Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nebulized inhalation of recombinant human interferon (IFN) α1b injection in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia and bronchiolitis) in children.Methods:A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled add-on design was used.Children with pneumonia or bronchiolitis aged 2 months to 5 years who tested positive for RSV antigen within 72 hours of onset from 30 clinical trial sites including Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University between February 2021 and December 2022 were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups at a ratio of 1∶1 based on a stratified-block method.Both groups received basic treatments such as cough control, asthma relieving, expectorant treatment, fever reduction, oxygen therapy, etc.The experimental group received additional nebulized inhalation of IFN α1b injection at a dose of 2.0 μg/(kg·time), twice a day.The control group received nebulized inhalation of placebo twice a day.Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on indicators such as the duration of clinical symptoms and signs, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the median and 95% CI of the duration of clinical symptoms and signs.The Log-rank test was used to compared data between groups.Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory tests, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference between groups. Results:There were 123 children in the experimental group and 122 children in the control group.The median durations of all the 5 clinical symptoms and signs [including shortness of breath, wheezing, dyspnea (visible retractions), decreased transcutaneous oxygen saturation, and abnormal mental state] in the experimental group after treatment were slightly shortened than those in the control group [2.7 d(95% CI: 1.9-3.0 d)] vs.[2.9 d(95% CI: 2.6-3.6 d), P=0.027].The improvement in dyspnea (retractions) was especially pronounced in the experimental group, with a relief rate of 50.0% (0, 100%) on the first day of administration[compared with 0 (0, 50.0%) in the control group ( Z=2.002, P=0.025)].The median duration of dyspnea in the experimental group was nearly 1 day shorter than that in the control group [1.0 d(95% CI: 0.7-1.7 d) vs.1.8 d(95% CI: 1.0-2.5 d), P=0.046].There were no significant difference in hospital stay [6.0(5.0, 8.0) d vs.6.5(5.0, 8.0) d, Z=0.675, P=0.500], oxygen therapy duration [32.0(14.0, 96.3) h vs.39.0 (24.0, 83.2) h, Z=0.094, P=0.925], the recovery rate from clinical symptoms during treatment [(105/106, 99.1%) vs.(96/101, 95.0%)], and recurrence rate [(0/106, 0) vs.(2/101, 2.0%)] between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).However, the above-mentioned four indicators in the experimental group showed a trend of clinical benefits.The quantitative virus detection results showed that the RSV viral load in both groups decreased after treatment compared to before treatment.After 2 days of treatment, the decline rate of RSV viral load from the baseline was 0.90 lg copies/(mL·d) in the experimental group and 0.25 lg copies/(mL·d)in the control group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05).Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).Importantly, no drug-related serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. Conclusions:The nebulized inhalation therapy of IFN α1b demonstrates efficacy and safety in treating pediatric RSV associated lower respiratory tract infections.It particularly offers outstanding clinical therapeutic value for severe children.

