Objective To investigate the changes in the density of Aedes albopictus across different regions and different breeding habitats in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, so as to inform evidence-based control strategies for mosquito-borne infectious diseases in Shanghai Municipality. Methods Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were deployed in 12 subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024, and the surveillance on the density of Ae. albopictus was performed in each surveillance site once weekly during the peak activity period of Aedes mosquitoes from May to October each year from 2018 to 2024. Mosquito ovitraps were deployed in various breeding habitats in each surveillance site according to geographical locations, including residential areas, schools, government institutions, hospitals, recycling stations, and construction sites, and regularly collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The changes in the Ae. albopictus density were analyzed based on MOI across years, regions, and breeding habitats. Additionally, from May to October each year between 2018 and 2024, monthly risk assessments of Aedes albopictus density were conducted in every subdistrict (town) of Baoshan District, Shanghai. Results The annual mean MOI values of Ae. albopictus were 5.88 ± 2.29, 8.19 ± 4.46, 7.43 ± 3.40, 5.44 ± 2.52, 3.97 ± 2.72, 3.82 ± 1.57, and 2.56 ± 1.11 in Baoshan District from 2018 to 2024, respectively (F = 75.886, P < 0.05), and the MOI appeared a rise followed by a reduction each year and peaked during the period between June and August. There was a significant difference in the 7-year mean MOI of Ae. albopictus across the 12 subdistricts/towns (F = 26.558, P < 0.05), and there were 6 subdistricts/towns with a 7-year mean MOI of over 5, including Songnan Town (8.44 ± 4.68), Dachang Town (7.71 ± 5.28), Gucun Town (7.13 ± 3.57), Yuepu Town (5.74 ± 1.69), Gaojing Town (5.51 ± 3.44), and Wusong Subdistrict (5.41 ± 2.04). There was a significant difference in the MOI of Ae. albopictus across breeding habitats (F = 3.843, P < 0.05), with the highest MOI seen in recycling stations (9.86 ± 4.61), which was significantly higher than in other habitats (P < 0.05), and the lowest seen in construction sites (4.90 ± 2.95), which was significantly lower than in other habitats (P < 0.05). The proportion of frequency with Ae. albopictus density transmission risk decreased from 54.17% in 2018 to 11.11% in 2024 in all subdistricts (towns) of Baoshan District, and the frequency of outbreak risks peaked in 2019 (18 instances) and declined substantially in 2021 (6 instances), with no records of outbreak or transmission risk documented across the district in 2024. Conclusions There were substantial seasonal variations in the Ae. albopictus density in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2018 to 2024. The Ae. albopictus density peaked during the period between June and August in Baoshan District each year from 2018 to 2024, with a relatively higher density in Songnan Town and Dachang Town, and in recycling stations. Precision control measures and intensified seasonal interventions are recommended in high-risk settings in Baoshan District to reduce the transmission risk of Aedes-borne infectious diseases.

Objective:Objective To investigate the association between cardiometabolic index(CMI)and hypertension subtypes in elderly Chinese population and provide a scientific evidence for hypertension classification and personalized intervention.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 1 022 elderly patients(≥ 60 years old)admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2015.Patients with secondary hypertension and severe complications were excluded.Blood pressure, waist circumference, blood lipid, and other indicators were measured through standardized procedures, Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between CMI and subtypes, and stratified analysis was conducted based on gender, smoking, age, pulse and metabolic indicators.Results:CMI was significantly higher in SDH group than in other subtypes( P<0.01). Waist circumference, body mass index and triglycerides were positively correlated with all three types of hypertensions( P<0.05). The multivariate model showed that CMI was an independent risk factor for hypertension subtypes(SDH OR=6.14, IDH OR=4.14, ISH OR=3.28, all P<0.01). Stratified analysis showed that CMI was associated with all subtypes in females( P<0.01), while in males, it was only associated with IDH and SDH.The effect of CMI was stronger in non-smokers(SDH OR=9.56, P<0.001). Hyperglycemia and different concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels aggravate the effect of CMI on SDH. Conclusions:CMI may be an independent risk factor for hypertension subtypes in the elderly.The differences in gender, metabolic status and smoking behavior provide a basis for precise intervention.

