Objective To investigate the effects of dapagliflozin combined with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on hemorheology and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Quanzhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to October 2022 were randomly divided into two groups, with 51 cases in each group. Control group was treated with dapagliflozin, while study group received a combination therapy of dapagliflozin and GLP-1 RAs (liraglutide). The clinical efficacy, blood glucose indicators[fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 hPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)], fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance[homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β)], lipid indicators[total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-densitylipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], hemorheological indicators[erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), hematocrit (HCT), erythrocyte deformation index (EDI), plasma viscosity (PV)], and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate was 94.12% in the study group, which was significantly higher than 80.39% in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, FBG, 2 hPG, HbA1c and BMI were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups, and levels of FBG, 2 hPG and HbA1c in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, FINS and HOMA-β in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while HOMA-IR was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, HDL-C level was significantly higher than that before treatment in both groups, while TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in both groups; additionally, HDL-C level after treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, EAI, HCT, EDI and PV levels were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups, and levels of indexes mentioned above in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 11.76%, which showed no significant difference when compared to 9.80% in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion The combination therapy of dapagliflozin and GLP-1 RAs (liraglutide) is effective in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can effectively regulate blood glucose and lipid levels, alleviate insulin resistance, and improve hemorheological indicators.

Objective:To investigate the effects of dexmetomide intrathecal injection on the behavior and the spinal cord glial cells of rats with phantom limb pain.Methods:Eighteen healthy and clean adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups ( n=6): sham operation group, control group, and DEX group. The control group and the DEX group were used to establish the model of phantom limb pain by chronic constriction injury of the sciatica (CCI); and the sham operation group was treated with sham operations. One week after the establishment of the model, a single intrathecal injection was carried out. The sham operation group was treated with normal saline, and the control group was treated with DEX at a dose of 30 μg/kg. At the time points before the intrathecal injection (T1), and 30 min (T2), 12 h (T3), 2 d (T4), and 1 week (T5) after the intrathecal injection, the behavior, the bradykinin (BK) and histamine (HIS) contents in the blood of the rats at each time point were observed and recorded. One week later, three rats in each group were randomly selected according to random number table method and killed; and the changes of the glial cell activation in the spinal cords of the rats in each group were observed through immunohistochemical staining. Results:Compared with the sham operation group, the total moving distances were significantly reduced in the control group and the DEX group at T1 ( P<0.05). In the DEX group, the total moving distances of the rats at T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly higher than those at T1 ( P<0.05). The total moving distances and the counts of crossed squares in the DEX group increased with time. The time of movement at T2 and T5 were significantly higher than those of T1 ( P<0.05). Compared with T1, the BK and HIS values in the control group showed an increasing trend with time; and the BK and HIS values in the DEX group showed a decreasing trend. Compared with the sham operation group, the astrocytes and microglia increased significantly in the control group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the count of astrocytes in the DEX group decreased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Dexmetomide intrathecal injection can improve the motor behavior of rats with phantom limb pain, inhibit the pain-causing factor and inflammatory factors, and decrease the activation of glial cells in the spinal cord to protect the nerves. Hence it is a new idea for the treatment of phantom limb pain.

Objective:To investigate the effects of dexmetomide intrathecal injection on the behavior and the spinal cord glial cells of rats with phantom limb pain.Methods:Eighteen healthy and clean adult male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups ( n=6): sham operation group, control group, and DEX group. The control group and the DEX group were used to establish the model of phantom limb pain by chronic constriction injury of the sciatica (CCI); and the sham operation group was treated with sham operations. One week after the establishment of the model, a single intrathecal injection was carried out. The sham operation group was treated with normal saline, and the control group was treated with DEX at a dose of 30 μg/kg. At the time points before the intrathecal injection (T1), and 30 min (T2), 12 h (T3), 2 d (T4), and 1 week (T5) after the intrathecal injection, the behavior, the bradykinin (BK) and histamine (HIS) contents in the blood of the rats at each time point were observed and recorded. One week later, three rats in each group were randomly selected according to random number table method and killed; and the changes of the glial cell activation in the spinal cords of the rats in each group were observed through immunohistochemical staining. Results:Compared with the sham operation group, the total moving distances were significantly reduced in the control group and the DEX group at T1 ( P<0.05). In the DEX group, the total moving distances of the rats at T2, T3, T4 and T5 were significantly higher than those at T1 ( P<0.05). The total moving distances and the counts of crossed squares in the DEX group increased with time. The time of movement at T2 and T5 were significantly higher than those of T1 ( P<0.05). Compared with T1, the BK and HIS values in the control group showed an increasing trend with time; and the BK and HIS values in the DEX group showed a decreasing trend. Compared with the sham operation group, the astrocytes and microglia increased significantly in the control group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the count of astrocytes in the DEX group decreased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Dexmetomide intrathecal injection can improve the motor behavior of rats with phantom limb pain, inhibit the pain-causing factor and inflammatory factors, and decrease the activation of glial cells in the spinal cord to protect the nerves. Hence it is a new idea for the treatment of phantom limb pain.

Objective To analyze the comparability of potassium results detected by blood-gas analyzer and dry chemical analy-zer .Methods Dry chemical detection system was used as comparison method (X) ,and blood gas analyzer systems was used as the experimental method (Y ) .Arterial blood samples collected from ICU newborns were detected respectively by the two methods .If SE of medical decision level was less than or equal to 1/2 TEa decided by CLIA′88 ,the results was acceptable .Results There was a linear correlation in potassium concentrations of the two detection systems(r=0 .976 ,P<0 .01) .But among three medical decision levels ,the SE of the two detection systems only acceptable at 3 .0 mmol/L .Conclusion The potassium concentration of blood gas analyzer is lower than that of dry chemistry analyzer .The potassium concentration of dry chemistry analyzer should be taken as a reference to diagnose and clinical treatment .