Chronic prostatitis,a common condition in andrology,is clinically characterized by a prolonged course,resistance to treatment,and frequent recurrence.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is classified under the categories of"turbid sperm,""overstrain strangury,"and"vaginal pain."Based on the"host-guest interaction-collateral disease"theory,we believe that healthy qi deficiency,latent pathogenic factors,and collateral obstruction are the primary pathological factors of this disease,which run through the entire process of chronic prostatitis occurrence and development.Accordingly,we propose that obstruction of collaterals and apathesia of the semen chamber are the core pathogenesis.The disease progression can be divided into three pathological stages:"deficiency,depression,and blood stasis."Spleen and kidney deficiency and malnutrition of collaterals form the pathological foundation.In the deficiency stage,treatment strategies involve reinforcing qi and nourishing the collaterals,using Fuzheng Yangrong Decoction.During disease progression,dampness and heat invasion,as well as collateral stagnation qi,are key contributors to disease progression.Thus,treatment focuses on clearing heat and dampness,promoting qi flow,and smoothing the collaterals,achieved with a modified Qiantongding Decoction.In the final stage,blood stasis and collateral obstruction dominate,warranting therapeutic strategies aimed at tonifying and removing blood stasis,addressing both the body and the collaterals simultaneously using the modified Guiling Huayu Decoction.Overall,the clinical treatment generally focuses on the concept of function through free flow,combination of unblocking and tonifying.This study provides a novel perspective and reference for clinical differentiation and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia obesity is characterized by the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity with a continuously increasing prevalence.Aerobic exercise can alleviate the progression of sarcopenic obesity,but the overall metabolic changes in skeletal muscle after exercise are still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of exercise on various aspects of the energy metabolic pathways in the skeletal muscle of mice with sarcopenic obesity.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control(normal diet)and model(high-fat diet)groups.After 12 weeks of feeding,sarcopenic obesity model mice were screened by body mass and behavior assessments.The sarcopenia obesity mice were then divided into the sedentary and exercise groups.Mice in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill training on the basis of a high-fat diet.After 8 weeks of intervention,body mass,lipid metabolism,muscle volume of calf muscle group of the hind limb,skeletal muscle morphology,and expressions of energy metabolic pathway-related genes were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group,the levels of triglycerides,total cholesterol,and free fatty acid in the sedentary group were significantly increased,along with significantly increased lipid droplets in skeletal muscle(P<0.05).Compared with the sedentary group,all of the above indicators in the exercise group showed a significant decreasing trend(P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,grip strength and fatigue latency time,muscle volume,and fiber cross-sectional area were significantly decreased in the sedentary group,but the mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and Murf-1 was elevated(P<0.05).Compared with the sedentary group,grip strength and fatigue latency time,muscle volume,and fiber cross-sectional area were significantly improved in the exercise group(P<0.05),while the mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and Murf-1 was reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the mRNA expression of intramuscular transcription factors Pparα and Pgc-1α was decreased in the sedentary group(P<0.05),the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes Srebp1c and Fasn was elevated(P<0.05),and the mRNA expression of the β-oxidation system Cpt1β,Acox1,Acox3 and fatty acid metabolism Arf1 and Plin3 was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the sedentary group,the abnormal expression of the above genes was significantly reversed in the exercise group(P<0.05).To conclude,aerobic exercise can alleviate lipid deposition and improve muscle quality and strength of sarcopenic obesity mice by regulating the expression of genes in the intramuscular energy metabolism network.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 3-18 years from 11 provinces, antonomous regions, or municipalities.Methods:This national cross-sectional community health survey utilized a multistage stratified cluster-random sampling method to recruit 193 997 nationally representative participants from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities between January 2017 and December 2019. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing participants′ dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were employed to identify the potential risk factors.Results:The cohort comprised 193 997 children (102 178 boys, 91 819 girls),aged (10±4) years. Overall prevalence rates were 30 574(15.8%)overweight children and 17 217(8.9%) obesity children. Boys exhibited higher overweight and obesity rates than girls (17.0% (17 368/102 178) vs. 14.4% (13 206/102 178), 11.3% (11 553/91 819) vs. 6.2% (5 664/91 819), χ2=249.12,1 578.69,both P<0.001). The detection rates of obesity in Tanner stage 2 and 3 were the highest in boys and girls, with 13.4%(2 231/16 665) and 8.6%(880/10 221) respectively. Risk factors for obesity included parental overweight (paternal OR=2.34 and maternal OR=2.29), annual household income of 100 000-200 000 yuan (compared with<100 000 yuan, OR=1.04), higher paternal education (compared with below high school,high school and a college education OR=1.09,1.14), birth weight >4.0 kg (≤5 and>5 years old OR=1.74, 1.44,respectively), and western food consumption≥1 time/month (compared with<1, 1-2, 3-4,>4 times/month OR=1.36, 1.30, 1.67(≤5 years), 1.19, 1.16, 1.15 (>5 years), respectively) (all P<0.05). Conversely, coarse grain intake≥1 times/week (compared with<1 times/week, every day, 3-4, 1-2 times/week OR=0.74, 0.80, 0.71 (≤5 years), 0.75, 0.87, 0.90(>5 years), respectively, all P<0.05) was associated with reduced obesity risk. Conclusions:Obesity epidemiology in children demonstrates significant heterogeneity across age, gender, geographic regions, and pubertal stages. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.

