Objective To study the molecular mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Qingzhi Prescription in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Totally 40 8-week-old MKR mice were selected and randomly divided into blank group,model group,Chinese medicine group and positive drug group,with 10 mice in each group.Additionally,10 FVB mice of the same age were set as the normal group.Except for the normal group and the blank group,all other groups were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The Chinese medicine group and the positive drug group were given corresponding drugs by gavage for 8 weeks after modeling.Fasting blood glucose(FBG)was measured using a blood glucose meter,and the serum contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),triglycerides(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)were measured using biochemical methods,HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of liver tissue,PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax and Bcl-2 in liver tissue,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax and Bcl-2 in liver tissue.Results Compared with the normal group and the blank group,the contents of FBG,ALT,AST,TG and TC in the model group mice significantly increased(P<0.01);the volume of liver cells increased,the structure was disordered,and a large number of lipid droplets were visible,the cytoplasm showed vacuolar degeneration,mitochondria were severely swollen,and there were a large number of fat particles around lysosomes,the expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax mRNA and protein in liver tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the contents of FBG,ALT,AST,TG and TC in the Chinese medicine group mice decreased(P<0.01);the degree of liver cell swelling was reduced,lipid droplets and vacuolar degeneration were significantly improved,and the expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax mRNA and protein in liver tissue were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Zuogui Jiangtang Qingzhi Prescription may inhibit liver cell apoptosis,improve liver injury,and exert therapeutic effects on T2DM combined with NAFLD by reducing the expression of CD9 and CD63,down-regulating Bax,and increasing Bcl-2 expression.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Qingzhi Prescription in improving type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Totally 40 8-week-old MKR mice were selected and randomly divided into blank group,model group,Chinese medicine group and positive drug group,with 10 mice in each group.Additionally,10 FVB mice of the same age were set as the normal group.Except for the normal group and the blank group,all other groups were fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The Chinese medicine group and the positive drug group were given corresponding drugs by gavage for 8 weeks after modeling.Fasting blood glucose(FBG)was measured using a blood glucose meter,and the serum contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),triglycerides(TG)and total cholesterol(TC)were measured using biochemical methods,HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of liver tissue,PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax and Bcl-2 in liver tissue,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax and Bcl-2 in liver tissue.Results Compared with the normal group and the blank group,the contents of FBG,ALT,AST,TG and TC in the model group mice significantly increased(P<0.01);the volume of liver cells increased,the structure was disordered,and a large number of lipid droplets were visible,the cytoplasm showed vacuolar degeneration,mitochondria were severely swollen,and there were a large number of fat particles around lysosomes,the expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax mRNA and protein in liver tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the contents of FBG,ALT,AST,TG and TC in the Chinese medicine group mice decreased(P<0.01);the degree of liver cell swelling was reduced,lipid droplets and vacuolar degeneration were significantly improved,and the expressions of CD9,CD63,Bax mRNA and protein in liver tissue were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Zuogui Jiangtang Qingzhi Prescription may inhibit liver cell apoptosis,improve liver injury,and exert therapeutic effects on T2DM combined with NAFLD by reducing the expression of CD9 and CD63,down-regulating Bax,and increasing Bcl-2 expression.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the field mosquito surveillance efficacy between the black box method and the light trap method. MethodsEight light traps and eight black boxes were placed in each of the eight field sites in Baoshan District of Shanghai， with a minimum distance of 10 meters between each traps. Surveillance was conducted twice a month from May to September 2023. ResultsThe total number of mosquitoes （273） and female mosquitoes （228） captured by the black box method were 0.795 and 0.774 times higher than those caught by the light trap method， respectively. There was no statistically significant difference （P>0.05） between the mosquito density （t=1.723 5， P=0.100 2） and the female mosquito density （t=1.805 9， P=0.101 1）， and there was a correlation （P<0.001） between the mosquito density （r=0.942 7） and the female mosquito density （r=0.896 5）. There were no significant differences in the composition ratio of mosquito species（χ²=0.100 1， P>0.05） and female mosquitoes（χ²=0.394 4， P>0.05） captured by black box and light trap methods. In four different habitats， the composition ratios of mosquito species captured by the black box and light trap methods were： hospitals （38.10% and 38.77%） > rural housing areas （36.26% and 37.61%） > parks （14.65% and 12.54%）> urban housing areas （10.99% and 11.08%）， and the composition ratios of female mosquitoes captured by the black box and light trap methods were： rural housing areas （40.35% and 42.52%） > hospitals （37.72% and 36.05%） > parks （13.16% and 13.27%） > urban housing areas （8.77% and 8.16%）. In different habitats， there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of mosquitoes captured by two monitoring methods（χ²=0.5987， P>0.05）， and there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of female mosquitoes（χ²=0.2993， P>0.05）. ConclusionWith widen application and fewer requirements for equipment， operation skills， and use cost the black box method can be interchanged with the light trap method for monitoring mosquito density， especially in disaster areas or remote areas with difficult in having access to electricity.