Objective:To study the effect of ZhuJing pill variant formula medicated serum on hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells and its mechanism. Methods:Thirty female SPF grade SD rats aged 2 months old were selected.The rats were randomized into blank control group and Zhujing pill variant formula group according to random number table method, with 15 in each group, which were intragastrically administered with normal saline and ZhuJing pill variant formula solution for 7 days accordingly to prepare blank control serum and medicated serum.ZhuJing pill variant formula medicated serum was prepared with SD rats.ARPE-19 cells were divided into normal control group, model control group, blank serum group as well as 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% medicated serum groups, SB216763 group and SB216763+ medicated serum group.Normal and blank control groups were cultured in normal culture medium, while the other six groups were cultured in blank rat serum medium, medicated serum medium of corresponding concentration, 10 μmol/L SB216763 medium and 10 μmol/L SB216763+ 10.0% medicated serum medium, respectively.Normal control group was routinely cultured, while the other groups were routinely cultured for 24 hours, and then added with H 2O 2 with the final concentration of 200 μmol/L for 24 hours.Cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell migration ability was detected by Transwell assay.Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay, and MDA level was identified by sulfhydryl barbituric acid assay.The expression levels of Nrf2 pathway related proteins including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) and EMT-related proteins including transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), snail family zinc finger 1 (SNAIL1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) in cells were measured by western blot assay.The use and care of animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals. Results:There was no significant difference in cell survival rate among blank serum group, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% medicated serum groups ( F=0.163, P>0.05). The cell survival rates were (100.50±5.91)%, (60.87±4.30)%, (73.27±4.46)%, (80.73±5.67)% and (89.90±4.97)% in normal control group, model control group, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% medicated serum groups, and the number of migrating cells was (84.67±8.33), (222.33±13.58), (215.67±10.02), (174.67±10.60), (143.67±8.02) and (107.67±6.66) pcs/visual field in normal control group, model control group, blank serum group, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% medicated serum groups, respectively, with significant differences among the groups ( F=26.628, 99.289; both at P<0.01). The contents of ROS and MDA in model control group were significantly increased in comparison with normal control group (both at P<0.01). The contents of ROS and MDA of 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% medicated serum groups were significantly decreased in comparison with model control group (all at P<0.01). The relative expression levels of SNAIL1, α-SMA, TGF-β2, p-AKT and p-GSK-3β proteins were significantly higher and the relative expression level of E-cadherin protein was significantly lower in model control group compared with normal control group, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% medicated serum groups (all at P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the relative expression level of cytoplasmic Nrf2 in model control group was decreased, while the relative expression levels of nuclear Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Compared with model control group, the relative expression levels of cytoplasmic Nrf2 in 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0% medicated serum groups were reduced, and the relative expression levels of nuclear Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1 were enhanced, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.01). Compared with model control group, the relative expression level of cytoplasmic Nrf2 in SB216763 group was decreased, and the relative expression level of nuclear Nrf2 was increased, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Compared with SB216763 group, the relative expression levels of cytoplasmic Nrf2, SNAIL1 and α-SMA in SB216763+ medicated serum group were decreased, and the relative expression levels of nuclear Nrf2 and E-cadherin protein were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Conclusions:ZhuJing pill variant formula medicated serum can inhibit H 2O 2-induced EMT in ARPE-19 cells.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of AKT/GSK-3β pathway and the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the auxiliary application strategy and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in laparoscopic anatomical hemihepatectomy (LAH).Method:The clinical data of consecutive patients who underwent RFA-assisted LAH from 5 hospitals including Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University between January 2016 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.Results:Among the 32 patients, there were 21 males and 11 females. The age range is 32 to 77 years, with a median age of 52 years. There were 18 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, including 16 cases of single lesion and 2 cases of two lesions, with the maximum tumor diameter of (5.6±1.2) cm. There were 12 cases of metastatic liver cancer, including 8 cases of single lesion, 3 cases of two lesions, 1 case of three lesions, and the maximum tumor diameter (4.7±1.6) cm. Primary hepatolithiasis: 2 cases. Right hemihepatectomy was performed in 23 cases and left hemihepatectomy in 9 cases. No conversion to laparotomy. The operation time of right hemihepatectomy was (310.0±22.0) min, and left hemihepatectomy was (285.0±25.0) min. Intraoperative hemorrhage (330.0±28.0) ml. No patients received intraoperative infusion of human red blood cell suspension. Postoperative reactive pleural effusion occurred in 6 cases, biliary fistula in 3 cases, wound infection in 1 case, and cross section effusion in 1 case, all of which recovered after conservative treatment. No postoperative abdominal bleeding and liver insufficiency. Postoperative hospital stay (9.5±3.2) d. The follow-up time was 1-42 months, and the median follow-up time was 20 months. During the follow-up period, 17 (56.7%) of the 30 patients with malignant tumor experienced tumor recurrence, no sectional tumor recurrence, and no death.Conclusions:RFA has a variety of auxiliary applications in LAH, including prevention and treatment of liver cancer rupture during mobilization of liver, treatment of small bleeding blood vessels during liver transection, and help in securing safe and adequate resection margins.

