ObjectiveTo compare the mosquito capture efficacy of the BG-trap method and the light trap method, and to explore the precisely applicable scenarios for the two monitoring approaches. MethodsFrom May to October 2024, one BG-trap and one light trap were placed at eight monitoring sites, with a distance of over 10 meters between the two traps at each site. Surveillance was performed twice monthly to compare the two surveillance methods in terms of mosquito species composition, the proportional distribution of female mosquitoes across different habitats, and seasonal fluctuations in mosquito density. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in mosquito species composition (χ²=60.61, P<0.001) and female mosquito species composition (χ²=37.12, P<0.001) between the BG-trap method and the light trap method, with the BG-trap method capturing a higher proportion of Aedes albopictus than the light trap method. The average density of mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method [13.36 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1] was higher than that monitored by the light trap method[4.70 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1]. There was statistically significant difference (t=6.70, P<0.001) for the mosquito density between the two methods, and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.909, P<0.001) for the mosquito density indices between the two methods. The average density of female mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method [8.18 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1] was higher than that monitored by light trap method [3.36 mosquitoes·(trap·night)^-1]. There was statistically significant difference (t=6.00, P<0.001) for the female mosquito density between the two methods, and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.929, P<0.001) for the female mosquito density indices between the two methods. In the four different habitats, the constituent ratio of mosquitoes and female mosquitoes monitored by the BG-trap method in descending order were urban residential area (43.80% and 40.25%), rural farm households (35.55% and 38.60%), hospital (12.70% and 12.87%), and park (7.95% and 8.28%), while the constituent ratio of mosquitoes and female mosquitoes monitored by the light trap method in descending order were rural farm households (34.37% and 43.34%), hospital (33.26% and 30.03%), park (17.96% and 15.17%), and urban residential area (14.41% and 11.46%). In different habitats, there were statistically significant differences for mosquito composition ratios (χ²=189.64, P<0.001) and female mosquito composition ratios (χ²=109.15, P<0.001) between the two monitoring methods. ConclusionThe BG-trap method offers advantages such as simple operation, compact equipment, and high efficiency, with a higher trapping rate for Aedes albopictus compared to the light trap method. In routine monitoring, the BG-trap method can serve as a supplement to the light trap method, while for emergency monitoring of Aedes albopictus in dengue fever outbreak areas and mosquito collection efforts, the BG-trap method is more effective than the light trap method.

Objective To investigate the changes in the density of Aedes albopictus across different regions and different breeding habitats in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, so as to inform evidence-based control strategies for mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Shanghai Municipality. Methods Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were deployed in 12 subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, and the surveillance on the density of Ae. albopictus was performed in each surveillance site once weekly during the peak activity period of Aedes mosquitoes from May to October each year from 2018 to 2024. Mosquito ovitraps were deployed in various breeding habitats in each surveillance site according to geographical locations, including residential areas, schools, government institutions, hospitals, recycling stations, and construction sites, and regularly collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The changes in the Ae. albopictus density were analyzed based on MOI across years, regions, and breeding habitats. Additionally, from May to October each year between 2018 and 2024, monthly risk assessments of Aedes albopictus density were conducted in every subdistrict (town) of Baoshan District, Shanghai. Results The annual mean MOI values of Ae. albopictus were 5.88 ± 2.29, 8.19 ± 4.46, 7.43 ± 3.40, 5.44 ± 2.52, 3.97 ± 2.72, 3.82 ± 1.57, and 2.56 ± 1.11 in Baoshan District from 2018 to 2024, respectively (F = 75.886, P < 0.05), and the MOI appeared a rise followed by a reduction each year and peaked during the period between June and August. There was a significant difference in the 7-year mean MOI of Ae. albopictus across the 12 subdistricts/towns (F = 26.558, P < 0.05), and there were 6 