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of OCT4 and SALL4 in testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the utility of an immunohistochemical (IHC) panel of OCT4, SALL4 and CD20 in the differential diagnosis of DLBCL and GCT of the testis. Methods: Eighteen cases of testicular DLBCL were selected.IHC method was used to detect the protein expression of CD20, CD3, CD5, CD10, bcl-6, MUM1, Ki-67, bcl-2, c-MYC, OCT4 and SALL4. Results: Among the 18 cases, CD20 and PAX5 were strongly and diffusely expressed in all cases, while CD21, CD3, cyclinD1, SALL4, CD117 and PLAP were all negative. CD5, bcl-2 and c-myc were expressed in 3, 16 and 8 cases, respectively. Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 40%-95%. Bcl-2 and c-MYC were co-expressed in seven cases. Four cases were GCB-DLBCL and the remaining 14 cases were non-GCB-DLBCL, according to Hans algorithm. Nuclear OCT4 expression was present in two cases, which demonstrated moderate expression in >50% of neoplastic cells. Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage, CD5 and OCT4 expression were relevant to prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis further confirmed that clinical stage, CD5 and OCT4 were independent prognostic factors in patients with testicular DLBCL. Conclusions Care should be exercised in using OCT4 as the sole marker of germ cell differentiation in the testis. The association of OCT4 and CD5, bcl-2 co-expression raises the question of whether OCT4 expression in DLBCL may reflect more aggressive biology.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of PDGFRA /CMYC and clinicopathologic features of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma .Methods Fifty-four cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma were included in the study .Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD20, CD2, CD3, CD56, TIA1,GrB, Ki-67, PDGFRA and CMYC.In situ hybridization was performed to detect the presence of EBV encoded small RNA ( EBER).Fifty cases of nasopharyngeal mucosal lymphoid tissue hyperplasia were used as normal control .Results Among 54 cases of ENKTL,CD2, CD3, GrB, and TIA1 were expressed in all the tumors .CD56 was expressed in 47 cases ( 81.0%) and CD20 was not detectable in any cases.Ki-67 proliferative index expression of >60%was found in 45 cases (83.3%).In situ hybridization for EBER was positive in all cases (100%).The positive expression rates of PDGFRA and CMYC in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas were 51.9%(28/54) and 53.7%(29/54), respectively, much higher than those in nasopharyngeal mucosal lymphoid tissue hyperplasia ( 0, P <0.05 ) .There was a positive correlation between PDGFRA and CMYC (r=0.295, P<0.05).The expression of CMYC was correlated with clinical efficacy (P<0.05), but not with gender, age, Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms and therapeutic regimen ( all P >0.05 ) .The expression of PDGFRA was correlated with B symptoms ( P <0.05), while not with gender, age, Ann Arbor stage, therapeutic regimen and clinical efficacy (all P>0.05).The co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC was not correlated with gender , age, Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms, therapeutic regimen and clinical efficacy (P>0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the stage , clinical efficacy , CMYC protein and the co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC were significantly correlated with the prognosis.The overall survival of the patients with CMYC positive expression was shorter than of that of the patients with negative expression ( P <0.05 ) .Multivariable Cox regression analysis further confirmed that clinical stage , CMYC protein expression , and the co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC were independent prognostic factors in patients with extranodal NK /T-cell lymphoma .Conclusion CMYC protein, and the co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC can be as an independent prognostic factor in patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and influence the prognosis of patients .

Objective To summarize the common types and clinical characteristics of ureter disease;which can increase manipulation difficulties and adverse events during rigid ureteroscopic procedures. Methods From Jan 2001 to Dec 2010,our team performed 317 rigid ureteroscopic Drocedures for ureteroscopic examination or treatment;including 60 difficult procedures(34 male and 26 female).The mean age of the patients was 37 years (range,18 to 71).The ureteral diseases were classifted into five types according to the pathological characteristics:Type Ⅰ calculous stenosis,Type Ⅱ neoplastic stenosis;Type Ⅲ non-congenital stenosis,Type Ⅳ congenital stenosis,Type Ⅴ expansion of tortuous ureters.The operative time,complications,and conversion to open surgery were evaluated,and the therapeutic methods were analyzed. Results Of the 60 difficuhly-manipulated procedures,the mean manipulated time was 75 min (range,31 to 200).Intra-operative complications occurred in 9 procedures,including 4 cases of mucosal bleeding,2 cases of submucosaI false passage and 3 cases of ureteral perforation.Eleven procedures were converted to open surgery. In five procedures only a double J tube was inserted for drainage due to the difficulty of entering the ureter.Fiftyfive patients were followed up for 17 months (range,3 to 110);48 patients were cured,5 patients improved and 2 patients were unchanged. Conclusions The five types of ureteral disease can increase operative difficulties and risks of rigid ureteroscopic procedures.We should be cautious during surgery and should stop manipulation or convert to other surgeries if necessary.