Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying molluscicides with drones against Oncomelania hupensis snails in marshland and lake areas, so as to provide new insights into field snail control in China. Methods A marshland and lake setting measuring approximately 12 000 m² was selected in Wanzhi District, Wuhu City on June 2023 as the test field, and assigned to four groups, of 3 000 m² in each group. Environmental cleaning was not conducted in groups A or B, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack-type sprayers and drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and environmental cleaning was conducted in groups C and D, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones and knapsack-type sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², respectively. O. hupensis snails were surveyed before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days post-treatment. The uniformity of chemicals was determined on the day of treatment, and the snail mortality, corrected snail mortality and density of living snails were calculated and compared among groups. The cost of molluscicides, labor fees of environmental cleaning and chemical treatment and cost of equipment were calculated, and the cost for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails was calculated 14 days post-treatment. Results The mean densities of living snails and mortality rates of snails were 1.82 to 2.85 snails/0.1 m² and 1.41% to 2.94% in groups A, B, C and D before chemical treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 55.75%, 49.32%, 85.94% and 87.50%, and 55.00%, 48.47%, 85.70% and 87.29% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment. There was a significant difference in the mortality of snails among the four groups 14 days post-treatment (χ² = 38.735, P < 0.005), and there was a higher snail mortality in Group D than in Group A (χ² = 16.876, P < 0.005), and higher in Group C than in Group B (χ² = 20.508, P < 0.005). The density of living snails reduced by 55.00%, 43.94%, 90.43% and 87.14% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The test for uniformity of chemicals showed that the mean dose of molluscicides were 57.34, 55.21, 40.19 g/m² and 32.37 g/m² in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, and the minimal standard deviation (7.07) and coefficient of variation (0.18) of mean doses were seen in Group C. The costs for chemical treatment were 0.33 Yuan in groups A and B and 1.53 Yuan in groups C and D, respectively. The costs for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails were 17.82, 22.47, 50.73 Yuan and 52.56 Yuan in groups A, B, C, and D 14 days post-treatment, respectively. Conclusions The molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones are comparable to manual spraying, and chemical treatment with drones are high in uniformity of molluscicides, time- and labor-saving, and feasible for applications in complex environments, which deserves widespread applications in the field of snail control.

In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of silk/threonine protein kinase (STK)-mediated blue light response in the algal Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, phenotype identification and transcriptome analysis were conducted for C. reinhardtii STK mutant strain crstk11 (with an AphvIII box reverse insertion in stk11 gene coding region) under blue light stress. Phenotypic examination showed that under normal light (white light), there was a slight difference in growth and pigment contents between the wild-type strain CC5325 and the mutant strain crstk11. Blue light inhibited the growth and chlorophyll synthesis in crstk11 cells, but significantly promoted the accumulation of carotenoids in crstk11. Transcriptome analysis showed that 860 differential expression genes (DEG) (559 up-regulated and 301 down-regulated) were detected in mutant (STK4) vs. wild type (WT4) upon treatment under high intensity blue light for 4 days. After being treated under high intensity blue light for 8 days, a total of 1 088 DEGs (468 upregulated and 620 downregulated) were obtained in STK8 vs. WT8. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that compared to CC5325, the crstk11 blue light responsive genes were mainly involved in catalytic activity of intracellular photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and pigment synthesis. Among them, upregulated genes included psaA, psaB, and psaC, psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbH, and L, petA, petB, and petD, as well as genes encoding ATP synthase α, β and c subunits. Downregulated genes included petF and petJ. The present study uncovered that the protein kinase CrSTK11 of C. reinhardtii may participate in the blue light response of algal cells by mediating photosynthesis as well as pigment and carbon metabolism, providing new knowledge for in-depth analysis of the mechanism of light stress resistance in the algae.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics* ; Photosynthesis/genetics* ; Plants/metabolism* ; Protein Kinases ; Threonine/metabolism* ; Carbon/metabolism* ; Serine/metabolism*

