Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells with lipid bilayer structure.As an important carrier of intercel-lular communication,exosomes are involved in regulating various pathological and physiological processes of the body.Exosomes can be used by immune cells to enhance or suppress immune response,and exosomes play an important role in allergic sensitization and in-flammation,in which mast cell-derived exosomes can absorb IgE and down-regulate IgE levels in the whole body.Tolerogenic exo-somes can inhibit allergic immune response by inducing regulatory T cells.Exosomes promote Th1 response to allergens;exosomes can also regulate IgE to promote antigen presentation,so exosomes are one of the development directions of immunotherapy.This article reviews the relationship between exosomes and allergic diseases and the progress in allergen specific immunotherapy.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells with lipid bilayer structure.As an important carrier of intercel-lular communication,exosomes are involved in regulating various pathological and physiological processes of the body.Exosomes can be used by immune cells to enhance or suppress immune response,and exosomes play an important role in allergic sensitization and in-flammation,in which mast cell-derived exosomes can absorb IgE and down-regulate IgE levels in the whole body.Tolerogenic exo-somes can inhibit allergic immune response by inducing regulatory T cells.Exosomes promote Th1 response to allergens;exosomes can also regulate IgE to promote antigen presentation,so exosomes are one of the development directions of immunotherapy.This article reviews the relationship between exosomes and allergic diseases and the progress in allergen specific immunotherapy.

Pasteurella is a genus of zoonotic pathogens that are widely distributed in both healthy and diseased ani-mals.Reports of human infections caused by wild animal bites are rare.This paper reports the first case of Pasteu-rella multocida infection caused by a snow leopard bite in China.The strains were identified using the DL-96 Ⅱ bac-terial identification system,BRUKER automatic microbial mass spectrometer,and Autof ms 1000 mass spectrome-ter.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the DL-96 Ⅱ bacterial assay system.After wound de-bridement,surgical incision and drainage,and combined antimicrobial treatment,the patient recovered and was dis-charged from the hospital.This paper aims to improve clinical health care workers'understanding on this bacterium.

Pasteurella is a genus of zoonotic pathogens that are widely distributed in both healthy and diseased ani-mals.Reports of human infections caused by wild animal bites are rare.This paper reports the first case of Pasteu-rella multocida infection caused by a snow leopard bite in China.The strains were identified using the DL-96 Ⅱ bac-terial identification system,BRUKER automatic microbial mass spectrometer,and Autof ms 1000 mass spectrome-ter.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the DL-96 Ⅱ bacterial assay system.After wound de-bridement,surgical incision and drainage,and combined antimicrobial treatment,the patient recovered and was dis-charged from the hospital.This paper aims to improve clinical health care workers'understanding on this bacterium.

Objective To investigate the potential mechanism of Jianpi Shenshi Formula for the treatment of hyperuricemia(HUA)by using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.Methods The active ingredients of Jianpi Shenshi Formula were searched and screened by combining TCMSP,BATMAN,and TCM-ID database with literature,and then SwissTargetPrediction was used to obtain the corresponding targets of the ingredients.Cytoscape 3.8.0 was used to construct a"drug-ingredients"network to analyze and obtain the main active ingredients of Jianpi Shenshi Formula.The GeneCards,OMIM,and disgenet databases were used to obtain the relevant targets of hyperuricemia.The intersection targets of Jianpi Shenshi Formula and hyperuricemia were imported into the STRING database for protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis,and hub targets for network were screened by CytoHubba plug-in.Meanwhile,the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the intersection targets were carried out using R4.2.2 software.Molecular docking of hub targets and key ingredients was performed using CB-DOCK 2.Results A total of 90 active ingredients of Jianpi Shenshi Formula were screened,among which quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,stigmasterol,and ethyl linoleate were the main active ingredients,and 837 targets corresponding to the ingredients were obtained,with a total of 64 intersecting targets.CASP3,IL1B,IL6,PPARG,SIRT1,MAPK3,TNF,STAT3,TGFβ1,PTGS2,and XDH were the hub targets.The potential targets of action are mainly enriched in signaling pathways such as inflammation,metabolism,environment,cellular processes,biological systems,and hyperuricemia-related pathways.Conclusion Jianpi Shenshi Formula may exert effects on inhibition of uric acid production,and/or enhancement of uric acid excretion,anti-inflammation,and amelioration of related complications through the modulation of hyperuricemia-related signaling pathways(including neoplastic,infectious,metabolic,and cardiovascular diseases),as well as metabolic,immune,inflammatory,and other biological pathways by a variety of active ingredients such as quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,stigmasterol,and ethyl linoleate.

Objective To simulate the chemical microenvironment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to investigate the effect of this microenvironment on the survival and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs).Methods The brain tissue homogenate of TBI rat model was harvested to simulate the chemical microenvironment after TBI.The primary NSCs of rat model were isolated and extraction,and then identified the phenotype characteristics with immunofluorescence staining.The experiments were divided into control group,normal brain tissue extract group (BTE group) and traumatic brain injury tissue extract group (TBITE group).The cell growth and morphological changes of each group were observed dynamically.The expression of apoptosis related protein,which includes Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3,were detected by Western Blot 24 h after experiments.The proliferation of NSCs was detected by MTT assay and Western Blot after 3 days.The differentiation level of NSCs to neurons was detected by immunofluorescence staining after 7 days.Results The results of Western Blot showed that compared with the control group,there was no significant change of apoptosis in the BTE group,while the apoptosis in the BTE group was significantly increased,showed a increase of expression levels of Bax (F=18.06,P＜0.01) and Cleaved caspase-3 (F=23.86,P＜0.01),and a decrease of that of Bcl-2 (F=22.95,P＜0.01).The results of MTT assay showed that compared with the BTE group,the proliferation of NSCs in the TBITE group was decreased (F=41.99,P＜0.01).The immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with the control group,the neuronal differentiation rate was increased in the BTE group.Further,compared with the BTE group,the neuronal differentiation rate in the TBITE group was decreased (F=66.93,P＜0.01).Conclusion The injury microenvironment after TBI can significantly inhibit the survival and differentiation of NSCs,which provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of endogenous nerve regeneration after TBI.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of interventional therapy in treating thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) . Methods A follow-up visit with 24 TAD patients had been operated in our hospital from November 2008 to March 2010. The clinical data, the therapeutic measures and the follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. Including the remission of symptom, average day in hospital,complication,the long term survival rates and so on. Results All 24 patients have survived, the symptoms have improved instantly, the hospitalization days was 7.3 days,and no complication occurred. The 3 years survival rate was 95.8%. Conclusion Interventional therapy have advantages of treating thoracic aortic dissection with less complication,more secure and higher long term survival rates.

0.05).After treatment,serum hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),type Ⅲ precollagen,type Ⅳ collagen peptide decreased more significantly in the treatment group than in the control group(P