ObjectiveTo evaluate the antitumor activity of Periplaneta americana extract（PAE） against human-derived lung adenocarcinoma organoids（LUAD-PDOs） and to elucidate its potential mechanism based on transcriptomics. MethodsFresh tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with LUAD were collected to construct LUAD-PDOs and normal lung organoid（Nor-PDOs） models using 3D organoid culture technology. The effective intervention concentration of PAE was determined using the cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay. Experimental groups included the model group（LUAD-PDOs）， normal group， model administration group（LUAD-PDOs+PAE）， and normal administration group（Nor-PDOs+PAE）. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological structures of PDOs， immunohistochemistry（IHC） was performed to detect the expressions of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and lung adenocarcinoma differentiation markers cytokeratin-7（CK-7） and Napsin A， TUNEL staining was applied to detect cell apoptosis. RNA sequencing（RNA-Seq） was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes（DEGs）， followed by Gene Ontology（GO）， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG）， and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis（GSEA）， alongside protein-protein interaction（PPI） network analysis to screen core mechanisms. Finally， key targets were validated by integrating external database analysis with immunofluorescence（IF）. ResultsNor-PDOs and LUAD-PDOs that highly recapitulated the pathological characteristics of the primary tissues were successfully established. The CCK-8 assay determined that the effective intervention concentration of PAE was 16 g·L^-1. Morphological observation showed that Nor-PDOs exhibited lumen-forming structures， whereas LUAD-PDOs displayed dense， solid structures. CCK-8 and TUNEL assays revealed that， compared with the model group， PAE intervention inhibited the proliferation of LUAD-PDOs and promoted apoptosis in LUAD cells， while showing no significant effect on the viability of Nor-PDOs. Transcriptomic analysis identified 719 DEGs that were significantly reversed after PAE intervention（347 up-regulated and 372 down-regulated）（P<0.05）. GO enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs in the model administration group were significantly enriched in biological processes related to cell cycle regulation compared to the model group. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that PAE affected pathways related to proliferation and metabolism， including pathways in cancer and the p53 signaling pathway. GSEA further confirmed that PAE significantly enhanced the activity of the p53 signaling pathway（P<0.05）. PPI network analysis indicated that breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein（BRCA1） and checkpoint kinase 1（CHEK1） were the core down-regulated targets in the p53 pathway. IF verified the high expression of BRCA1 and CHEK1 in LUAD-PDOs and their significant downregulation after PAE intervention（P<0.05）. Furthermore， survival analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA） database indicated that low expression of BRCA1 and CHEK1 was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in patients with LUAD（P<0.05）. ConclusionPAE effectively inhibits proliferation of LUAD-PDOs and promotes their apoptosis， its anti-tumor mechanism is potentially associated with the activation of the p53 signaling pathway， with BRCA1 and CHEK1 genes likely serving as key downstream targets for the effects of PAE.

Based on LI Gao's Academic Thought， focusing on the process of qi transformation and taking the regulation and restoration of metabolism and immunity as the entry point， a "source-pivot-convergence" diagnostic and therapeutic model for malignant tumors is constructed. In this model， spleen and stomach internal injury is the source of malignant tumor occurrence， while the disorder of ascending and descending is the pivot of the disease development， and the generation of yin fire is the convergence of malignant tumor progression. Based on this， the three major therapeutic methods of clearing the source， harmonizing the pivot， and resolving the convergence are established. To fortify spleen and boost qi， consolidate the root and clear the source， modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction（补中益气汤）can be used. To raise the clear and direct the turbid downward， regulate qi and harmonize the pivot， modified Shengyang Yiwei Decoction （升阳益胃汤） is suggested. To restore balance and promote circulation， disperse accumulation and resolve convergence， modified Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction （升阳散火汤） is selected. In clinical practice， these formulas can be used in combination according to the complexity of the pathogenesis， and further adapted with prescriptions for promoting dispersion and penetrating pathogenic factors， resolving phlegm and promoting circulation， activating blood and eliminating concretions， which can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of tumor diseases.