Objective:Objective To investigate the association between cardiometabolic index(CMI)and hypertension subtypes in elderly Chinese population and provide a scientific evidence for hypertension classification and personalized intervention.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 1 022 elderly patients(≥ 60 years old)admitted to Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2015.Patients with secondary hypertension and severe complications were excluded.Blood pressure, waist circumference, blood lipid, and other indicators were measured through standardized procedures, Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between CMI and subtypes, and stratified analysis was conducted based on gender, smoking, age, pulse and metabolic indicators.Results:CMI was significantly higher in SDH group than in other subtypes( P<0.01). Waist circumference, body mass index and triglycerides were positively correlated with all three types of hypertensions( P<0.05). The multivariate model showed that CMI was an independent risk factor for hypertension subtypes(SDH OR=6.14, IDH OR=4.14, ISH OR=3.28, all P<0.01). Stratified analysis showed that CMI was associated with all subtypes in females( P<0.01), while in males, it was only associated with IDH and SDH.The effect of CMI was stronger in non-smokers(SDH OR=9.56, P<0.001). Hyperglycemia and different concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels aggravate the effect of CMI on SDH. Conclusions:CMI may be an independent risk factor for hypertension subtypes in the elderly.The differences in gender, metabolic status and smoking behavior provide a basis for precise intervention.

With a global rise in morbidity rates， obesity has become a pressing public health issue. With increased adipocyte number and volume as the main characteristics， obesity is also manifested by metabolic disorders to varying degrees. At the same time， obesity is a risk factor for diabetes， hypertension， stroke， cancer， and cardiovascular diseases， imposing burdens on society and families. Influenced by lifestyle， environment， behavior， and genetics， obesity is caused by the interaction of many factors， and its pathological process is complex， involving inflammation， autophagy， and intestinal dysbiosis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） cascade reaction， a pivotal signaling pathway， plays a crucial role in cellular processes such as proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis， and stress responses. Both Chinese and international studies indicate that the MAPK signaling pathway can effectively regulate obesity through various pathways， including the modulation of adipocyte differentiation and apoptosis， appetite control， and inflammation improvement. Moreover， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated significant efficacy in preventing and treating obesity， leveraging advantages such as multiple targets， diverse components， and minimal adverse effects. Research indicates that the MAPK signaling pathway is a primary focus of TCM regulation in this context， although a systematic review in this field is currently lacking. Therefore， this paper， by reviewing the latest Chinese and international research， provided a concise overview of the basic structure of the MAPK pathway， with a specific emphasis on recent progress in TCM interventions targeting the MAPK pathway for obesity treatment. The results indicate that regulating adipose tissue formation， differentiation， and thermogenesis， reducing inflammation and oxidative stress levels， and improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic disorders seem to be the main ways for TCM to regulate the MAPK pathway to prevent and treat obesity. However， it is necessary to find more research methods and explore potential mechanisms underlying TCM formulations based on the MAPK pathway for obesity prevention and treatment.

Objective:To observe the expression of adenosine kinase (ADK) in the hippocampus of patients with refractory epilepsy, and to explore the role of ADK in the pathogenesis of refractory epilepsy.Methods:Thirteen patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent surgical resection of hippocampal tissue at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were collected as the epilepsy group; At the same time, 4 cases of relatively normal temporal lobe brain tissue from patients with traumatic brain injury undergoing debridement surgery (without previous history of epileptic seizures) were collected, and these 4 patients served as the control group. The expression of ADK in two groups of specimens was detected at the tissue, gene, and protein levels using methods such as dual fluorescence immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT Real time PCR), and Western blotting.Results:In the human brain, ADK was mainly expressed in the nucleus of astrocytes. Through histological observation, ADK was weakly expressed in normal brain tissue, while there is significant proliferation of glial cells and excessive expression of ADK in the brain tissue of patients with refractory epilepsy. The percentage of ADK positive glial cells in the epilepsy group was (53.90±17.59)%, and the control group was (23.82±4.18)%, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). At the genetic level, using RT Real time PCR, it was found that the expression level of ADK mRNA in the epilepsy group was higher than that in the control group, with a 2 -△△Cp of 13.36, which was 13.36 times higher than that in the control group. At the protein level, the expression of ADK protein in the epilepsy group was found to be higher than that in the control group using protein immunoblotting ( P<0.01). Conclusions:ADK is weakly expressed in the nucleus of astrocytes in normal human brain tissue. In the brain tissue of patients with refractory epilepsy, astrocytes significantly proliferate and there is excessive expression of ADK. ADK may play an important role in the occurrence and development of refractory epilepsy in humans.

