Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Alisma orientale extract(zexie)on gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)rats by regulating the miR-4417/TGF-β pathway.Methods GDM model rats were randomly divided into a diabetic group,low,medium,high-dose zexie group,insulin group,miR-NC group,miR-4417 mimic group,miR-4417 inhibitor group,and zexie+miR-4417 mimic+LY364947 group,with 12 rats in each group.Additionally,12 normal pregnant rats served as the control group.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate pancreatic islet pathology.RT-qPCR and Western blot were employed to measure the mRNA and protein levels of various factors.Results Compared with the diabetic group,the glucose,lipid,oxida-tive stress indicators,and pancreatic islet pathological damage were significantly improved(P＜0.05)in the low,medium and high-dose zexie groups and the insulin group.The expression levels of miR-4417 and TGF-β mRNA were notably reduced(P＜0.05),with the most significant changes observed in the high-dose zexie group(P＜0.05).Compared with the miR-NC group,the TGF-β protein level was significantly increased(P＜0.05)in the miR-4417 mimic group and decreased(P＜0.05)in the miR-4417 inhibitor group.Compared with the diabetic group,the oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation were significantly lower(P＜0.05)in the zexie,zexie+miR-4417 mimic,and zexie+miR-4417 mimic+LY364947 groups.Compared with the miR-4417 mimic group,the oxidative stress and ROS accumulation were significantly reduced(P＜0.05)in the zexie+miR-4417 mimic group.No significant differences were found between the zexie group and the zexie+miR-4417 mimic+LY364947 group.Conclusions Zexie can improve glucose and lipid levels,reduce insulin resistance,and control oxidative stress and damage in GDM rats,possibly through the regulation of the miR-4417/TGF-β pathway.

Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of morbidity and death globally, affecting public health and life, social and economic development, and even national security. Early detection focuses on detecting the abnormal information of infectious disease outbreaks or epidemics in a timely and sensitive way to conduct field investigation and verification. It is also a precursor to effective surveillance and early warning system. The effective surveillance and early warning system can fully and accurately understand the real conditions, driving forces, and transmission chain of the occurrence of a specific infectious disease outbreak and epidemic and put forward scientific and effective prevention and control strategies and measures. Due to the measurement of the resources support and the particular data collection value, it is not easy to obtain epidemiological, etiological, and other data information in a timely, complete and accurate manner. This paper summarized the theory and technology on early detection, effective surveillance, and early warning information on infectious diseases. It also integrated and utilized the multi-source data, including effective infectious disease surveillance and the country's early warning system, to better understand the outbreak epidemic, causes, risks, processes, and driving forces. Thus, it is possible to set up a sensitive, specific staging measurement innovative technical system to monitor, early warning, and timely respond to acute infectious diseases through multidisciplinary cooperation in China. It provides the basis for strengthening the surveillance and early warning of new emerging and major infectious diseases and public health emergencies, avoiding the spread of inadequate response to infectious disease, and preventing the resources waste of over-response.

Objective To solve the agglomeration problem in the former process, dry granulation technology was used to prepare the granules of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules. Methods Complexity and granule yield coefficient were set as inspection indexes. The optimum subsidiary material and its amount were optimized. The parameters of dry granulation technology were optimized by orthogonal test. Then, granule yield, angle of repose, and bulk density were compared with those of wet granulation technology. Results Starch was set as subsidiary material. The optimum technology is roll pressure of 12 MPa, rotation speed of 5 r/min, and feed speed of 10 r/min. The yield of granules prepared by dry granulation technology was significantly higher than that of wet granulation technology. Conclusion The dry granulation technology can effectively improve the agglomeration of the granulation process of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules, and was suitable for granulating process of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules.