnant woman's blood type was B, RhD positive, with a positive unexpected antibody screen, and the antibody identification pattern was consistent with a high-frequency antigen antibody. Gene sequencing revealed a homozygous ABCG2 c.376C>T mutation in the woman, resulting in the Jr(a-) phenotype, and anti-Jr antibody was present in her plasma. No compatible Jr(a-) blood was found among family members. The maternal anti-Jr IgG titer remained stable at 256 during pregnancy, with no detectable IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses against the Jr antigen. A total of 800 mL of autologous blood was collected in two stages during pregnancy. The newborn was B, RhD positive, Jr(a+), with a positive unexpected antibody screen (anti-Jr ). IgG subclass typing detected no IgG1 or IgG3. The direct antiglobulin test was positive, while the acid elution test was negative. Conclusion: The combination of serology and blood group genetic analysis provides a diagnostic basis for identifying antibodies to high-frequency antigens. Managing perinatal anemia and implementing staged autologous blood storage can secure blood supply for the perioperative period. IgG antibody subclass typing offers a reference for clinical assessment and prevention of HDFN.

Changes in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) can affect scalp aging and hair growth. With increasing age, HFSCs exhibit a decrease in quiescence maintenance and self-renewal capacity, as well as differentiation potential, leading to shortened hair growth cycles and even hair loss. This review summarizes recent research advances in the multifactorial interactions underlying hair loss, including the regulatory mechanisms of HFSC quiescence, the impact of aging on HFSC function, and aging of the stem cell microenvironment. Additionally, this review discusses the relationship between stem cells and hair shafts, and the mechanisms of action of stem cells in scalp aging, including alterations in signaling pathways, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetic regulation, etc. Furthermore, stem cell-based therapeutic strategies are summarized, such as the use of stem cells or their secreting exosomes, modulation of the stem cell microenvironment, and pharmacological interventions.

Objective: To investigate whether zerumbone ( ZER) has the effect of preventing cisplatin ( Cis) -induced acute kidney injury (Cis-AKI) . Methods: The MTT method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of ZER on the cell viability of Cis-AKI. The in vivo and in vitro models of Cis-AKI mice were estab- lished by dividing into control group , separate administration group , model group , and dose group. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments were used to detect the expression changes of kidney injury marker-1 ( KIM- 1) , phosphorylated NF-κB p65 ( P-p65 ) , Cleaved casepase3 , receptor interacting protein kinase 1 ( RIPK1) , RIPK3 , and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) . Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of KIM-1 , TNF-α , interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) . Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining confirmed the therapeutic effect of ZER on Cis-AKI. RNA-seq and cell thermal shift (CETSA) were used to explore possible target proteins. Results : MTT results showed that ZER could alleviate the decrease in cell viability of Cis-AKI ; in vivo and in vitro studies showed that compared with the model group , after treatment with ZER , its KIM-1 , P-p65 , Cleaved casepased3 , RIPK1 , RIPK3 , TNF -α expres- sion decreased significantly , and the mRNA expression of KIM-1 , TNF-α , IL-6 mRNA , and MCP-1 decreased. PAS staining showed that ZER had a therapeutic effect on Cis-AKI. RNA-seq and CETSA analysis showed that ZER might prevent and treat Cis-AKI by targeting the PIM1 protein. Conclusion ZER may alleviate Cis-AKI and im- prove inflammatory response and necroptosis by regulating PIM1 protein. ZER is expected to be a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of Cis-AKI.

Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) is a newly recognized entity of primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia with clinical and histopathological characteristics of both androgenetic alopecia and lichen planopilaris. Currently, there is still a lack of full understanding of and standardized treatment protocols for FAPD, which is prone to be clinically underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in FAPD in terms of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment, in order to facilitate its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of high-flux hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion in patients with uremia.Methods:Eighty patients with uremia who received treatment at the Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (Quzhou People's Hospital) from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected for this prospective randomized controlled trial. Participants were grouped using a random number table method, with 40 patients in the study group receiving high-flux hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion, and 40 patients in the control group receiving high-flux hemodialysis alone. Toxicity clearance, calcium-phosphate metabolism, immune function, and vascular endothelial function were assessed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence assay, fully automated biochemical analyzers, and immunoturbidimetric assay. The differences in toxicity clearance, calcium-phosphate metabolism, immune function, and vascular endothelial function were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with before treatment, both groups showed a significant decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH), blood creatinine, β 2-microglobulin, blood urea nitrogen, blood phosphorus, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and homocysteine (Hcy) after treatment. Specifically, PTH levels decreased from (353.28 ± 50.26) ng/L to (235.26 ± 31.51) ng/L in the control group and from (357.17 ± 52.18) ng/L to (174.16 ± 26.35) ng/L in the study group; blood creatinine decreased from (969.47 ± 110.44) μmol/L to (511.57 ± 91.96) μmol/L in the control group and from (957.58 ± 121.99) μmol/L to (414.37 ± 87.41) μmol/L in the study group; β 2-microglobulin decreased from (40.27 ± 7.98) mg/L to (22.06 ± 3.26) mg/L in the control group and from (41.65 ± 8.40) mg/L to (17.70 ± 3.43) mg/L in the study group; blood urea nitrogen decreased from (30.64 ± 5.63) mmol/L to (14.02 ± 2.80) mmol/L in the control group and from (30.04 ± 5.90) mmol/L to (10.07 ± 1.94) mmol/L in the study group; blood phosphorus decreased from (2.23 ± 0.49) mmol/L to (1.80 ± 0.36) mmol/L in the control group and from (2.26 ± 0.53) mmol/L to (1.53 ± 0.31) mmol/L in the study group ; Hcy decreased from (35.87 ± 5.34) μmol/L to (30.93 ± 4.65) μmol/L in the control group and from (36.21 ± 5.27) μmol/L to (20.26 ± 4.53) μmol/L in the study group; ICAM-1 decreased from (574.96 ± 56.81) ng/L to (419.87 ± 40.76) ng/L in the control group and from (569.84 ± 52.37) ng/L to (384.51 ± 35.12) ng/L in the study group; AGEs levels decreased from (330.41 ± 43.69) mg/L to (297.64 ± 38.59) mg/L in the control group and from (326.98 ± 41.25) mg/L to (165.42 ± 15.74) mg/L in the study group. Conversely, compared with before treatment,blood calcium, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, CD 4+, CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio, complement 3, and complement 4 all increased after treatment. Specifically, blood calcium increased from (1.90 ± 0.43) mmol/L to (2.27 ± 0.32) mmol/L in the control group and from (1.93 ± 0.46) mmol/L to (2.61 ± 0.36) mmol/L in the study group; IgG increased from (7.73 ± 1.56) g/L to (9.21 ± 2.04) g/L in the control group and from (7.82 ± 1.62) g/L to (10.7 ± 2.02) g/L in the study group; IgM increased from (0.42 ± 0.07) g/L to (1.29 ± 0.11) g/L in the control group and from (0.40 ± 0.08) g/L to (1.52 ± 0.08) g/L in the study group; IgA increased from (0.44 ± 0.16) g/L to (1.54 ± 0.25) g/L in the control group and from (0.48 ± 0.19) g/L to (1.93 ± 0.38) g/L in the study group; CD 4+ increased from (32.77 ± 5.71)% to (38.18 ± 4.92)% in the control group and from (32.11 ± 5.34)% to (46.07 ± 4.95)% in the study group; the CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio increased from (1.07 ± 0.14) to (1.29 ± 0.15) in the control group and from (1.07 ± 0.17) to (1.61 ± 0.26) in the study group; C3 increased from (0.80 ± 0.12) g/L to (1.01 ± 0.20) g/L in the control group and from (0.79 ± 0.14) g/L to (1.19 ± 0.23) g/L in the study group; and C4 increased from (0.32 ± 0.15) g/L to (0.67 ± 0.17) g/L in the control group and from (0.33 ± 0.14) g/L to (0.86 ± 0.12) g/L in the study group. All these differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( t = 12.01, 19.47, 33.98, 33.72, 17.64, 20.36, 22.75, 24.28, 19.25, 22.77, 4.71, 29.54, 32.01, 27.39, -5.06, -11.39, -4.79, -9.65, -61.55, -97.13, -36.63, -32.21, -7.71, -16.90, -5.78, -11.34, -9.21, -13.28, -13.25, -33.73, all P < 0.05). Additionally, when compared with the control group, the study group showed superior results ( t = -9.40, -4.84, -5.82, -7.33, -3.59, -10.40, -4.16, -20.07, 4.47, 3.28, 5.43, 7.14, 6.73, 3.73, 5.76, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:High-flux hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion for the treatment of uremia can effectively improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism and vascular endothelial function, as well as enhance immune function and toxicity clearance rate.

