In November 2023, the seventh National Nucleic Acid Vaccine Conference was held to deeply discuss the immune mechanism, safety risks, advantages, and disadvantages of nucleic acid vaccines, and review the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines developed by nucleic acid vaccine technology. Some prospectives were formed in the meeting that in the post-pandemic era, nucleic acid vaccine technology will play a role in the following areas: dealing with pathogens that are difficult to be prevented by traditional vaccines, promoting the upgrading of traditional live attenuated vaccines, contributing to the development of multivalent and combined vaccines, and rapid response to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. These views point out the direction for the future development of nucleic acid vaccine technology.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and management status of children with Turner syndrome (TS) in China.Methods:As a cross-sectional study, 1 089 TS patients were included in the database of the National Collaborative Alliance for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Turner Syndrome from August 2019 to November 2023. Clinical characteristics (growth development, sexual development, organ anomalies, etc.), karyotypes, auxiliary examinations, and treatments were collected and analyzed.Results:Among the 1 089 TS cases, 809 were recorded karyotypes. The karyotype distribution was as follows: 45, X in 317 cases (39.2%), X chromosome structural variants (including partial deletions of p or q arm, ring chromosome, and marker chromosome) in 89 cases (11.0%), 45, X/46, XX mosaicism in 158 cases (19.5%), mosaicism with X chromosome structural variants in 209 cases (25.8%), and presence of Y chromosome material in 36 cases (4.4%). Among the 824 TS cases, the age of diagnosis was 9.7(6.4, 12.2) years, with a height standard deviation score (HtSDS) of -3.1±1.2. Five hundred and fifty three cases underwent growth hormone (GH) stimulation test, and 352 cases (63.7%) had GH peak values <10 μg/L and 75.9% (577/760) had low IGF1 levels, with IGF1 SDS ≤-2 accounting for 38.2% (290 cases). Among 471 cases aged ≥8 years, 132 cases (28.0%) showed spontaneous sexual development (mean bone age (11.0±1.7) years), 10 cases had spontaneous menarche (mean bone age (12.0±2.2) years), and 2 cases had regular menstrual cycles. Common physical features included cubitus valgus (311 cases (28.5%)), neck webbing (188 cases (17.2%)), low posterior hairline (185 cases (17.0%)), shield chest (153 cases (14.0%)), high arched palate (127 cases (11.6%)), short fourth metacarpal (43 cases (3.9%)), and spinal abnormalities (38 cases (3.5%)). Congenital cardiovascular and urogenital anomalies occurred in 91 cases (19.4%) and 66 cases (12.0%)respectively. Abdominal ultrasound in 33 cases (7.2%) indicated fatty liver, hepatomegaly, intrahepatic bile duct stones, and splenomegaly. Among 23 cases undergoing oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) test, 2 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 4 with impaired glucose tolerance. Following diagnosis, 669 cases (80.7%) received rhGH treatment at a chronological age of (9±4) years and bone age of (8.3±3.2) years. Additionally, 112 cases (19.4%) received sex hormone replacement therapy starting at the age of (14±4) years and bone age of (12.6±1.2) years.Conclusions:The karyotypes of 45, X and mosaicism were most common in Chinese children with TS. The clinical manifestations were mainly short stature and gonadal dysplasia. However, a few TS children could be in the normal range of height, and some cases among those aged of ≥8 years old had spontaneous sexual development. Some exhibited physical features, congenital cardiovascular and urogenital anomalies, and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-IGF1 axis. Moreover, a few of them developed impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Following diagnosis, most of the patients received rhGH treatment, and a few of them received sex hormone replacement therapy.

