Although video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) offers clear advantages, including minimal trauma and rapid recovery, stable intraoperative visualization still depends heavily on the camera assistant. Traditional manual endoscope holding is therefore susceptible to several limitations, including image instability, assistant fatigue, and poor coordination with the primary surgeon. Operating in complex and confined anatomical spaces with a rigid thoracoscope further increases the demands on hand-eye coordination. Thoracoscopic camera-holding technology has progressively evolved from passive support systems to active camera holders and robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) platforms, and is now advancing toward artificial intelligence-driven tracking and intelligent control. Based on this, a series of devices, including multifunctional intelligent assistant arms and active camera-holding arms for thoracic surgery, have been developed and have attracted increasing attention. This article reviews the development of intelligent camera-holding assistant arms and discusses related advances and future directions in the field.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of potentially inappropriate medication （PIM） among the elderly in nursing homes in Urumqi based on three PIM screening tools， and to compare the applicability of different tools. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Elderly individuals from six nursing homes in Urumqi were selected as the research subjects from May 2021 to September 2023. Demographic characteristics， disease burden and medication records of the elderly were collected. PIM screening was performed using the Chinese PIM criteria （2024 edition）， the American Geriatrics Society （AGS） Beers criteria （2023 edition）， and the Screening Tool of Older Person’S Prescriptions（STOPP）/Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment（START） （2023 edition）. Fleiss’s Kappa test was used to assess the consistency among the three screening tools， and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PIM. RESULTS The prevalence of PIM screened by the Chinese PIM criteria was 47.4% （323/682）， by the AGS Beers criteria was 43.4% （296/682）， and by the STOPP criteria was 50.9% （347/682）. The consistency among the three screening tools was low （Fleiss’s Kappa＝0.12， P ＜0.001）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that all three screening tools indicated that polypharmacy， aspirin use and psychotropic drug use were independent risk factors for PIM among elderly in nursing houses （all OR＞1， P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PIM among the elderly in nursing homes in Urumqi is relatively high. Polypharmacy， aspirin use and psychotropic drug use are common independent risk factors for PIM. There are differences in screening results among the three tools with low consistency. The Chinese PIM criteria can serve as a first-line tool for PIM screening in nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE To construct a pharmaceutical care framework suitable for elderly individuals in nursing homes， so as to provide standardized content guidance for relevant practice. METHODS The initial items of pharmaceutical care content in n ursing homes were drafted through literature research and semi-structured interviews. Delphi method was used to conduct correspondence consultation among 38 experts from related fields in Xinjiang. The expert positive coefficient， authority coefficient， and Kendall’s W were calculated， and the analytic hierarchy process was employed to determine the weight of each item. After thorough discussion among the research team members， the pharmaceutical care framework suitable for elderly individuals provided by hospital pharmacists collaborating with nursing homes was finalized. RESULTS The questionnaire recovery rates for both rounds of expert correspondence consultation were 100%， with an authority coefficient ＞0.8 and Kendall’s W ranging between 0.153 and 0.185 （ P ＜0.001）. A total of 7 primary items and 31 secondary items were ultimately determined， with the consistency ratio of the item weights all being less than 0.1. Based on the integration of importance and feasibility， among the primary items， “assessment of pharmaceutical care needs” was assigned the highest weight. Among the secondary items， highly practical items such as “survey of pharmaceutical care needs”“guidance on usage and dosage”“methods for correctly reading drug package inserts”， and “self-management of common chronic diseases in the elderly” were assigned relatively high comprehensive weights. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical care framework suitable for elderly individuals provided by hospital pharmacists collaborating with nursing homes， which was constructed based on the Delphi method， demonstrates good scientific validity and reliability， and can serve as a reference for pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care in nursing homes.