Objective To explore the relationship between the liver volume atrophy rate,liver stiffness measurements(LSM) and Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP) value with the Laennec histopathological classification in the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its value in the quantitative diagnosis of liver cirrhosis degree.Methods The clinicopathological data of liver biopsy tissue pathological slides,FibroScan,CT examination and hematological detection in 32 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis were retrospectively analyzed.Liver cirrhosis was divided into mild,moderate and severe according to the Laennec liver cirrhosis histopathological classification.Then the relationship between the liver volume atrophy rate,LSM and CTP score with liver cirrhosis histopathological.Results Among 32 cases,9 cases(28.12％) were mild,12 cases(37.50％) were moderate and 11 cases(34.38％) were severe.The liver volume atrophy rates of mild,moderate and severe groups were (16.75±2.20)％,(23.11±6.67)％ and(35.55±5.70)％ respectively;LSM were(14.96±3.36),(20.21± 3.07),(37.03 ± 16.44) kPa respectively,the difference among 3 groups was statistically significant (P＜ 0.01).The CTP scores had no statistical difference among the 3 groups were(P＞0.05).The cirrhosis histopathological grade had the positive correlation with the liver volume atrophy rate and LSM(r=0.93,0.74,P＜0.01),however had no obvious correlation with the CTP scores(r=0.27,P＞0.05);the liver volume atrophy rate was positively correlated with LSM and CTP score(r=0.90,0.91,P＜0.01);while LSM had no obvious correlation with CTP score (r =0.15,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The more severe the cirrhosis histoathological grade,the bigger the liver volume atrophy rate and the higher the FibroScan detection value;the liver volume atrophy rate and LSM may serve as the quantitative diagnosis indicators of liver fibrosis histopathological severity.

To explore the best measurement of waist circumference related with intra-abdominal fat area evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI). Totally 207 participants aged 20-60 years were enrolled. Waist circumference were measured at the levels of navel ( WC1) and the midpoint between costal brim and iliac cest (WC2). Intra-abdominal fat area was evaluated by MRI scan. Intra-abdominal fat area was significantly higher in men than in women [(132. 17 ± 59. 49 vs 70. 56 ± 35. 33)cm2 , P<0. 01]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that WC1 and WC2 were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat area (r = 0. 779, r = 0. 809, both P<0. 01). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that WC1 and WC2 were independently associated with intra-abdominal fat area(β=0. 553, R2 =0. 714, P<0. 01; β = 0. 603, R2 = 0. 735, P<0. 01). All of the two different measurements of waist circumference parameters may reflect intra-abdominal fat area, while WC1 seems to be the simpler one.

Objective To explore the effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular in obese men without diabetes mellitus.Methods Ten obese men without diabetes mellitus (body mass index (BMI) ＞ 25 kg/m2)were enrolled in this study.All subjects received 6 months treatments of liraglutide.Cardiovascular risk factors were measured at 0 and 6 months after treatment.Results Compared to the baseline,BMI and blood pressure didn't change(P＞0.05).The waist-hip ratio and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in base line were 0.98±0.04,(5.96± 0.4) 6％,significant different from those after treatment (0.94 ± 0.04,(5.45 ± 0.25) ％;t =2.391,4.115;P＜0.05).The high density lipoprotein cholesterol and superoxide dismutase after treatment were (1.24 ±0.15) mmol/L and (92.6±6.1) U/ml,higher than those before treatment ((1.08±0.16) mmol/L,(83.2 ± ±9.2) U/ml;t =2.843,2.490;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Liraglutide improve body fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in obese men.