Chronic prostatitis,a common condition in andrology,is clinically characterized by a prolonged course,resistance to treatment,and frequent recurrence.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is classified under the categories of"turbid sperm,""overstrain strangury,"and"vaginal pain."Based on the"host-guest interaction-collateral disease"theory,we believe that healthy qi deficiency,latent pathogenic factors,and collateral obstruction are the primary pathological factors of this disease,which run through the entire process of chronic prostatitis occurrence and development.Accordingly,we propose that obstruction of collaterals and apathesia of the semen chamber are the core pathogenesis.The disease progression can be divided into three pathological stages:"deficiency,depression,and blood stasis."Spleen and kidney deficiency and malnutrition of collaterals form the pathological foundation.In the deficiency stage,treatment strategies involve reinforcing qi and nourishing the collaterals,using Fuzheng Yangrong Decoction.During disease progression,dampness and heat invasion,as well as collateral stagnation qi,are key contributors to disease progression.Thus,treatment focuses on clearing heat and dampness,promoting qi flow,and smoothing the collaterals,achieved with a modified Qiantongding Decoction.In the final stage,blood stasis and collateral obstruction dominate,warranting therapeutic strategies aimed at tonifying and removing blood stasis,addressing both the body and the collaterals simultaneously using the modified Guiling Huayu Decoction.Overall,the clinical treatment generally focuses on the concept of function through free flow,combination of unblocking and tonifying.This study provides a novel perspective and reference for clinical differentiation and treatment of chronic prostatitis.

BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia obesity is characterized by the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity with a continuously increasing prevalence.Aerobic exercise can alleviate the progression of sarcopenic obesity,but the overall metabolic changes in skeletal muscle after exercise are still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of exercise on various aspects of the energy metabolic pathways in the skeletal muscle of mice with sarcopenic obesity.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control(normal diet)and model(high-fat diet)groups.After 12 weeks of feeding,sarcopenic obesity model mice were screened by body mass and behavior assessments.The sarcopenia obesity mice were then divided into the sedentary and exercise groups.Mice in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill training on the basis of a high-fat diet.After 8 weeks of intervention,body mass,lipid metabolism,muscle volume of calf muscle group of the hind limb,skeletal muscle morphology,and expressions of energy metabolic pathway-related genes were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group,the levels of triglycerides,total cholesterol,and free fatty acid in the sedentary group were significantly increased,along with significantly increased lipid droplets in skeletal muscle(P<0.05).Compared with the sedentary group,all of the above indicators in the exercise group showed a significant decreasing trend(P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,grip strength and fatigue latency time,muscle volume,and fiber cross-sectional area were significantly decreased in the sedentary group,but the mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and Murf-1 was elevated(P<0.05).Compared with the sedentary group,grip strength and fatigue latency time,muscle volume,and fiber cross-sectional area were significantly improved in the exercise group(P<0.05),while the mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and Murf-1 was reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the mRNA expression of intramuscular transcription factors Pparα and Pgc-1α was decreased in the sedentary group(P<0.05),the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes Srebp1c and Fasn was elevated(P<0.05),and the mRNA expression of the β-oxidation system Cpt1β,Acox1,Acox3 and fatty acid metabolism Arf1 and Plin3 was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the sedentary group,the abnormal expression of the above genes was significantly reversed in the exercise group(P<0.05).To conclude,aerobic exercise can alleviate lipid deposition and improve muscle quality and strength of sarcopenic obesity mice by regulating the expression of genes in the intramuscular energy metabolism network.