Objective To establish and verify a mature and stable glioblastoma(GBM)organoid model,so as to provide an accurate and personalized preclinical model for the research and treatment of GBM.Methods Fresh GBM tissues obtained through surgical procedures were initially processed,and then GBM stem cells(GSCs)were isolated using stem cell culture medium and were identified.Subsequently,GSCs were cultured in organoid culture medium for 3D cultivation,and GBM organoids were successfully obtained.The histological morphology of GBM organoids was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(H-E)staining;the stemness and similarity to the parental tumor were identified by immunofluorescence staining;and the in vivo tumorigenic ability of GBM organoids was identified by orthotopic tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice.Results A total of 7 GBM organoids were constructed from 9 human GBM samples,with a morphology resembling"neurosphere",and the average duration for organoid formation was 1 week.H-E staining results showed that the histological morphology of GBM organoids under high-power microscope was very similar to that of GBM tumor tissues;immunofluorescence staining results indicated that the GBM organoids possessed stemness characteristics and histological cellular similarity;and GBM organoids had a stronger tumorigenic ability compared to ordinary GBM cells in nude mice.Conclusion This study presents a stable and reliable method for constructing GBM organoids retaining the histological characteristics of the original GBM tissue,which providing new insights for future GBM research and clinical practice.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)is a degenerative vascular disease occurring in the lower segment of the aortic diaphragm,mainly manifested by irreversible dilatation of the entire artery,preferably in the elderly population.The pathogenesis of AAA is complex and involves multiple factors,with genetic variations and immune imbalances playing important roles.Its pathological changes mainly include inflammatory cell infiltration,degradation of stromal elastin,and smooth muscle cell death.Rupture of AAA is the most dangerous complication,with a high mortality.Surgery remains the only effective intervention,but carries certain risks and postoperative complications.Early intervention for small abdominal aortic aneurysms to slow down aneurysm expansion and achieve long-term survival is currently a focus of drug and technology research.This article reviews the pathogenesis of AAA and its intervention strategies,and summarizes the research on existing drugs and the use of new targets and technologies,so as to provide insights for better understanding and treatment of AAA.

Objective To investigate the anatomical structure and surface location of the Lieque(LU7)acupoint.Methods Firstly,the anatomical localization descriptions of the Lieque(LU7)acupoint from classical medical literature were reviewed and summarized.A total of 21 participants were recruited from Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January to March 2025.A Cartesian coordinate system was established over the Lieque(LU7)region on the right forearm.Following standardized manual pressure stimulation,the coordinates of the participant′s reported acupoint sensations were recorded.Based on surface pressure mapping result,10 participants were arbitrarily selected for acupuncture intervention.Upon elicitation of acupoint sensation,the ultrasound imaging was used for real-time visualization of anatomical spatial relationships between the needle tip and distal radial osseous landmarks.Five red latex-perfused adult upper limb specimens were selected for microdissection of the Lieque(LU7)regions pre-localized via ultrasonography,achieving definitive structural characterization of its anatomical strata.Another 10 participants were arbitrarily selected to find the physical structure of the Lieque(LU7)acupoint using ultrasound,and the similarities and differences of acupoint sensation responses were verified using acupuncture needle insertions into both the demarcated zone and peripheral tissues.Results The descriptions of the localization of the Lieque(LU7)acupoint in ancient books can be summarized as"one and a half cun above the wrist side"longitudinally,and"at the intersection head,between two tendons and two bones in the hollow"transversely.During surface pressure application,the sites of the participant′s elicited acupoint sensation were anatomically concentrated in the proximal depression adjacent to the radiopalmar ridge,specifically at the transitional interface between the extensor pollicis brevis tendon and scaphoid bone.During acupuncture-induced acupoint sensation,ultrasound imaging demonstrated that the location of the needle tip was located within the proximal depression adjacent to the radiopalmar ridge,accompanied by arterial hemodynamic perfusion signals into adjacent osseous interfaces.Microdissection findings revealed perforating branches of the radial artery traversing the cortical bone interface within the Lieque(LU7)acupoint region.Acupuncture stimulation at the proximal depression adjacent to the radiopalmar ridge elicited consistent acupoint sensations in all 10 participants,and the acupoint sensations differed from those of other surrounding tissues.Conclusion The anatomical structure of Lieque(LU7)acupoint is located within the proximal depression adjacent to the radiopalmar ridge,characterized by the presence of"hilus of bone"structure.

Objective:In order to establish benchmark values for new medical service items,it aims to investigate the predictive models and influencing elements that affect the work relative value unit in clinical surgical items in China.Methods:Generalized Linear Model(GLM)and BP neural network techniques were used to investigate influencing factors and build prediction models using the National Medical Service Project Technical Specification(2023 Edition)as the value database.Results:The average relative value of human resource usage was 41.9,with a total of 6 011 items across 16 systems and anesthesia.The GLM's mean prediction error was 4%and its linear correlation coefficient was 0.997.The top 5 predictor variables in terms of importance were technical complexity(0.45),risk level(0.30),physician time(0.08),number of physicians(0.06),and nurse time(0.03).With a mean prediction error of 1.5%,the neural network model obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.996.Technical difficulty(0.20),physician time(0.20),perfusionist time(0.19),risk level(0.15),and medical technician time(0.06)were the top five predictors.Conclusion:Both types of predictive models are well-fitted and valid,and future medical service items can provide relative values of human resource consumption,creating an integrated relative point system.

