Objective:To investigate the trends in insulin resistance, as represented by the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), among Chinese adult residents from 2010 to 2018 and to explore influencing factors.Methods:China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance was conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2018, using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method across all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. This study sampled 98 712 adults in 2010, 176 534 adults in 2013, and 184 876 adults in 2018, all aged ≥18 years, totaling 406 933 participants. Individuals with a TyG index > P75 were classified as having insulin resistance. The mean TyG index and the prevalence of insulin resistance were calculated for different years, sexes, age groups, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and subgroups for 2018. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test trends in means and rates over time, and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to analyze potential factors associated with insulin resistance. All analyses were adjusted for complex sampling weights based on the study design. Results:From 2010 to 2018, the mean TyG index among Chinese adults increased from 8.44±0.63 to 8.70±0.64, with significant upward trends observed across different age groups, sexes, and urban-rural residencies (all P<0.001). The mean TyG index was higher among males, urban residents, and those aged 45-59. There were significant differences in the mean TyG indices and prevalence of insulin resistance across provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) (all P<0.05). Higher insulin resistance prevalence was independently associated with being male, aged ≥45 years, living in urban areas, excessive alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity (all P<0.05). Conclusions:From 2010 to 2018, the level of insulin resistance, as indicated by the TyG index, showed an increasing trend among Chinese adults. Males, individuals aged ≥45 years, urban residents, and individuals with unhealthy lifestyles such as excessive alcohol consumption or insufficient physical activity should be the focus of efforts to prevent and control metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To assess the anti-skin photoaging properties of total flavonoids(TFT)extracted from the Chinese herb tulip,a preliminary analysis of its mechanism in combating skin photoaging were conducted.Methods UVB-induced photoaging mouse model was used to assess the anti-skin photoaging effects of TFT.A network pharmacology approach was used to conduct a preliminary analysis of TFT's mechanism of action against skin photoaging.Furthermore,molecular simulation was employed to predict the interactions between the active ingredients and target proteins.Results Treatment with TFT effectively improved skin condition in UVB-induced photoaging mice.The mechanism of action of TFT against skin photoaging likely involved the regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1,modulation of SASPs transcription,and inhibition of MMPs activity.Conclusion TFT is an effective anti-skin photoaging ingredient that deserves further research and development.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To investigate the role of inhibitor of differentiation 2(Id2)in inducing the generation of central memory T(Tcm)cells and enhancing the anti-tumor persistence of T cells.Methods:CD8+na?ve T cells were sorted with magnetic beads and then co-cultured with carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)-loaded dendritic cells(DCs).These cells were induced into effector T(Teff)or Tcm cells by interleukin-2(IL-2)or IL-7/15/21/23,respectively.The mRNA and protein expression of Id2 and Id3 in T cells were detected using qPCR and WB,respectively.Id2 gene in T cells was knocked down using lentivirus,and the T cell memory phenotype was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of PI3K/AKT pathway-related proteins was examined by WB.The extracellular acidification rate(ECAR)and oxygen consumption rate(OCR)were assessed using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer.A zebrafish colorectal cancer HCT116 xenograft model was employed to analyze the anti-tumor differences between Teff and Tcm cells.The effect of Id2 gene knockdown in Tcm cells(Tcm-shId2)on the growth inhibition of secondary xenografts was also observed.Results:Tcm cells exhibited high expression of Id3 mRNA(P<0.05),whereas Teff cells showed high expression of Id2 mRNA(P<0.001).Tcm cells with Id2 knockdown(Tcm-shId2)were successfully constructed,showing significantly upregulated Id3 expression.Knockdown of Id2 promoted the formation of Tcm cell(P<0.05).Tcm-shId2 cells underwent metabolic reprogramming via the PI3K/AKT pathway,which effectively suppressed the growth of colorectal cancer xenografts in zebrafish and also produced significant inhibitory effects on secondary tumor growth(P<0.01).Conclusion:Id2 gene may regulate T cell metabolism through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,promoting the differentiation of CD8+T cells into Tcm cells and effectively inhibiting the growth of colorectal cancer xenografts.

Objective:To investigate the trends in insulin resistance, as represented by the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), among Chinese adult residents from 2010 to 2018 and to explore influencing factors.Methods:China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance was conducted in 2010, 2013, and 2018, using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method across all 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. This study sampled 98 712 adults in 2010, 176 534 adults in 2013, and 184 876 adults in 2018, all aged ≥18 years, totaling 406 933 participants. Individuals with a TyG index > P75 were classified as having insulin resistance. The mean TyG index and the prevalence of insulin resistance were calculated for different years, sexes, age groups, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and subgroups for 2018. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test trends in means and rates over time, and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to analyze potential factors associated with insulin resistance. All analyses were adjusted for complex sampling weights based on the study design. Results:From 2010 to 2018, the mean TyG index among Chinese adults increased from 8.44±0.63 to 8.70±0.64, with significant upward trends observed across different age groups, sexes, and urban-rural residencies (all P<0.001). The mean TyG index was higher among males, urban residents, and those aged 45-59. There were significant differences in the mean TyG indices and prevalence of insulin resistance across provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) (all P<0.05). Higher insulin resistance prevalence was independently associated with being male, aged ≥45 years, living in urban areas, excessive alcohol consumption, and insufficient physical activity (all P<0.05). Conclusions:From 2010 to 2018, the level of insulin resistance, as indicated by the TyG index, showed an increasing trend among Chinese adults. Males, individuals aged ≥45 years, urban residents, and individuals with unhealthy lifestyles such as excessive alcohol consumption or insufficient physical activity should be the focus of efforts to prevent and control metabolic diseases related to insulin resistance.

Objective To assess the anti-skin photoaging properties of total flavonoids(TFT)extracted from the Chinese herb tulip,a preliminary analysis of its mechanism in combating skin photoaging were conducted.Methods UVB-induced photoaging mouse model was used to assess the anti-skin photoaging effects of TFT.A network pharmacology approach was used to conduct a preliminary analysis of TFT's mechanism of action against skin photoaging.Furthermore,molecular simulation was employed to predict the interactions between the active ingredients and target proteins.Results Treatment with TFT effectively improved skin condition in UVB-induced photoaging mice.The mechanism of action of TFT against skin photoaging likely involved the regulation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1,modulation of SASPs transcription,and inhibition of MMPs activity.Conclusion TFT is an effective anti-skin photoaging ingredient that deserves further research and development.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Traumatic cataract is relatively common in clinical practice. Typically, non-metallic foreign bodies entering the eye do not cause intraocular reactions, manifesting only as traumatic cataract, while metal foreign bodies entering the eye are more likely to cause complications. Foreign bodies entering the eye can be detected through ophthalmic examination or found during cataract surgery. However, a very small number of patients may experience missed diagnosis in clinical practice. This article reported a case of traumatic cataract with disappearance of intraocular metal foreign body, presenting with a history and signs of ocular trauma and foreign body entry into the eye, but no foreign body was found before, during or after surgery. The reasons for the disappearance of the metal foreign body were also analyzed.