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among Chinese children aged 3-18 years from 11 provinces, antonomous regions, or municipalities.Methods:This national cross-sectional community health survey utilized a multistage stratified cluster-random sampling method to recruit 193 997 nationally representative participants from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities between January 2017 and December 2019. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires assessing participants′ dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were employed to identify the potential risk factors.Results:The cohort comprised 193 997 children (102 178 boys, 91 819 girls),aged (10±4) years. Overall prevalence rates were 30 574(15.8%)overweight children and 17 217(8.9%) obesity children. Boys exhibited higher overweight and obesity rates than girls (17.0% (17 368/102 178) vs. 14.4% (13 206/102 178), 11.3% (11 553/91 819) vs. 6.2% (5 664/91 819), χ2=249.12,1 578.69,both P<0.001). The detection rates of obesity in Tanner stage 2 and 3 were the highest in boys and girls, with 13.4%(2 231/16 665) and 8.6%(880/10 221) respectively. Risk factors for obesity included parental overweight (paternal OR=2.34 and maternal OR=2.29), annual household income of 100 000-200 000 yuan (compared with<100 000 yuan, OR=1.04), higher paternal education (compared with below high school,high school and a college education OR=1.09,1.14), birth weight >4.0 kg (≤5 and>5 years old OR=1.74, 1.44,respectively), and western food consumption≥1 time/month (compared with<1, 1-2, 3-4,>4 times/month OR=1.36, 1.30, 1.67(≤5 years), 1.19, 1.16, 1.15 (>5 years), respectively) (all P<0.05). Conversely, coarse grain intake≥1 times/week (compared with<1 times/week, every day, 3-4, 1-2 times/week OR=0.74, 0.80, 0.71 (≤5 years), 0.75, 0.87, 0.90(>5 years), respectively, all P<0.05) was associated with reduced obesity risk. Conclusions:Obesity epidemiology in children demonstrates significant heterogeneity across age, gender, geographic regions, and pubertal stages. It is necessary to establish a personalized prevention and control strategy.

Objective: To ensure the quality of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. and improve the associated benefits for stakeholders, this study analyzed the influences of different circulation channels and stakeholders on the quality, price, and other factors of P. frutescens with consideration to P. frutescens distribution. Method: We interviewed the local stakeholders and e-commerce platforms in Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner regarding the origin, circulation, distribution, and prices of different medicinal parts of P. frutescens. In addition, the maximum entropy model was used to predict the potential distribution of P. frutescens in the study area. According to the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2020 edition), we measured the content of index components in the collected Perillae Folium, Perillae Caulis, and Perillae Fructus samples and evaluated the quality of the samples by quantitative and cluster analyses. Remote sensing was employed to distinguish and calculate the P. frutescens area in highly suitable regions. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was adopted to analyze the Perillae Fructus price in the study area. Result: The results showed 8 value chains for P. frutescens. The cooperation chain between farmers and enterprises in the study area could maximize the benefits for all stakeholders and guarantee the quality of the medicinal materials. The results of the regionalization analysis showed that themost suitable area for planting P. frutescens was the junction between Oroqen Autonomous Banner and Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner. Chemical results showed that Perillae Fructus and Perillae Caulis samples were unqualified andmostly purchased from e-commerce platforms. We identified 5 land types, among which the cultivated land area was 3247.7501 km . The price of Perillae Fructus in the study area showed a rising trend, although this trend slowed down. Conclusion: This study involved various links in the production and circulation of medicinal materials from planting to consumption by consumers, which can help to facilitate the future research on any link. The findings help to guarantee the quality of medicinal materials and benefits of all stakeholders and promote the development of the P. frutescens industry in the study area.