Qi She Pill (QSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that has been used in treating cervical spondylosis radiculopathy for many years. In this study, a simple and sensitive method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) on a reverse-phase C18 column was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 19 major components in QSP. We found that the optimum mobile phase for gradient elution was 0.1% formic acid and methanol. The correlation coefficients of all calibration curves were greater than 0.99. Recoveries measured at three concentration levels varied from 95.43% to 102.35%. Relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 4.45%. After successfully validating our method, we then applied it to the quantification of 19 components in QSP products to show that this method provides a new standard in quality assessment of TCM prescriptions containing multiple bioactive components.

Objective To analyze the MRI data of misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed of breast lesions and their histopathological features.Methods Data from 241 breast lesions within 121 patients were recruited in this study.The data included MRI images,uhrasounds and X-ray images were retrospectively interpreted by two radiologist and each lesion was assessed according to the BI-RADS classification.The pathologic features of miss or error diagnosed lesions on MRI were analyzed.Results In 241 breast lesions (malignance 120,bcnign 121),4 lcsions were miss diagnosed on MRI.Thcy were 2 intraductal papillomatosis and 2 fibroadenoma.All was benign.Twenty three lesions were misdiagnosed on MRI.Sixteen were overestimation,including 3 chronic inflammations,3 sclerosing adenosis,2 fibroadenoma,4 fibrocystic changes with or without atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH),2 intraductal papilloma,1 infiltration of pectoralis major muscle and 1 axillary lymphnode metastasis.Meanwhile,there were 7 lesions were underestimation.These lesions included 2 invasive ductal carcinomas,1 mucinous adenocarcinoma,2 DCIS and 1 blunt duct adenosis with ADH and focal cancerous,1 inflammatory breast cancer underwent chemotherapy.The sensitivity and specificity and accuracy of breast MRI were 95.83 ％ (115/120),72.73 ％ (88/121),84.23 ％ (203/241),respectively.MRI findings had no difference with respect to mammogram or ultrasound was 75.10 ％ (181/241).Conclusion MRI misdiagnosis and missed often occurs in smaller breast lesions,morphologic and hemodynamic malignant manifestation atypical,especially intraductal lesions.MRI diagnosis should be combined with physical examination,X-ray mammogram and ultrasound to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce missed diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of the genetic polymorphisms in osteoporosis-related genes and the gene-gene interaction on bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fractures.Methods Thirty-nine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in 23 genes that related to bone mineral density ( BMD ) and osteoporotic fractures were scanned in 683 Shanghai Han postmenopausal women.TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay or Sequenom Mass ARRAY System were applied for genotyping analysis.The relation of these SNP sites with BMD and osteoporotic fractures were analyzed.Results Altogether,12 SNPs in 9 candidate genes ( rs7524102 and rs6696981 in ZBTB40 gene,rs9479055 in ESR1 gene,rs6993813,rs6469804,and rs11995824 in OPG gene,rs3736228 in LRP5 gene,rs1107748 in SOST gene,rs87938 in CTNNB1 gene,rs1366594 in MEF2C gene,rs7117858 in SOX6 gene,and rs10048146 in FOXL1 gene) were associated with BMD at lumbar spine(L1-L4) or total hip.In addition,rs11898505 in SPTBN1 gene was related to osteoporotic fractures ( OR 0.522,95％ CI 0.326-0.838,P =0.007 ).Gene-gene interaction involving rs1038304 in ESR1 gene,rs1366594 in MEF2C gene,and rs10048146 in FOXL1 gene was associated with osteoporotic fractures ( P =0.010 7 ).Conclusions ( 1 ) SNPs in gene ZBTB40,ESR1,OPG,LRP5,SOST,CTNNB1,MEF2C,SOX6,FOXL1,and SPTBN1 are associated with BMD of lumbar spine or total hip,as well as osteoporotic fractures.(2) Gene-gene interaction involving rs1038304,rs1366594,and rs10048146may contribute to the risk of osteoporotic fractures.