Condylar displacement can lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms and relapse after orthognathic surgery. To minimize condylar displacement, numerous condylar positioning techniques have been applied in clinical practice. To verify the effectiveness of condylar positioning techniques in preventing postoperative TMJ symptoms and relapse, we reviewed the literature related to all types of intraoperative condylar positioning techniques in the past 20 years. According to a literature review, positioning techniques aim to seat the condyles at a preoperative position during surgery and are divided into noncomputer-aided and computer-aided condyle positioning methods. At present, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing condylar positioning devices (CAD/CAM CPDs) are the most superior positioning methods and are composed of teeth-supported and bone-supported guidance. The sequence of the remaining technology positioning effect from high to low is as follows: CAD/CAM titanium plate positioning > manual positioning > computer-aided navigation system > image positioning system. Different techniques reach considerable accuracy within 1-2 mm and 1°-2° in locating the preoperative condylar position and preventing TMJ symptoms or disorders and surgical relapse to provide a clinical reference for different levels of surgeons and cases. However, this study lacks randomized controlled trials with large samples and long-term follow-up. Future studies should upgrade the current methods, improve the clinical utility, and develop new positioning techniques.

Objective: To assess value of immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of pirarubicin after transurethral resection (TURBT)of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Methods: 484 patients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were divided into two groups after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. 285 patients received postoperative intravesical instillation of pirarubicin within 6 hours after the surgery, 199 patients received first instillation of pirarubicin at 10 days after the surgery, after that, all the patients received routine bladder perfusion chemotherapy. Patients who received intravesical instillation of pirarubicin within 6 hours were defined as immediate intravesical instillation group and the other patients as the control group. Based on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables, scores of recurrence and progression of patients were calculated and then stratified into risk groups accordingly. Recurrence and progression rates of the immediate intravesical instillation group were analyzed and then compared with the corresponding reference of the risk tables. Results: The 1-year and 5-year recurrence rate of patients with EORTC table scoring 0 in the immediate intravesical instillation group were significantly lower than that of the EORTC reference group (5.3% and 14.0% vs 15.0% and 31.0%, P<0.05). 1-year recurrence free rate between the immediate intravesical instillation group and the control group in patients scoring 1-4 was significantly different (81.3% vs 76.7%, P=0.014). However, 1-year recurrence free rate of the immediate intravesical instillation group was comparable with that of the control group in patients scoring 5-9, 10-17(P>0.05), which is quite close to the EORTC reference. The probability rates of 1-year and 5-year progression of the 285 patients who received immediate intravesical instillation group did not show significant difference with the EORTC reference. On multivariate analysis, previous recurrence, tumor grade G2-3, tumor multiplicity, delay of immediate intravesical instillation were independent risk factors of recurrence(P<0.05). Conclusions With the help of EORTC recurrence risk table stratifying the patients into different risk groups, our study showed that delay of immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of chemotherapy after TURBT was an independent risk factor of post-surgery recurrence of tumor. Moreover, patients with EORTC scoring 1-4 might obtain greatest benefits.