Objective:To investigate the effects of warm compresses with Jianlou Decoction combined with aspirin enteric coated tablets on the function of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and hemodynamics in patients with uremia. Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 90 patients with uremia who underwent AVF creation at Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (Quzhou People's Hospital), from January 2018 to December 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (45 patients receiving aspirin enteric coated tablets) and a study group (45 patients receiving warm compresses with Jianlou Decoction combined with aspirin enteric coated tablets). The internal diameter and blood flow of the fistula, vascular endothelial function, hemodynamics, the presence of vascular murmurs, elasticity, fistula patency and function, and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results:After 1 month of treatment, the internal diameter of AVF increased in each group [study group: (6.69 ± 1.93) mm vs. (5.02 ± 1.56) mm; control group: (5.69 ± 1.78) mm vs. (4.93 ± 1.30) mm] compared with before treatment ( t = 8.29, 2.63, both P < 0.05). The blood flow of AVF increased in each group [study group: (530.49 ± 91.88) mL/min vs. (236.51 ± 21.84) mL/min; control group: (418.16 ± 53.87) mL/min vs. (242.36 ± 22.33) mL/min] compared with before treatment ( t = 23.85, 28.69, both P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the internal diameter and blood flow of AVF in the study group were greater compared with those in the control group ( t = 2.55, 7.07, both P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the levels of endothelin-1 in each group significantly decreased compared with before treatment [control group: (64.83 ± 11.80) μmol/L vs. (102.48 ± 16.60) μmol/L; study group: (49.48 ± 12.15) μmol/L vs. (104.60 ± 16.52) μmol/L] compared with before treatment ( t = -19.13, -23.51, both P < 0.05). The levels of nitric oxide [control group: (95.65 ± 14.87) ng/L vs. (78.56 ± 13.47) ng/L; study group: (86.36 ± 14.68) ng/L vs. (76.59 ± 13.56) ng/L], vascular diameter [control group: (7.20 ± 0.63) mm vs. (2.53 ± 0.50) mm; study group: (5.42 ± 0.66) mm vs. (2.47 ± 0.55) mm], vascular wall thickness [control group: (0.82 ± 0.05) mm vs. (0.28 ± 0.07) mm; study group: (0.60 ± 0.05) mm vs. (0.29 ± 0.10) mm], and blood flow [control group: (825.00 ± 65.00) mL/min vs. (314.84 ± 72.75) mL/min; study group: (623.71 ± 74.19) mL/min vs. (321.24 ± 71.62) mL/min] in each group significantly increased compared with before treatment ( t = 9.50, 4.99, 48.94, 26.89, 48.33, 22.11, 55.92, 29.50, all P < 0.05). Additionally, after 1 month of treatment, the levels of endothelin-1 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 6.08, P < 0.05). The levels of nitric oxide, vascular diameter, vascular wall thickness, and blood flow in the study group were greater than those in the control group ( t = 2.98, 13.15, 21.99, 13.69, all P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the shear stress of the radial artery in each group decreased significantly compared with before treatment [control group: (42.96 ± 6.54) dyne/cm2 vs. (47.62 ± 7.36) dyne/cm2; study group: (34.31 ± 6.71) dyne/cm2 vs. (46.71 ± 7.56) dyne/cm2, t = -13.30, -4.67, both P < 0.05]. The blood flow velocity at the venous end of the anastomosis significantly increased in both groups compared with pre-treatment levels [control group: (85.51 ± 8.48) cm/s vs. (74.60 ± 10.80) cm/s; study group: (119.18 ± 10.27) cm/s vs. (73.27 ± 10.37) cm/s, t = 35.92, 10.03, both P < 0.05]. The shear stress of the radial artery in the study group was lower ( t = -6.18, P < 0.05), while the blood flow velocity at the venous end of the anastomosis was higher ( t = 16.95, P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The incidence of vascular murmurs [11.11% (5/45) vs. 28.89% (13/45)] and the failure/reconstruction rate of the fistula [4.44% (2/45) vs. 24.44% (11/45)] were significantly lower compared with the control group ( Z = -2.10, -2.68, both P < 0.05). The rate of good vascular elasticity [93.33% (42/45) vs. 71.11% (32/45)] and the patency rate of the AVF [93.33% (42/45) vs. 73.33% (33/45) in the study group were significantly higher compared with the control group ( Z = 2.74, 2.53, both P < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group [2.22% (1/45) vs. 20.00% (9/45), χ2 = 7.20, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Warm compresses with Jianlou Decoction combined with aspirin enteric coated tablets can increase the internal diameter and blood flow of AVF in patients with uremia, improve endothelial function and hemodynamics, reduce thrombus formation, enhance fistula function and patency rates, and decrease the incidence of fistula failure/reconstruction and complications.

Changes in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) can affect scalp aging and hair growth. With increasing age, HFSCs exhibit a decrease in quiescence maintenance and self-renewal capacity, as well as differentiation potential, leading to shortened hair growth cycles and even hair loss. This review summarizes recent research advances in the multifactorial interactions underlying hair loss, including the regulatory mechanisms of HFSC quiescence, the impact of aging on HFSC function, and aging of the stem cell microenvironment. Additionally, this review discusses the relationship between stem cells and hair shafts, and the mechanisms of action of stem cells in scalp aging, including alterations in signaling pathways, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetic regulation, etc. Furthermore, stem cell-based therapeutic strategies are summarized, such as the use of stem cells or their secreting exosomes, modulation of the stem cell microenvironment, and pharmacological interventions.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of high-flux hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion in patients with uremia.Methods:Eighty patients with uremia who received treatment at the Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (Quzhou People's Hospital) from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected for this prospective randomized controlled trial. Participants were grouped using a random number table method, with 40 patients in the study group receiving high-flux hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion, and 40 patients in the control group receiving high-flux hemodialysis alone. Toxicity clearance, calcium-phosphate metabolism, immune function, and vascular endothelial function were assessed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence assay, fully automated biochemical analyzers, and immunoturbidimetric assay. The differences in toxicity clearance, calcium-phosphate metabolism, immune function, and vascular endothelial function were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with before treatment, both groups showed a significant decrease in parathyroid hormone (PTH), blood creatinine, β 2-microglobulin, blood urea nitrogen, blood phosphorus, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and homocysteine (Hcy) after treatment. Specifically, PTH levels decreased from (353.28 ± 50.26) ng/L to (235.26 ± 31.51) ng/L in the control group and from (357.17 ± 52.18) ng/L to (174.16 ± 26.35) ng/L in the study group; blood creatinine decreased from (969.47 ± 110.44) μmol/L to (511.57 ± 91.96) μmol/L in the control group and from (957.58 ± 121.99) μmol/L to (414.37 ± 87.41) μmol/L in the study group; β 2-microglobulin decreased from (40.27 ± 7.98) mg/L to (22.06 ± 3.26) mg/L in the control group and from (41.65 ± 8.40) mg/L to (17.70 ± 3.43) mg/L in the study group; blood urea nitrogen decreased from (30.64 ± 5.63) mmol/L to (14.02 ± 2.80) mmol/L in the control group and from (30.04 ± 5.90) mmol/L to (10.07 ± 1.94) mmol/L in the study group; blood phosphorus decreased from (2.23 ± 0.49) mmol/L to (1.80 ± 0.36) mmol/L in the control group and from (2.26 ± 0.53) mmol/L to (1.53 ± 0.31) mmol/L in the study group ; Hcy decreased from (35.87 ± 5.34) μmol/L to (30.93 ± 4.65) μmol/L in the control group and from (36.21 ± 5.27) μmol/L to (20.26 ± 4.53) μmol/L in the study group; ICAM-1 decreased from (574.96 ± 56.81) ng/L to (419.87 ± 40.76) ng/L in the control group and from (569.84 ± 52.37) ng/L to (384.51 ± 35.12) ng/L in the study group; AGEs levels decreased from (330.41 ± 43.69) mg/L to (297.64 ± 38.59) mg/L in the control group and from (326.98 ± 41.25) mg/L to (165.42 ± 15.74) mg/L in the study group. Conversely, compared with before treatment,blood calcium, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, CD 4+, CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio, complement 3, and complement 4 all increased after treatment. Specifically, blood calcium increased from (1.90 ± 0.43) mmol/L to (2.27 ± 0.32) mmol/L in the control group and from (1.93 ± 0.46) mmol/L to (2.61 ± 0.36) mmol/L in the study group; IgG increased from (7.73 ± 1.56) g/L to (9.21 ± 2.04) g/L in the control group and from (7.82 ± 1.62) g/L to (10.7 ± 2.02) g/L in the study group; IgM increased from (0.42 ± 0.07) g/L to (1.29 ± 0.11) g/L in the control group and from (0.40 ± 0.08) g/L to (1.52 ± 0.08) g/L in the study group; IgA increased from (0.44 ± 0.16) g/L to (1.54 ± 0.25) g/L in the control group and from (0.48 ± 0.19) g/L to (1.93 ± 0.38) g/L in the study group; CD 4+ increased from (32.77 ± 5.71)% to (38.18 ± 4.92)% in the control group and from (32.11 ± 5.34)% to (46.07 ± 4.95)% in the study group; the CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio increased from (1.07 ± 0.14) to (1.29 ± 0.15) in the control group and from (1.07 ± 0.17) to (1.61 ± 0.26) in the study group; C3 increased from (0.80 ± 0.12) g/L to (1.01 ± 0.20) g/L in the control group and from (0.79 ± 0.14) g/L to (1.19 ± 0.23) g/L in the study group; and C4 increased from (0.32 ± 0.15) g/L to (0.67 ± 0.17) g/L in the control group and from (0.33 ± 0.14) g/L to (0.86 ± 0.12) g/L in the study group. All these differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( t = 12.01, 19.47, 33.98, 33.72, 17.64, 20.36, 22.75, 24.28, 19.25, 22.77, 4.71, 29.54, 32.01, 27.39, -5.06, -11.39, -4.79, -9.65, -61.55, -97.13, -36.63, -32.21, -7.71, -16.90, -5.78, -11.34, -9.21, -13.28, -13.25, -33.73, all P < 0.05). Additionally, when compared with the control group, the study group showed superior results ( t = -9.40, -4.84, -5.82, -7.33, -3.59, -10.40, -4.16, -20.07, 4.47, 3.28, 5.43, 7.14, 6.73, 3.73, 5.76, all P < 0.05). Conclusions:High-flux hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion for the treatment of uremia can effectively improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism and vascular endothelial function, as well as enhance immune function and toxicity clearance rate.

