Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Background: Co-infections of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) are severe in Chinese pigs, but the immune response genes against co-infected with 2 pathogens in the lungs have not been reported. Objectives: To understand the effect of PRRSV and/or HPS infection on the genes expression associated with lung immune function. Methods: The expression of the immune-related genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting assays. Results: All experimental pigs showed clinical symptoms and lung lesions. RNA-seq analysis showed that 922 DEGs in co-challenged pigs were more than in the HPS group (709 DEGs) and the PRRSV group (676 DEGs). Eleven DEGs validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Eleven common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to infection and immune were found in single-infected and co-challenged pigs, including autophagy, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and antigen processing and presentation, involving different DEGs. A model of immune response to infection with PRRSV and HPS was predicted among the DEGs in the co-challenged pigs. Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and interleukin-21 (IL21) were detected by IHC and western blot and showed significant differences between the co-challenged pigs and the controls. Conclusions These findings elucidated the transcriptome changes in the lungs after PRRSV and/or HPS infections, providing ideas for further study to inhibit ROS production and promote pulmonary fibrosis caused by co-challenging with PRRSV and HPS.

Objective To detect mutations of the type Ⅱ human basic hair keratin (hHb) gene in a family of Han nationality with monilethrix.Methods Clinical data were collected from a family of Han nationality with monilethrix.Dermoscopy was performed to observe hairs of the family members,and light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to investigate the features of lesional hairs.Blood samples were obtained from the proband,other family members and 100 healthy controls,and DNA was extracted from these blood samples.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the exons 1 and 7 of the hHb1,hHb3 and hHb6 genes,and DNA sequencing results were compared with their sequences in the GenBank database.Results The proband was an 8-year-old girl,whose head hairs had become fragile and easy to pull out since 2 months after birth.Skin examination showed diffuse sparsehairs,most of which were 2-cm-long broken hairs with abnormal appearance.Moniliform hairs were scattered all over the head,especially on the occipital region,and follicular keratotic papules were observed on the back of the neck.The proband was diagnosed with monilethrix.There were a total of 15 members in the 3-generation family,and 4 were diagnosed with monilethrix.The hair shafts of the 4 patients all showed typical moniliform structures.After 9-month consecutive treatment with topical minoxidil 2％ solution,the hairs of the proband turned longer and denser.A heterozygous mutation c.1237G＞A (p.E413K) was identified in the exon 7 of the hHb6 gene in the 4 patients,but not in the other family members or 100 healthy controls.Conclusion The E413K mutation of the hHb6 gene was firstly found in the patients in a Chinese Han family with monilethrix,which may be responsible for moniliform hairs.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of cutaneous adverse reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Methods Thirty patients with cutaneous adverse reactions to tyrosine kinase inhibitors were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2015 and December 2016,and their laboratory test results,histopathological findings and treatment response data were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 30 patients,15 presented with acneiform eruptions,10 with eczematoid eruptions,2 with morbilliform rashes,1 with telangiectasia,1 with hand-foot skin reaction,9 with xerosis,7 with nail changes and 4 with hair changes.A patient with grade 4 acneiform eruptions showed a markedly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) level (315 U/L).Mild ALT abnormalities (48.5-88.1 U/L) were found in 3 patients with grade 3 acneiform eruptions,1 with grade 2 acneiform eruptions,1 with grade 1 acneiform eruptions and 1 with eczematoid eruptions complicated by fever.Two patients with eczematoid eruptions and 1 with morbilliform rashes showed elevated proportions of peripheral blood eosinophils (0.057-0.303).Pathological changes of the acneiform eruptions included hyperkeratosis and dilation of hair follicles and neutrophilic infiltration.Pathological manifestations of eczematoid eruptions included different degrees of spongiosis,thickened spinous layer,irregular elongation of rete ridges and liquefaction degeneration of basal cells in the epidermis,and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the superficial dermis.Patients with grade 1-3 acneiform eruptions received oral minocycline for 6 weeks,skin lesions gradually regressed,but relapse occurred after the withdrawal.After withdrawal of targeted antineoplastic agents and 2-week treatment with systemic glucocorticoids,skin lesions gradually regressed in patients with grade 4 acneiform eruptions,those with eczematoid eruptions complicated by fever,and those with morbilliform rashes.Skin rashes also resolved in patients with mild morbilliform rashes and those with mild eczematoid eruptions after 2 weeks of treatment with antianaphylactic agents and topical glucocorticoids.Oral antibiotics were effective for the treatment of periungual erythematous swelling or granulomas.Conclusion Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-related cutaneous adverse reactions include a constellation of disorders,and hepatic function can be impaired.

Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine and propofol on cardiovascular system and cognitive function in the patients with depression during the modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT). Methods A total of 60 patients with depression treated by MECT were randomly divided into 2 groups. Induced anesthesia with ketamine and propofol were performed respectively during MECT. The course of treatment was 8 times. The mean arterial pressure(MAP)was recorded before therapy and at 5 min after MECT.Depression and the cognitive function were evaluated by using the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)before treatment and 1 day after treatment. Results There was no significant difference in MAP between the two groups after MECT(P > 0.05). The HAMD scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). In the total number of errors and the number of random errors,there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). But in completing classification of WCST ,the ketamine group was better than the propofol group(P<0.05). Conclusion Propofol has no obvious influence on the cognition function and little influence on MAP,so it could be the first choice of anaesthetic for the induction of MECT.

Objective To investigate the effect of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) with different anesthetics on efficacy of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods Ninety patients with TRD were enrolled in this study to receive a standard 8 times MECT. The HAMD-17 scale was evaluated before MECT and after the completion of the first, second, third, forth, sixth and eighth MECT session. The TESS scale was evaluated before MECT and after the completion of the last MECT session. Results Scores of HAMD-17 after the completion of the first, second, third, fourth, sixth and eighth MECT session were significantly reduced (P<0.05). There were significant differences of HAMD scales among the three groups since the first MECT session (P < 0.05). The remission rate of ketamine group, propofol group and mixed group was 96.7%, 43.3%, and 73.3% (P < 0.05). Conclusion MECT of ketamine anesthetic might contribute to the best effect of TRD.

Objective To understand the current situation of smoking and the influencing factors among female students of a medical college in Chongqing .Methods By applying the stratified cluster random sampling method ,992 female students were sam-pled from 5 faculties 3 grades in this college for conducting the smoking questionnaire investigation .Results The smoking rate a-mong female students was 3 .51% and the attempting smoking rate was 9 .18% .Among them ,the higher smoking rate mainly fo-cused on the students from urban area ,which was 9 .30% .The female students without opposite attitude to college student′s smok-ing had the smoking rate of 12 .11% and the female students with peripheral friends smoking had the smoking rate of 28 .22% .The influencing factors of smoking among female students included the place where the students came from ,student′s attitudes to smok-ing ,the smoking status of their peripheral friends ,etc .Conclusion The smoking rate among female students in the medical college is basically consistent to that of the national level of female smoking ,but the total cigarette contact rate is higher .It is necessary to strengthen the frequent smoking control education and intervention on the female students in the medical colleges for effectively re-ducing the smoking rate and decreasing the smoking harm to the female health .

Objective To understand the current situation of smoking among students of a medical college in Chongqing and its influencing factors .Methods By applying the stratified cluster random sampling method ,1 437 students were sampled from 5 facul-ties 3 grades in this college for conducting the smoking questionnaire investigation .Results The smoking rate was 12 .69% ,which in males and females were 32 .59% and 3 .51% ,respectively .Among them ,the nursing faculty and the grade 1 had the lowest smok-ing rates ,which were 4 .02% and 8 .84% respectively ;the smoking rate in the students from different origins had no statistical difference(P>0 .05) .The influencing factors of smoking included male ,faculty ,fresh students ,parents with smoking habit ,drink-ing and the knowledge acquistion frequency of smoking harmful to health ,etc .Conclusion It is imperative to strengthen the fre-quent smoking control education and intervention among the students in the medical colleges ,especially to males and the fresh students ,for effectively reduce the smoking rate .

Objective To understand the smoking intention in future 3-5 years among the students of a medical college in Chongqing .Methods According to the stratified cluster random sampling ,1 457 students from 3 grades in 5 faculties were sampled and performed the questionnaire investigation on the smoking behavior and smoking intention .Results The smoking rate was 12 .69% and the attempting smoking rate was 14 .95% .Among them ,the smoking rate and the attempting smoking rate in males were 32 .59% and 27 .46% ,and which in females were 3 .51% and 9 .18% ,respectively .The proportions of the students with hesi-tation and affirmation for answering the smoking intention in future 3-5 years and the current smoking students were 49 .44% and 23 .89% respectively ;which were 34 .82% and 14 .29% in males and 10 .52% and 1 .65% in females respectively ;which were 10 .24% and 3 .01% in grade 1 ,24 .73% and 7 .44% in grade 2 and 20 .30% and 6 .70% in grade 3 .Conclusion Partial medical students still insist on smoking in future ,and especially the students with the hesitating attitude of smoking in the future occupy a higher proportion .So it is necessary to strengthen the smoking control work in medical college and the antismoking attitude educa-tion .