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and integrate domestic and foreign relevant evidence on the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children, and summarize the best evidence, so as to provide clinical practice guidelines for medical staff.Methods:We systematically searched the evidence on the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children in British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-based Health Care Center Database, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, International Practice Guideline Registry Platform (Chinese) , Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, International Society of Oral Oncology, European Society for Medical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Cochrane Library, BMJ Journals, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine Database. The evidence included clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus, best practices, systematic reviews and evidence summaries, and the search time limit was to build the database until November 1, 2019. The searched guidelines were independently evaluated by four guideline reviewers, and the rest of literature was independently evaluated by two researchers who received evidence-based training to evaluate the quality of the included literature, combined with the judgment of professionals. Evidence extraction and evidence summary were carried out on literature that met the quality standards.Results:A total of 8 articles were included, including 1 BMJ best practice, 5 JBI evidence summaries, 1 guideline, and 1 systematic review. The best evidence included 16 pieces of evidence in 7 areas of basic oral care, nursing evaluation, diet prevention, physical therapy, drug prevention, fungal infection prevention, and multidisciplinary team management.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children, and provides clinical practice guidelines for medical staff. Medical institutions should establish preventive measures for children's oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy based on the transformation of evidence-based evidence, and establish standardized multidisciplinary collaboration and nursing procedures to improve patient health outcomes.

Objective:To apply the best evidence for prevention of oral mucositis in children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to clinical practice and evaluate its efficacy.Methods:Evidence-based nursing method was applied to obtain the best evidence, the evidence quality review indexes were established and the obstacle factors were analyzed, and then the action strategy was constructed. Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 60 children who were admitted to HSCT ward of Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University and 14 nurses working in HSCT ward were selected as the research objects from August 2019 to October 2020. The children admitted from August 2019 to February 2020 were included in the control group, and children admitted from March to October 2020 were included in the experimental group, with 30 cases in each group. Children in the control group received routine preventive measures for oral mucositis, while children in the experimental group received preventive measures for oral mucositis constructed based on the best evidence. Before and after the application of the evidence, the nurses' knowledge of preventing oral mucositis in children with HSCT was investigated through self-developed test papers. The incidence of oral mucositis and parents' satisfaction with prevention measures for oral mucositis were compared between the two groups.Results:Evidence-based nursing practice used 10 pieces of evidence. The incidence of oral mucositis in the experimental group was 50% (15/30) , lower than 83% (25/30) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=7.50, P < 0.05) . The score of satisfaction with for preventive measures of oral mucositis of parents in the experimental group was (4.96±0.05) , which was higher than (3.65±1.60) of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-9.69, P<0.01) . After the application of the evidence, the score of nurses' knowledge of prevention of oral mucositis was (98.22±6.65) , which was higher than (78.72±12.03) before the application, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.30, P<0.01) . Conclusions:Management of oral mucositis in children with HSCT through evidence-based nursing practice can effectively reduce the incidence of oral mucositis in children, improve parents' satisfaction with prevention measures for oral mucositis and nurses' knowledge of prevention of oral mucositis.

Hypoxia inducible factor 1-α(HIF-1α) is a transcription factor induced by hypoxia, and it regulates the transcription of hypoxia-related genes for cells, especially for tumor cells to adapt to the hypoxic environment. HIF-1 α has been widely studied concerning breast cancer, liver cancer and other solid tumors. High expression level of HIF-1 α was related to tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapy-drug resistance. Recent studies showed that HIF-1α was closely related to the pathogenesis and the progress of hematological malignancies such as leukemias, and the expression of HIF-1 α was related to the prognosis of these patients. This paper reviews the research progress of HIF-1α in hematologic malignancies.

Objective:Under the guidance of "Five Elements Construction Model(FECM)" , Chengdu elderly care hospital has conducted the combination model of medical care and elderly care service.Based on the FECM, in the practice of health services for the elderly, Chengdu Elderly Care Hospital has actively explored the training of professional technicians, the creating of an aging patients-caring environment, the taking of effective and scientific measures, the adopting of the advanced theory at home and abroad, the setting up and operating of the specialized wards for the cognitive impairment in the elderly.And the combination model of Medical Care and Elderly Care in our hospital has got obvious achievement and progress.

Methods:Clinical data of 187 patients with left-sided hepatolithiasis and underwent laparoscopically or open left-sided hepatectomy from October 2014 to October 2019 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed in this propensity score matching (PSM) study and were matched in terms of age, sex, body mass index, liver function, ASA score, comorbidities, history of biliary surgery, and smoking history on the ratio of 1∶1.There were 47 cases in each group and the mean age were (54.7±12.3)years old(range:34 to 75 years old) and (53.2±12.6) years old (range: 34 to 75 years old) in open and laparoscopically group respectively. The data of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital-stay, complication rate, biliary fistula rate, stone clearance rate, and stone recurrence rate were compared. The quantitative data were compared using t-test or rank-sum test. Count data were analyzed with χ 2 test or Fisher test. Results:No significant difference was observed in the clinical characteristics of included 94 patients in this study(all P>0.05).The length of the postoperative hospital-stay after OLH was significantly higher than that in the LLH group((10.8±3.1) days vs.(8.5±2.2)days, t=4.085, P=0.000). LLR significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative biliary fistula compared with the OLH (6.3% vs.21.2%, χ 2=4.374, P=0.036) and the rates of postoperative complications in the OLH group was significantly higher than that in the LLH group (48.9% vs.27.6%, χ 2=4.502, P=0.034). Moreover, the stone recurrence rates in the LLH group was significantly lower than that after OLR (4.2% vs. 17.0%, χ 2=4.029, P=0.045). OLH (95 % CI: 1.55 to 10.75, P=0.004) and postoperative complications (95 % CI: 1.29 to 9.52, P=0.013) were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay. OLH (95 % CI: 1.428 to 44.080, P=0.018) and residual stones (95 % CI: 1.580 to 62.379, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative biliary fistula. Biliary fistula (95 % CI: 1.078 to 24.517, P=0.040) was an independent risk factor for the recurrence of stones. Conclusion:Compared with OLH, LLH is safe and effective for the treatment of the primary left-sided hepatolithiasis with the clinical benefits of shorter hospital stay, fewer morbidity and biliary fistula occurrence, and lower stone recurrence rates.

Methods:Clinical data of 187 patients with left-sided hepatolithiasis and underwent laparoscopically or open left-sided hepatectomy from October 2014 to October 2019 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed in this propensity score matching (PSM) study and were matched in terms of age, sex, body mass index, liver function, ASA score, comorbidities, history of biliary surgery, and smoking history on the ratio of 1∶1.There were 47 cases in each group and the mean age were (54.7±12.3)years old(range:34 to 75 years old) and (53.2±12.6) years old (range: 34 to 75 years old) in open and laparoscopically group respectively. The data of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital-stay, complication rate, biliary fistula rate, stone clearance rate, and stone recurrence rate were compared. The quantitative data were compared using t-test or rank-sum test. Count data were analyzed with χ 2 test or Fisher test. Results:No significant difference was observed in the clinical characteristics of included 94 patients in this study(all P>0.05).The length of the postoperative hospital-stay after OLH was significantly higher than that in the LLH group((10.8±3.1) days vs.(8.5±2.2)days, t=4.085, P=0.000). LLR significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative biliary fistula compared with the OLH (6.3% vs.21.2%, χ 2=4.374, P=0.036) and the rates of postoperative complications in the OLH group was significantly higher than that in the LLH group (48.9% vs.27.6%, χ 2=4.502, P=0.034). Moreover, the stone recurrence rates in the LLH group was significantly lower than that after OLR (4.2% vs. 17.0%, χ 2=4.029, P=0.045). OLH (95 % CI: 1.55 to 10.75, P=0.004) and postoperative complications (95 % CI: 1.29 to 9.52, P=0.013) were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay. OLH (95 % CI: 1.428 to 44.080, P=0.018) and residual stones (95 % CI: 1.580 to 62.379, P=0.014) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative biliary fistula. Biliary fistula (95 % CI: 1.078 to 24.517, P=0.040) was an independent risk factor for the recurrence of stones. Conclusion:Compared with OLH, LLH is safe and effective for the treatment of the primary left-sided hepatolithiasis with the clinical benefits of shorter hospital stay, fewer morbidity and biliary fistula occurrence, and lower stone recurrence rates.

Objective To investigate the Th1/Th2 cytokines and chemokine CXCL 13 levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)of patients with neurosyphilis and their clinical significance. Methods Forty seven HIV negative patients with neurosyphilis, 36 syphilis patients without neurological involvement(syphilis group)and 23 patients without infectious intracranial diseases(control group) admitted in Hangzhou Third Hospital during July 2011 to December 2014 were enrolled in the study.CSF pressure, protein contents, white blood cell counts and IgG index were detected in patients with neurosyphilis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of Th1 cytokines (IL-2,IL-12 and IFN-γ),Th2 cytokines(IL-6,IL-10)and CXCL13 in serum and CSF in three groups.Th1/Th2 cytokines,CXCL13 levels and CSF routine were also examined in neurosyphilis patients after treatment for 3 and 12 months.ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation were used for data analysis.Results The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and CSF from neurosyphilis patients were higher than those in syphilis group and control group(χ2IL-6=15.43, 15.39 and 14.44, 20.01,χ2 IL-10 =16.46, 23.86 and 15.11,24.44;P<0.05 or <0.01), while the levels of IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γin the serum and CSF were lower than those in syphilis group and control group(χ2IL-2=14.55,17.14 and 16.14,17.97;χ2IL-12=13.65,20.50 and 18.48,21.04;χ2IFN-γ=16.95,17.53 and 16.00,15.21;P<0.05 or <0.01). CXCL13 contents in CSF of neurosyphilis patients were significantly higher than those in other two groups (χ2=52.51 and 53.76, P <0.01), and were positively correlated with leucocyte counts, protein concentrations,IgG index,IL-6 and IL-10(r=0.325,0.544,0.750,0.333 and 0.382,P<0.05 or <0.01),but were negatively correlated with IL-12 levels in neurosyphilis patients(r=-0.303,P<0.05). In neurosyphilis patients,CXCL13 and IL-6 levels were reduced after treatment for 12 months(χ2=102.00 and 22.17,P<0.05 and <0.01), while the levels of IL-2 and IL-12 were increased(χ2=18.28 and 24.10,P<0.05 and <0.01).Conclusion Chemokine CXCL13 and Th1/Th2 cytokines are involved in the immune response in neurosyphilis patients, which may be used for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in patients with neurosyphilis.

Objective To compare the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) versus open liver resection (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods A total of 89 HCC patients undergoing liver resection between January 2012 and November 2016 were enrolled.Nonparametric tests were employed to compare the clinicalpathological characters and preoperative outcomes.Results No significant difference was observed in clinicalpathological features and postoperative morbidity.LLR group had shorter hospital stay (Z =4.642,P ＜0.01),lower serum ALT level in 1st,3rd and 5 day (Z =2.157,3.089,2.384,all P ＜0.05) and AST level in 1st-and 3rd-day postoperatively (Z =2.688,2.566,all P ＜0.05).The growth rate in serum total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) postoperatively is higher for LLR group (y =2.348 4x + 51.696 vs.y =0.902 9 + 35.532),(y =1.539 9x + 29.68 vs.y =0.732 9x + 30.406).Conclusion LLR allows quicker liver function recovery and shortens patients' postoperative hospital stay.