Objective:To investigate the effects of warm compresses with Jianlou Decoction combined with aspirin enteric coated tablets on the function of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and hemodynamics in patients with uremia. Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 90 patients with uremia who underwent AVF creation at Quzhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University (Quzhou People's Hospital), from January 2018 to December 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (45 patients receiving aspirin enteric coated tablets) and a study group (45 patients receiving warm compresses with Jianlou Decoction combined with aspirin enteric coated tablets). The internal diameter and blood flow of the fistula, vascular endothelial function, hemodynamics, the presence of vascular murmurs, elasticity, fistula patency and function, and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results:After 1 month of treatment, the internal diameter of AVF increased in each group [study group: (6.69 ± 1.93) mm vs. (5.02 ± 1.56) mm; control group: (5.69 ± 1.78) mm vs. (4.93 ± 1.30) mm] compared with before treatment ( t = 8.29, 2.63, both P < 0.05). The blood flow of AVF increased in each group [study group: (530.49 ± 91.88) mL/min vs. (236.51 ± 21.84) mL/min; control group: (418.16 ± 53.87) mL/min vs. (242.36 ± 22.33) mL/min] compared with before treatment ( t = 23.85, 28.69, both P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the internal diameter and blood flow of AVF in the study group were greater compared with those in the control group ( t = 2.55, 7.07, both P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the levels of endothelin-1 in each group significantly decreased compared with before treatment [control group: (64.83 ± 11.80) μmol/L vs. (102.48 ± 16.60) μmol/L; study group: (49.48 ± 12.15) μmol/L vs. (104.60 ± 16.52) μmol/L] compared with before treatment ( t = -19.13, -23.51, both P < 0.05). The levels of nitric oxide [control group: (95.65 ± 14.87) ng/L vs. (78.56 ± 13.47) ng/L; study group: (86.36 ± 14.68) ng/L vs. (76.59 ± 13.56) ng/L], vascular diameter [control group: (7.20 ± 0.63) mm vs. (2.53 ± 0.50) mm; study group: (5.42 ± 0.66) mm vs. (2.47 ± 0.55) mm], vascular wall thickness [control group: (0.82 ± 0.05) mm vs. (0.28 ± 0.07) mm; study group: (0.60 ± 0.05) mm vs. (0.29 ± 0.10) mm], and blood flow [control group: (825.00 ± 65.00) mL/min vs. (314.84 ± 72.75) mL/min; study group: (623.71 ± 74.19) mL/min vs. (321.24 ± 71.62) mL/min] in each group significantly increased compared with before treatment ( t = 9.50, 4.99, 48.94, 26.89, 48.33, 22.11, 55.92, 29.50, all P < 0.05). Additionally, after 1 month of treatment, the levels of endothelin-1 in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t = 6.08, P < 0.05). The levels of nitric oxide, vascular diameter, vascular wall thickness, and blood flow in the study group were greater than those in the control group ( t = 2.98, 13.15, 21.99, 13.69, all P < 0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the shear stress of the radial artery in each group decreased significantly compared with before treatment [control group: (42.96 ± 6.54) dyne/cm2 vs. (47.62 ± 7.36) dyne/cm2; study group: (34.31 ± 6.71) dyne/cm2 vs. (46.71 ± 7.56) dyne/cm2, t = -13.30, -4.67, both P < 0.05]. The blood flow velocity at the venous end of the anastomosis significantly increased in both groups compared with pre-treatment levels [control group: (85.51 ± 8.48) cm/s vs. (74.60 ± 10.80) cm/s; study group: (119.18 ± 10.27) cm/s vs. (73.27 ± 10.37) cm/s, t = 35.92, 10.03, both P < 0.05]. The shear stress of the radial artery in the study group was lower ( t = -6.18, P < 0.05), while the blood flow velocity at the venous end of the anastomosis was higher ( t = 16.95, P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The incidence of vascular murmurs [11.11% (5/45) vs. 28.89% (13/45)] and the failure/reconstruction rate of the fistula [4.44% (2/45) vs. 24.44% (11/45)] were significantly lower compared with the control group ( Z = -2.10, -2.68, both P < 0.05). The rate of good vascular elasticity [93.33% (42/45) vs. 71.11% (32/45)] and the patency rate of the AVF [93.33% (42/45) vs. 73.33% (33/45) in the study group were significantly higher compared with the control group ( Z = 2.74, 2.53, both P < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group [2.22% (1/45) vs. 20.00% (9/45), χ2 = 7.20, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Warm compresses with Jianlou Decoction combined with aspirin enteric coated tablets can increase the internal diameter and blood flow of AVF in patients with uremia, improve endothelial function and hemodynamics, reduce thrombus formation, enhance fistula function and patency rates, and decrease the incidence of fistula failure/reconstruction and complications.

Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) is a newly recognized entity of primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia with clinical and histopathological characteristics of both androgenetic alopecia and lichen planopilaris. Currently, there is still a lack of full understanding of and standardized treatment protocols for FAPD, which is prone to be clinically underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in FAPD in terms of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment, in order to facilitate its clinical diagnosis and treatment.