subdistricts/towns with a 7-year mean MOI of over 5, including Songnan Town (8.44 ± 4.68), Dachang Town (7.71 ± 5.28), Gucun Town (7.13 ± 3.57), Yuepu Town (5.74 ± 1.69), Gaojing Town (5.51 ± 3.44), and Wusong Subdistrict (5.41 ± 2.04). There was a significant difference in the MOI of Ae. albopictus across breeding habitats (F = 3.843, P < 0.05), with the highest MOI seen in recycling stations (9.86 ± 4.61), which was significantly higher than in other habitats (P < 0.05), and the lowest seen in construction sites (4.90 ± 2.95), which was significantly lower than in other habitats (P < 0.05). The proportion of frequency with Ae. albopictus density transmission risk decreased from 54.17% in 2018 to 11.11% in 2024 in all subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, and the frequency of outbreak risks peaked in 2019 (18 instances) and declined substantially in 2021 (6 instances), with no records of outbreak or transmission risk documented across the district in 2024. Conclusions There were substantial seasonal variations in the Ae. albopictus density in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024. The Ae. albopictus density peaked during the period between June and August in Baoshan District each year from 2018 to 2024, with a relatively higher density in Songnan Town and Dachang Town, and in recycling stations. Precision control measures and intensified seasonal interventions are recommended in high-risk settings in Baoshan District to reduce the transmission risk of Aedes-borne infectious diseases.

Objective To understand the application effect of early screening scale and behavioral intervention effect in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A total of 348 children with suspected ASD were selected and evaluated using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). The evaluation results were compared with those from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Children enrolled were given Early start Denver model (ESDM) intervention. The evaluation results of Gesell Developmental Scale and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) scores were compared before and after intervention. Results The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Kappa value of M-CHAT for evaluating ASD in children aged 1-3 years were 89.53%, 90.70%, 89.92% and 0.78. The corresponding values of ABC were 78.49%, 81.40%, 79.46% and 0.56. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Kappa value of M-CHAT for evaluating children aged >3-6 years were 87.30%, 77.78%, 84.44% and 0.64. The corresponding values of ABC were 85.71%, 77.78%, 83.33% and 0.62. The sensitivity and accuracy of M-CHAT were higher than ABC for evaluating ASD in children aged 1-3 years (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between M-CHAT and ABC for evaluating ASD in children aged 3-6 years (P>0.05). After intervention, development quotients (DQ) of personal-social aspects, adaptability, language, gross motor, and fine motor of children with ASD were higher than those before intervention (P<0.05). ATEC scores for language, behavior, sensation, and social contact of children with ASD were lower than those before intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion M-CHAT and ABC both can be used for early screening of ASD in children, especially M-CHAT. Early behavioral intervention can effectively improve the condition and developmental level of children with ASD.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of micro flow imaging (MFI) supported by Image Pro Plus (IPP) software for BI-RADS classification of breast nodules and the correlation between its parameters and Ki-67 expression level.Methods:A total of 205 cases of breast solid nodules with ultrasound BI-RADS classification of 4 categories were enrolled in this study. BI-RADS classification, CDFI score, MFI score, CDFI-IPP score and MFI-IPP score by IPP software were performed for each nodule. Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining of invasive ductal carcinoma was performed to analyze the correlation between MFI-IPP-VI and Ki-67 expression levels.Results:The combined BI-RADS classification for diagnosis of malignant nodules had the largest area under the ROC curve, which was significantly higher than that of BI-RADS, MFI-IPP-VI, MFI score, CDFI-IPP-VI, and CDFI score (all P<0.05). The combined BI-RADS classification had the best diagnostic efficacy for the diagnosis of malignant nodules with a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 65.6% and accuracy of 82.4%. In addition, the agreement between experienced and inexperienced sonographers applying MFI-IPP-VI was higher than MFI (Kappa=0.780 vs. Kappa=0.743). The mean value of Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma was 21.93%±16.37%, and Spearman's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between MFI-IPP-VI and Ki-67 expression level ( r=0.815, P<0.05). Conclusions:MFI-IPP can assist sonographers to classify breast nodules by BI-RADS, providing an effective basis for puncture biopsy. MFI-IPP-VI offers the possibility of noninvasively predicting the expression level of Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of micro flow imaging (MFI) supported by Image Pro Plus (IPP) software for BI-RADS classification of breast nodules and the correlation between its parameters and Ki-67 expression level.Methods:A total of 205 cases of breast solid nodules with ultrasound BI-RADS classification of 4 categories were enrolled in this study. BI-RADS classification, CDFI score, MFI score, CDFI-IPP score and MFI-IPP score by IPP software were performed for each nodule. Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining of invasive ductal carcinoma was performed to analyze the correlation between MFI-IPP-VI and Ki-67 expression levels.Results:The combined BI-RADS classification for diagnosis of malignant nodules had the largest area under the ROC curve, which was significantly higher than that of BI-RADS, MFI-IPP-VI, MFI score, CDFI-IPP-VI, and CDFI score (all P<0.05). The combined BI-RADS classification had the best diagnostic efficacy for the diagnosis of malignant nodules with a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 65.6% and accuracy of 82.4%. In addition, the agreement between experienced and inexperienced sonographers applying MFI-IPP-VI was higher than MFI (Kappa=0.780 vs. Kappa=0.743). The mean value of Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma was 21.93%±16.37%, and Spearman's correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between MFI-IPP-VI and Ki-67 expression level ( r=0.815, P<0.05). Conclusions:MFI-IPP can assist sonographers to classify breast nodules by BI-RADS, providing an effective basis for puncture biopsy. MFI-IPP-VI offers the possibility of noninvasively predicting the expression level of Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma.

Single-cell RNA sequencing technology takes a single cell as research object,counts and analyzes the gene expres-sion level of each transcript and heterogeneity between cells.This technology makes up for the defects of traditional sequencing techno-logy to some extent.Autoimmune disease is the damage or dysfunction of autotissue cells caused by autoimmune tolerance or abnormal regulation of autoimmunity cells.In this paper,the research results on application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in autoim-mune disease in recent years are reviewed,which provides valuable clues for early realization of precise medical treatment.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Guanxinning(GXN)tablet on dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM),and to explore its effect and mechanism in pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes via the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway.Methods Rats were divided into GXN low-dose,GXN high-dose,digoxin,model control,and normal control groups.The DCM model was induced by multiple intraperitoneal injections of 17.5 mg/kg doxorubicin(DOX).The drug was administered at the same time as the model was established for 10 weeks.After the last administration,echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function indexes.After sacrificing the rats,serum was collected to measure IL-1β and IL-18 levels.RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB,TXNIP,IL-1β,and IL-18.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining and Western Blot were used to assess NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,and IL-18,GSDMD and GSDMD-NT protein,and TUNEL staining result.Changes in the microstructure of cardiomyocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results Compared with the normal control group,IVSs,IVSd,LVPWs,FS,SV,EF,and HR of the model control group were significantly reduced,LVIDs,ESV,and serum IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly increased,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB,TXNIP,IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression was significantly increased,and NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18 and GSDMD-NT protein expression and the TUNEL staining area were increased significantly,and the microstructure of cardiomyocytes changed significantly.Compared with the model control group,GXN significantly increased IVSs,SV,FS,EF,and HR,significantly reduced LVIDs,ESV,and the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18,and reduced NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,NF-κB,TXNIP,IL-1β,and IL-18 mRNA expression,NLRP3,ASC,Caspase-1,IL-1β,IL-18 and GSDMD-NT protein expression,and the TUNEL staining area.Additionally,the microstructure was improved significantly.Conclusions GXN alleviates cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in rats with DCM by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway.

Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of Smilax glabra flavonoids(SGF)on myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac inflammation induced by isoproterenol(ISO)in mice.Methods C57/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group,ISO model group(1.25 mg/(kg·d)),SGF low-dose group(50 mg/(kg·d)),and SGF high-dose group(100 mg/(kg·d)).The SGF groups were given prophylactic SGF for 7 days before modeling,then subcutaneous ISO injection was given to each group,and echocardiography was performed after continuous injection for 7 days.Serum was separated from orbital blood,and the NT-proBNP and inflammatory factor(IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α)contents of the blood were detected.Myocardial specimens were collected,and pathological changes to myocardial tissue were observed.Myocardial ROS levels were detected by DHE staining.The mRNA levels of heart-related hypertrophy genes and changes in the expression of key proteins in the inflammatory pathway of NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-18 in myocardial tissue were detected.Results SGF prophylactic administration decreased IVSd,IVSs,and EF in echocardiography and increased LVIDs,LVIDd,and LVESV.The IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,and NT-proBNP contents of blood decreased,and the mRNA expression levels of the heart-related hypertrophy genes for ANP,BNP,and β-MHC were subdued.The increase in myocardial ROS levels was also inhibited.The protein expression of NLRP3,Caspase-1(p20),and IL-18,which are key factors in the NLRP3/caspase-l/IL-18 inflammatory pathway,was down-regulated in myocardial tissue.The hypertrophy and disordered arrangement of cardiomyocytes were improved,the increase in fibroblast numbers outside myocardial fibers was reduced,and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis of myocardial tissue were alleviated.Conclusions SGF can improve ISO-induced myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac inflammation in mice and may act through the NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-18 inflammatory pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the application of enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery and its impact on the systemic inflammatory response (SIR).Methods:The clinical data of patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University from Mar 2021 to Mar 2023 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 234 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled (120 cases in ERAS group and 114 cases in routine group). There were no significant differences in preoperative indexes between the two groups (all P>0.05). After laparoscopic surgery, the postoperative ventilation time and hospital stay of patients in ERAS group were significantly shorter than those in the conventional group (all P<0.05). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) , platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammatory (SII) index of patients in ERAS group were significantly lower on day 1 and day 3 after surgery than in conventional group (all P<0.05). The ratio of lymphocyte to monocyte (LMR) in ERAS group was significantly higher than that in conventional group on day 1 and day 7 after surgery (all P<0.05). Conclusions:ERAS can improve postoperative SIR indexes in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery, shorten postoperative recovery time, and enhance the efficacy of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery by reducing perioperative systemic inflammation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the field mosquito surveillance efficacy between the black box method and the light trap method. MethodsEight light traps and eight black boxes were placed in each of the eight field sites in Baoshan District of Shanghai， with a minimum distance of 10 meters between each traps. Surveillance was conducted twice a month from May to September 2023. ResultsThe total number of mosquitoes （273） and female mosquitoes （228） captured by the black box method were 0.795 and 0.774 times higher than those caught by the light trap method， respectively. There was no statistically significant difference （P>0.05） between the mosquito density （t=1.723 5， P=0.100 2） and the female mosquito density （t=1.805 9， P=0.101 1）， and there was a correlation （P<0.001） between the mosquito density （r=0.942 7） and the female mosquito density （r=0.896 5）. There were no significant differences in the composition ratio of mosquito species（χ²=0.100 1， P>0.05） and female mosquitoes（χ²=0.394 4， P>0.05） captured by black box and light trap methods. In four different habitats， the composition ratios of mosquito species captured by the black box and light trap methods were： hospitals （38.10% and 38.77%） > rural housing areas （36.26% and 37.61%） > parks （14.65% and 12.54%）> urban housing areas （10.99% and 11.08%）， and the composition ratios of female mosquitoes captured by the black box and light trap methods were： rural housing areas （40.35% and 42.52%） > hospitals （37.72% and 36.05%） > parks （13.16% and 13.27%） > urban housing areas （8.77% and 8.16%）. In different habitats， there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of mosquitoes captured by two monitoring methods（χ²=0.5987， P>0.05）， and there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of female mosquitoes（χ²=0.2993， P>0.05）. ConclusionWith widen application and fewer requirements for equipment， operation skills， and use cost the black box method can be interchanged with the light trap method for monitoring mosquito density， especially in disaster areas or remote areas with difficult in having access to electricity.