Objective:To establish UPLC fingerprint method of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and determination method of acteoside and linarin.Methods:UPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of 17 batches of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction. Similarity evaluation and clustering analysis were carried out on the fingerprints of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction; the chromatographic peaks of standard decoction were identified by mass spectrometry and compared with the reference materials; the contents of acteoside and linarin in Buddlejae Flos standard decoction were determined by HPLC.Results:There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprint of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and 6 of them were identified. The similarity of the 17 batch samples was between 0.972 and 0.999. Clustering analysis classified 17 batches of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction into two categories; edgeworthia chrysantha standard decoction was identified by the method of fingerprint as counterfeit; the content determination results showed that the contents of acteoside and linarin in the standard decoction prepared from Buddlejae Flos of in Hubei and Sichuan Provinces were higher than others and were more stable.Conclusion:The method can be used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Buddlejae Flos standard decoction and provide reference for establishing the quality standard of Buddlejae Flos dispensing granules.

Objective:Correct chest compression posture (CCP) is an important basis for high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but the research on CCP was still very limited. In this study, a new automatic analysis model was developed to achieve the purpose of objectification, standardization and automation of CCP monitoring.Methods:A total of 15 participants, including 11 professionals and 4 nonprofessionals, were recruited to participate in the field experiment. The video data were recorded simultaneously with zed cameras in the front and 45-degree sides. All participants performed 120 consecutive external chest compression operations on the Smartman CPR simulator. Three experts annotated the videos independently. An intelligent algorithm was used to extract human bone points for subsequent analysis and model development. The chi-square test was used to compare the rates of the professional and nonprofessional groups.Results:The results showed that problems with wrists, fingers, center of body weight and elbow bending had the highest incidence. Through 28 800 sets of standard human skeleton point coordinate data, we obtained a reasonable range of arm angles of 169.24°- 180.00° for the left arm and 168.49°-180.00° for the right arm. By the same method, the reasonable range of the center of gravity angle is 0.00°-18.46°. Based on these results, a new chest compression posture detection model based on a dual ZED camera was developed, which can accurately identify CCP errors (accuracy 91.31%; sensitivity 80.16%; specificity 93.53%).Conclusions:This study innovatively proposed an objective evaluation method for CCP. Moreover, a new chest compression posture detection model based on a dual ZED camera was developed, which can accurately identify CCP errors to achieve automation and standardization of quality control in CPR training.

Objective:To investigate the effects of abdominal Tuina(Chinese therapeutic massage)on behavioral function,5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor(5-HT1AR),and synapsin-1(Syn1)in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries(HIBI). Methods:Forty healthy neonatal rats,born of 5 specific pathogen-free healthy pregnant rats,were randomly divided into a group for modeling(n=28)and a sham operation group(n=12)on the 7th day of birth.In the group for modeling,24 neonatal rats with HIBI successfully established by the Rice method were randomly divided into a model group(n=12)and an abdominal Tuina group(n=12).The abdominal Tuina group was given abdominal Tuina for 28 d from 24 h after modeling,and the other groups were put under the same conditions but without any treatments.Rats in each group were subjected to suspension tests on the 7th,14th,21st,and 28th days of intervention.After the intervention,the rat hippocampal tissue was collected and stained with hematoxylin-eosin to observe the pathological changes in the rat hippocampal CA1 region.The 5-HT1AR expression in rat hippocampal CA1 region was detected by immune-histochemistry.The Syn1 expression in rat hippocampus was measured by Western blotting method. Results:The cells were disordered,and edema and necrosis appeared in the hippocampal CA1 region of the model group.Cell arrangement was clear,and edema was improved obviously in the hippocampal CA1 region of the abdominal Tuina group.Compared with the sham operation group,the suspension test scores,the number of 5-HT1AR positive cells,and Syn1 protein expression in the hippocampus decreased significantly in the model group after 21 d and 28 d of interventions(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the suspension test scores,the number of 5-HT1AR positive cells,and Syn1 protein expression increased significantly in the abdominal Tuina group after 21 d and 28 d of interventions(P<0.05). Conclusion:Abdominal Tuina improves the behavioral function of upper limbs and up-regulates the expression levels of 5-HT1AR and Syn1 in the hippocampus of neonatal HIBI rats.