Based on LI Gao's Academic Thought， focusing on the process of qi transformation and taking the regulation and restoration of metabolism and immunity as the entry point， a "source-pivot-convergence" diagnostic and therapeutic model for malignant tumors is constructed. In this model， spleen and stomach internal injury is the source of malignant tumor occurrence， while the disorder of ascending and descending is the pivot of the disease development， and the generation of yin fire is the convergence of malignant tumor progression. Based on this， the three major therapeutic methods of clearing the source， harmonizing the pivot， and resolving the convergence are established. To fortify spleen and boost qi， consolidate the root and clear the source， modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction（补中益气汤）can be used. To raise the clear and direct the turbid downward， regulate qi and harmonize the pivot， modified Shengyang Yiwei Decoction （升阳益胃汤） is suggested. To restore balance and promote circulation， disperse accumulation and resolve convergence， modified Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction （升阳散火汤） is selected. In clinical practice， these formulas can be used in combination according to the complexity of the pathogenesis， and further adapted with prescriptions for promoting dispersion and penetrating pathogenic factors， resolving phlegm and promoting circulation， activating blood and eliminating concretions， which can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of tumor diseases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of tooth loss in people aged 50 and above, so as to understand their oral health status and provide scientific evidences for promoting oral health of middle-aged and elderly people. MethodsA total of 400 patients who visited the department of stomatology at Sijing Hospital in Songjiang District of Shanghai were performed oral health examinations and their information was collected according to the national epidemiological survey standards for oral health. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in tooth loss among people aged 50 and above with different ages, educational levels, occupations, types of medical insurance and chronic diseases (P<0.05), but gender and monthly income had no statistically significant correlations with tooth loss (P>0.05). Among lifestyle factors, smoking, alcohol consumption and tea drinking had no statistically significant impacts on the number of remaining teeth (P>0.05), but toothbrushing frequency, flossing frequency, toothpick use frequency, toothbrush replacement frequency, and tooth loosening were statistically associated with the number of remaining teeth (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that a total of 7 related factors including age, educational level, occupation, medical payment type, chronic disease, tooth loosening and toothpick use frequency were significantly associated with the number level of remaining teeth in individuals aged 50 and above. ConclusionAge, chronic disease, and tooth loosening were influencing factors affecting the number of teeth left in people aged 50 and above. It is recommended to strengthen oral health education and improve healthcare awareness to reduce the risk of tooth loss in people aged 50 and above.

Objective Based on the intervention map to develop a comprehensive nutrition education program for pancreaticoduodenectomy patients and to explore the effect of its clinical application,aiming at providing references for clinical nursing practice.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 76 patients who were to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy in the department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery of a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province as the study subjects.The 38 patients admitted from October 2021 to September 2022 were in a control group,and the 38 patients admitted from October 2022 to July 2023 were in an experimental group.The experimental group received the comprehensive nutritional education programme constructed in this study,and the control group used conventional nutrition health education measures,and the length of intervention for both groups was from pre-hospitalization to discharge for 6 months.Nutrition-related indicators,postoperative complications,hospitalisation time,hospitalisation costs and satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 64 patients completed this study,with 33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group.Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of BMI,total serum protein and serum preprotein were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence of complications,hospitalization days and hospitalization costs of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The scores of nutrition education-related satisfaction in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.001).Conclusion A comprehensive nutritional education program based on intervention map can improve the nutritional status of pancreaticoduodenectomy patients to a certain extent,reduce the occurrence of complications,and promote patients'recovery.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) for treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and the factors affecting the prognosis.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data of 51 patients with DLBCL who underwent auto-HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2019 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into high-risk group (19 cases) and non-high-risk group (low-risk, low-moderate-risk and moderate-high-risk groups, 32 cases) based on different risk stratifications; patients were divided into the germinal center B-cell (GCB) group (29 cases) and non-GCB group (22 cases) based on different cellular origins; patients were divided into BEAM group (39 cases) and BeEAM group (12 cases) based on different conditioning regimens before auto-HSCT; patients were divided into auto-HSCT consolidation therapy group (41 cases) and auto-HSCT after relapsed/refractory group (10 cases) based on different transplantation timings. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis and log-rank was used for subgroup comparison.Results:All 51 patients achieved the hematopoietic reconstitution with no transplantation-related death within 100 d. Before auto-HSCT, 39 cases achieved complete remission and 12 cases (23.5%) achieved partial remission. After auto-HSCT, all cases achieved complete remission. Follow-up was until May 31, 2024, and the median follow-up time [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 51 DLBCL patients was 33 (8, 43) months. After 51 DLBCL patients receiving auto-HSCT, 7 patients relapsed and 6 cases died including 3 cases with relapse-related death and 3 cases with non relapse-related death. The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 78.5% (95% CI: 64.4%-92.6%) and 85.5% (95% CI: 73.2%-97.8%), respectively. The 3-year PFS rate was 94.7% (95% CI: 84.7%-104.7%) in the high-risk group, 82.2% (95% CI: 67.9%-96.5%) in the non-high-risk group, and the difference in the PFS was not statistically significant between the high-risk group and the non-high-risk group ( P = 0.158). The 3-year PFS rate was 80.1% (95% CI: 64.4%-95.8%) in the GCB group, 88.1% (95% CI: 72.3%-104.2%) in the non-GCB group, and the difference in PFS was not statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P = 0.803). The 3-year PFS rate was 84.9% (95% CI: 72.6%-97.2%) in BEAM group, 61.1% (95% CI: 25.0%-97.2%) in the BeEAM group, and the difference in PFS was not statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P = 0.106). The 3-year PFS rate was 85.4% (95% CI: 73.4%-97.4%) in the auto-HSCT consolidation therapy group, 64.3% (95% CI: 31.4%-96.4%) in the auto-HSCT after relapsed/refractory group, and the difference in PFS was not statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P = 0.171). Conclusions:auto-HSCT is an effective therapy method for DLBCL.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI)combined with clinicopathological parameters for postoperative recurrence in cervical cancer and to construct a prognostic model in order to optimize recurrence risk assessment.Methods Patients with cervical cancer who underwent standard surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University(training cohort,n=996)and Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital(validation cohort,n=496)between January 2017 and January 2022 were retrospectively enrolled based on our strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival(RFS),and then a nomogram was constructed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to assess the predictive performance of the model,and the area under the curve(AUC)and calibration curve were employed to evaluate the model.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to determine the clinical application.Results Cox regression analysis demonstrated that International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage(P<0.001),tumor size(P<0.001),pathological type(P<0.001),tumor grade(P=0.007),parametrial invasion(P<0.001),depth of myometrial invasion(P=0.019),lymphovascular space invasion(P=0.019),vaginal margin involvement(P=0.010),adjuvant therapy(P=0.012),and SIRI(P<0.001)were independent prognostic factors for RFS.Our nomogram model based on above prognostic factors exhibited superior predictive performance for 1-,3-,and 5-year RFS,with a significantly higher AUC value(0.886)than those of single-parameter models.Conclusion Our nomogram model demonstrated good accuracy in predicting RFS in cervical cancer patients,providing a potential tool for personalized clinical decision-making in recurrence risk management.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Objective Based on the intervention map to develop a comprehensive nutrition education program for pancreaticoduodenectomy patients and to explore the effect of its clinical application,aiming at providing references for clinical nursing practice.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 76 patients who were to undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy in the department of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery of a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province as the study subjects.The 38 patients admitted from October 2021 to September 2022 were in a control group,and the 38 patients admitted from October 2022 to July 2023 were in an experimental group.The experimental group received the comprehensive nutritional education programme constructed in this study,and the control group used conventional nutrition health education measures,and the length of intervention for both groups was from pre-hospitalization to discharge for 6 months.Nutrition-related indicators,postoperative complications,hospitalisation time,hospitalisation costs and satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups.Results A total of 64 patients completed this study,with 33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group.Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of BMI,total serum protein and serum preprotein were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence of complications,hospitalization days and hospitalization costs of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).The scores of nutrition education-related satisfaction in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.001).Conclusion A comprehensive nutritional education program based on intervention map can improve the nutritional status of pancreaticoduodenectomy patients to a certain extent,reduce the occurrence of complications,and promote patients'recovery.

Background::While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.Methods::We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank ( N = 472,050). We investigated genetic relationships by leveraging genomic data conducted in European ancestry for T2DM, with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (T2DM: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 74,124/824,006; T2DM adjusted for BMI [T2DM adjBMI]: Ncase/ Ncontrol = 50,409/523,897) and for CAD ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 181,522/984,168). We performed additional analyses using genomic data conducted in multiancestry individuals for T2DM ( Ncase/ Ncontrol = 180,834/1,159,055). Results::Observational analysis suggested a bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD (T2DM→CAD: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01–2.24; CAD→T2DM: HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.63–1.81). A positive overall genetic correlation between T2DM and CAD was observed ( rg = 0.39, P = 1.43 × 10 -75), which was largely independent of BMI (T2DM adjBMI–CAD: rg = 0.31, P = 1.20 × 10 –36). This was corroborated by six local signals, among which 9p21.3 showed the strongest genetic correlation. Cross-trait meta-analysis replicated 101 previously reported loci and discovered six novel pleiotropic loci. Mendelian randomization analysis supported a bidirectional causal relationship (T2DM→CAD: odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.11-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18), which was confirmed in multiancestry individuals (T2DM→CAD: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16; CAD→T2DM: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13). This bidirectional relationship was significantly mediated by systolic blood pressure and intake of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, with mediation proportions of 54.1% (95% CI: 24.9-83.4%) and 90.4% (95% CI: 29.3-151.5%), respectively. Conclusion::Our observational and genetic analyses demonstrated an intrinsic bidirectional relationship between T2DM and CAD and clarified the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.