Objective:To investigate the serum expression of long non-coding RNA overlapping transcription content KCNQ1OT1 (KCNQ1) gene in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its clinical significance.
Methods:A total of 196 patients treated in our hospital were divided into 2 groups:CAD group and Control group, the patients were without CAD. n=98 in each group. Expression levels of serum KCNQ1OT1 and P53 were measured by quantitative RT-PCR;the relationship between KCNQ1OT1, P53 and clinical features in relevant patients were analyzed.
Results:Compared with Control group, CAD group had increased expression of serum KCNQ1OT1 and decreased expression of P53, both P<0.05. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of KCNQ1OT1 was negatively related to P53 (r=-0.856, P<0.001);multi Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum KCNQ1OT1 was independently related to CAD (P<0.05).
Conclusion:CAD patients had obviously increased serum level of KCNQ1OT1;KCNQ1OT1 was independently related to CAD occurrence.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of OCT4 and SALL4 in testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the utility of an immunohistochemical (IHC) panel of OCT4, SALL4 and CD20 in the differential diagnosis of DLBCL and GCT of the testis. Methods: Eighteen cases of testicular DLBCL were selected.IHC method was used to detect the protein expression of CD20, CD3, CD5, CD10, bcl-6, MUM1, Ki-67, bcl-2, c-MYC, OCT4 and SALL4. Results: Among the 18 cases, CD20 and PAX5 were strongly and diffusely expressed in all cases, while CD21, CD3, cyclinD1, SALL4, CD117 and PLAP were all negative. CD5, bcl-2 and c-myc were expressed in 3, 16 and 8 cases, respectively. Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 40%-95%. Bcl-2 and c-MYC were co-expressed in seven cases. Four cases were GCB-DLBCL and the remaining 14 cases were non-GCB-DLBCL, according to Hans algorithm. Nuclear OCT4 expression was present in two cases, which demonstrated moderate expression in >50% of neoplastic cells. Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage, CD5 and OCT4 expression were relevant to prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis further confirmed that clinical stage, CD5 and OCT4 were independent prognostic factors in patients with testicular DLBCL. Conclusions Care should be exercised in using OCT4 as the sole marker of germ cell differentiation in the testis. The association of OCT4 and CD5, bcl-2 co-expression raises the question of whether OCT4 expression in DLBCL may reflect more aggressive biology.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of PDGFRA /CMYC and clinicopathologic features of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma .Methods Fifty-four cases of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma were included in the study .Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD20, CD2, CD3, CD56, TIA1,GrB, Ki-67, PDGFRA and CMYC.In situ hybridization was performed to detect the presence of EBV encoded small RNA ( EBER).Fifty cases of nasopharyngeal mucosal lymphoid tissue hyperplasia were used as normal control .Results Among 54 cases of ENKTL,CD2, CD3, GrB, and TIA1 were expressed in all the tumors .CD56 was expressed in 47 cases ( 81.0%) and CD20 was not detectable in any cases.Ki-67 proliferative index expression of >60%was found in 45 cases (83.3%).In situ hybridization for EBER was positive in all cases (100%).The positive expression rates of PDGFRA and CMYC in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas were 51.9%(28/54) and 53.7%(29/54), respectively, much higher than those in nasopharyngeal mucosal lymphoid tissue hyperplasia ( 0, P <0.05 ) .There was a positive correlation between PDGFRA and CMYC (r=0.295, P<0.05).The expression of CMYC was correlated with clinical efficacy (P<0.05), but not with gender, age, Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms and therapeutic regimen ( all P >0.05 ) .The expression of PDGFRA was correlated with B symptoms ( P <0.05), while not with gender, age, Ann Arbor stage, therapeutic regimen and clinical efficacy (all P>0.05).The co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC was not correlated with gender , age, Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms, therapeutic regimen and clinical efficacy (P>0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the stage , clinical efficacy , CMYC protein and the co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC were significantly correlated with the prognosis.The overall survival of the patients with CMYC positive expression was shorter than of that of the patients with negative expression ( P <0.05 ) .Multivariable Cox regression analysis further confirmed that clinical stage , CMYC protein expression , and the co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC were independent prognostic factors in patients with extranodal NK /T-cell lymphoma .Conclusion CMYC protein, and the co-expression of PDGFRA and CMYC can be as an independent prognostic factor in patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and influence the prognosis of patients .