Objective This study aims to explore the efficacy and complication rates of the transcranial approach(TCA)and extended endoscopic endonasal approach(EEEA)for the treatment of craniopharyngiomas based on the QST classification,providing a scientific reference for clinical decision-making on surgical approach.Methods A total of 151 patients who underwent craniopharyngioma surgery at our center from January 2018 to December 2023 were enrolled.The patients were categorized into Q-CP(suprasellar type),S-CP(infundibular type),and T-CP(tuberal type)according to the QST classification.Systematic collection and analysis were performed on the outcomes of TCA and EEEA treatments,respectively.The differences in effectiveness between the two approaches were evaluated based on the QST classification.Results The improvement rate of visual symptoms was overall higher in the EEEA group than in the TCA group(59.1%vs.36.5%,P=0.006),and the visual deterioration rate was lower(3.0%vs.14.1%,P=0.006).However,the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage was higher in the EEEA group(15.2%vs.3.5%,χ2=4.986,P=0.026).The incidence of postoperative seizures(8.2%vs.0,P=0.019),brain contusions(10.6%vs.0,P=0.005),and subdural hematoma(9.4%vs.0%,P=0.01)was higher in the TCA group.For patients with Q-CP type,the EEEA group had a higher rate of total tumor resection(92.9%vs.65.2%,P=0.025)and a lower recurrence rate(3.6%vs.21.7%,P=0.047),with shorter hospital stays and lower postoperative costs.The TCA group had higher intraoperative blood loss in this type(300 mL vs.200 mL,Z=-2.261,P=0.024).For S-CP type patients,the EEEA group showed a higher rate of total tumor resection(91.3%vs.74.2%)and a lower recurrence rate(0 vs.12.9%,P=0.031),with lower postoperative hospital costs.In T-CP type,due to the deeper location,EEEA showed limitations in protecting hypothalamic function and the TCA group had a better postoperative hypothalamic function score(P=0.035).Conclusion Based on QST classification,EEEA has advantages in Q-CP and S-CP types and is recommended as the preferred surgical procedure;In the T-CP type,TCA surgery is more helpful in protecting hypothalamic function.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) in training newly hired nurses′comprehensive emergency competence and to provide references for enhancing their capabilities.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted using purposeful sampling. From September to December 2022, newly hired nurses at Liaocheng Second People′s Hospital were selected as research subjects and randomly assigned to a controlor an observation group using random number table. The control group received traditional group drill training, while the observation group underwent RCDP training. The study compared pre- and post-training scores of emergency theory and skill assessments, scores on the Chinese version of the Perceived Cognitive Ability Scale in Emergency Situations (PCAS), and training satisfaction levels between the two groups.Results:Each group comprised 30 nurses. The control group consisted of 3 males and 27 females, with a mean age of (22.70 ± 1.09) years; the observation group included 2 males and 28 females, with a mean age of (22.93 ± 0.87) years. Post-training comprehensive emergency competence assessment scores was (89.19 ± 1.47) in the control group and (93.00 ± 1.41) in the observation group, with a statistically significant difference ( t = - 4.60, P<0.01). The scores and total scores of PCAS in the observation group were (34.23 ± 1.91), (12.70 ± 1.62), (10.03 ± 1.52) and (56.97 ± 3.09), respectively, which were higher than the (31.70 ± 2.42), (11.90 ± 1.16), (9.10 ± 1.42), and (52.47 ± 3.65) in the control group, the difference between the two groups were statistically significant ( t value were - 5.16 - - 2.20, all P<0.05). The total score of training satisfaction of nurses in the observation group was (41.93 ± 2.53) points, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the (33.80 ± 2.58) pointsin the control group ( t = - 12.33, P<0.01). Conclusions:The application of the RCDP method in training newly recruited nurses′comprehensive emergency competence effectively enhances their learning enthusiasm and initiative, thereby improving training outcomes.

Objective:In order to establish benchmark values for new medical service items,it aims to investigate the predictive models and influencing elements that affect the work relative value unit in clinical surgical items in China.Methods:Generalized Linear Model(GLM)and BP neural network techniques were used to investigate influencing factors and build prediction models using the National Medical Service Project Technical Specification(2023 Edition)as the value database.Results:The average relative value of human resource usage was 41.9,with a total of 6 011 items across 16 systems and anesthesia.The GLM's mean prediction error was 4%and its linear correlation coefficient was 0.997.The top 5 predictor variables in terms of importance were technical complexity(0.45),risk level(0.30),physician time(0.08),number of physicians(0.06),and nurse time(0.03).With a mean prediction error of 1.5%,the neural network model obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.996.Technical difficulty(0.20),physician time(0.20),perfusionist time(0.19),risk level(0.15),and medical technician time(0.06)were the top five predictors.Conclusion:Both types of predictive models are well-fitted and valid,and future medical service items can provide relative values of human resource consumption,creating an integrated relative point system.