Objective:To construct a value evaluation framework for high-value medical consumables,providing a guidance for medical insurance access and hospital access management scenarios in China.Methods:It conducted literature review,qualitative in-terviews and quantitative surveys.A total of 12 experts were invited for qualitative interviews,while 100 experts from four fields of health technology assessment,medical insurance,hospital management,and clinical practice participated in the quantitative survey.Through those process,it generated the composition of the value framework and the scoring of each item.Differences in ratings be-tween different scenarios and experts were analyzed through chi-square tests.The recommendation level for each item was graded.Re-sults:A comprehensive value evaluation framework for high-value medical consumables was established,which included 6 core dimen-sions,comprised 16 items for secondary dimensions and 50 items for tertiary dimensions.It showed significant differences between the medical insurance access and hospital access scenarios,as well as among different fields of experts in the same scenario.furthermore,grading the items in two scenarios.The medical insurance access scenario had 8 highly recommended items,and the hospital access scenario had 24 highly recommended items.Conclusion:Value evaluation should encourage multi-dimensional assessments and inter-disciplinary participation,continually improving the management of high-value medical consumables in medical insurance and hospital access.

Liver transplantation is one of the main treatments of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation severely affects the long-term survival rate of the recipients. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy play a critical role in HCC downstaging, preventing disease progression, reducing recurrence rate, prolonging the survival and improving the quality of life. However, no consensus has been reached on the application of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in recipients undergoing liver transplantation for HCC, including indications, timing and dosage. In this article, clinical research progresses on the indications and timing of targeted therapy and immunotherapy before and after liver transplantation for HCC were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for prolonging the survival of recipients after liver transplantation for HCC.

Cyanobacteria is one of the promising microbial chassis in synthetic biology, which serves as a typical host for light-driven production. With the gradual depletion of fossil resources and intensification of global warming, the research on cyanobacterial cell factory using CO2 as carbon resource is ushering in a new wave. For a long time, research focus on cyanobacterial cell factory has mainly been the production of energy products, such as liquid fuels and hydrogen. One of the critical bottlenecks occurring in cyanobacterial cell factory is the poor economic performance, which is mainly caused by the inherent inefficiency of cyanobacteria. The problem is particularly prominent for these extremely cost-sensitive energy products. As an indispensable basis for modern industry, polymer monomers belong to the bulk chemicals with high added value. Therefore, increasing attention has been focused on polymer monomers which are superior in overcoming the economic barrier in commercialization of cyanobacterial cell factories. Here, we systematically review the progress on the production of polymer monomers using cyanobacteria, including the strategies for improving production, and the related technologies for the application of this important microbial cell factory. Finally, we summarize several issues in cyanobacterial synthetic biology and proposed future developing trends in this field.
Cyanobacteria ; Macromolecular Substances ; Polymers ; Synthetic Biology

Objective To observe the destructive effects of chlorine disinfectants on the nucleic acid of novel coronavirus, and to assess the feasibility of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology for the evaluation of the disinfection effect of novel coronavirus. Methods A suspension quantitative inactivation test was used to observe the inactivation effects of different concentrations of chlorine containing disinfectants and different action times on the novel coronavirus. RT-PCR method was used to detect novel coronavirus nucleic acid for the disinfection effect evaluation. Results The chlorine disinfectants of 1 000 mg/L and 2 000 mg/L could destroy the nucleic acid of ew coronavirusafter application for over 30s. The chlorine disinfectant of 750 mg/L could destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirusafter application for over 15min. Chlorine disinfectant of 500 mg/L could not completely destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirusafter 30 min action. Conclusion The disinfection method stipulated in the national prevention and control plan using 1 000mg / L effective chlorine for the epidemic sites of new coronavirus for 30 minutes could completely destroy the nucleic acid of new coronavirus. The Real-time quantitative PCR can be used to evaluate the disinfection effect of new coronavirus.

Objective To analyze the function connection of the brain in smokers with resting-state fMRI.Methods Resting-state fMRI data of 53 smokers (smoking group) and 53 non-smokers (control group) were observed.The subjects in smoking group were divided into small or large amount smoking subgroup,as well as mild or severe addiction subgroup.The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) values of all subjects were calculated,and the differences of fALFF values and whole brain functional connectivity were observed.Results Compared with control group,fALFF significantly increased in the left limbic lobe,and decreased in the right superior temporal gyrus in smoking group.Compared to small amount smoking subgroup,fALFF significantly increased in the right superior temporal gyrus,and decreased in the bilateral limbic lobe in large amount smoking subgroup.Compared with mild addiction subgroup,fALFF significantly increased in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus,and decreased in the left limbic lobe in severe addiction subgroup.There are many increased and decreased functional connectivity brain areas in smoking group compared with control group.Conclusion There are many activity changes in addiction related brain areas and less in emotion control areas in smokers,and some brain areas activation changes are related to smoking amount and addiction level.

Objective: To develop autoverification rules to assistant the verification of biochemical results, based on laboratory information management system. Methods: Designed six kinds of autoverification logic rules according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) AUTO-10A and Accreditation Criteria for the Quality and Competence of Medical Laboratories(ISO15189: 2012), based on in-control of the Internal Quality Control. Those rules inculds: logic disorder rules, critical value rules, warning value rules, delta check rules, relevant contradictions rules, abnormal mode rules, etc. Those rules was setted up in laboratory information management system of Dian Diagnostics. From October 2016 to April 2017, The status of autoverification was checked according to the items and bar code, and compared with clinical diagnostic and manual review. Results: The passing rate of autoverification is over 65% when counted according to tests and is 45% when counted according to sample code, the coincidence rate is 92% with clinical diagnosis.In passing results of autoverification, the coincidence rate is 97.48% to 100% when campared with manual verification, and in not-passing results, the coincidence rate is 82.98% to 85.21%. Conclusion (1)Autoverification can verify half of routine biochemical test results by setting intelligent logics and rules. (2)Autoverification rules must be verified by a certain amount of test results before they can be formally applied. (3)Autoverification could improve the speed and efficiency of post-test steps.(Chin J Lab Med, 2018, 41: 547-553)

The clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring systems based on personal computer system can not meet the requirements of portability and home usage. The epilepsy patients have to be monitored in hospital for an extended period of time, which imposes a heavy burden on hospitals. In the present study, we designed a portable 16-lead networked monitoring system based on the Android smart phone. The system uses some technologies including the active electrode, the WiFi wireless transmission, the multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) algorithm, the back-propagation (BP) neural network algorithm, etc. Moreover, the software of Android mobile application can realize the processing and analysis of EEG data, the display of EEG waveform and the alarm of epileptic seizure. The system has been tested on the mobile phones with Android 2. 3 operating system or higher version and the results showed that this software ran accurately and steadily in the detection of epileptic seizure. In conclusion, this paper provides a portable and reliable solution for epileptic seizure monitoring in clinical and home applications.
Algorithms ; Cell Phone ; Electrocardiography ; Electroencephalography ; instrumentation ; Entropy ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Software

A method for simultaneous determination of 20 Perfluorinated alkyl substances ( PFAS) in animal liver using QuEChERs and HPLC_MS/MS technique was developed. The samples were extracted with 0. 1%hydrochloric acetonitrile and cleaned up with C18 , N_Propylethylendiamine ( PSA ) and graphitized carbon blacks ( GCB ) . The analytes were separated by a reversed phase C18 column and gradiently eluted with a mixed solution of 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate. The samples were quantified using isotope internal standard and external standard with the matrix matched standard calibration curve method. Good linearity was obtained for all the 20 PFAS at the concentration of 0. 1-10 μg/L with the linear correlation coefficients more than 0. 9995. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification ( LOQ) for PFAS were 0. 05-0. 2 μg/kg and 0. 4-0. 5 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries at three different concentration levels ( 0 . 5 , 2 and 5 μg/kg ) were in the range of 70 . 3% -108 . 1%. The repeatability expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD) was ranged from 2. 1% to 11. 9% (n=6).