OBJECTIVE To assess the scientific rigor， clarity and feasibility of the recommendations of the Guidelines for Evidence-based Use of Biological Agents for the Clinical Treatment of Osteoporosis （hereinafter referred to as the Guideline） through external review， in order to further revise and improve the Guideline recommendations. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional survey research design， a convenience sampling method was adopted to select frontline medical workers in the field of osteoporosis （including clinical doctors， clinical pharmacists， and nurses） as well as patients or their family members. External review was conducted through a combination of closed-ended and open-ended electronic questionnaires to get feedback from them on the appreciation，clarity and feasibility of the 32 preliminary recommendations in the Guideline. RESULTS A total of 90 external review subjects from 15 hospitals were collected， including 45 clinical doctors， 15 clinical pharmacists， 15 nurses and 15 patients or their family members. The overall appreciation degree of recommendations was 99.38%， the overall clarity degree of recommendations was 98.92%， and the overall feasibility degree of recommendations was 99.65%. At the same time， 111 subjective suggestions were collected， which provided an important reference for the further improvement of the Guideline recommendations. Based on the above feedback， the Guideline steering committee and core expert group revised the wording of 12 draft recommendations without deletion， and finally determined 32 recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The external review provides an important basis for the final formation of the Guideline， further improves the scientific rigor， clarity and feasibility of the recommendations， and ensures the standardization， practicality and implementability of the Guideline.

Objective: To investigate the indoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution and its influencing factors in children s bedrooms using solid fuel, so as to provide evidence for effective strategy to reduce PM 2.5 pollution. Methods: From December 2019 to November 2020, 198 households (108 in the north, 90 in the south) from two pilots in the north(Jiamusi in Heilongjiang Province) and south of China (Mianyang in Sichuan Province) were selected, and status of solid fuels using were obtained through home visits, dynamic changes in PM 2.5 concentrations in children s bedrooms were monitored by using real time online instruments, and the influencing factors of PM 2.5 pollution were analyzed by using a mixed effects model. Results: During the monitoring period, the daily PM 2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 78.33 (40.50, 154.80) and 38.54(26.20, 58.46) μg/m 3, respectively, exceeding standard rates of 44.57% and 33.22%. During the heating period, the daily PM 2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 212.50(133.60,244.10) and 104.42(73.97, 134.90) μg/m 3, respectively, with over standard rates of 96.75% and 86.96%. The mixed effects model analysis results showed that children s bedroom PM 2.5 concentrations were associated with solid fuel usage duration, window opening time, room layout (shared entrance door between kitchen and bedroom), indoor smoking, indoor humidity, and solid fuel use in the bedroom ( β =0.19, -0.05, 1.20, 0.43, 0.02, 0.35, all P <0.05). Conclusion Solid fuel combustion significantly comtributes to PM 2.5 pollution in children s bedrooms, with more pronounced impacts observed in northern China compared to southern regions.

Flood disasters frequently occur in schistosomiasis-endemic regions of China during the flood season, which causes a high risk of schistosomiasis transmission. Therefore, it is particularly crucial to control schistosomiasis transmission during the flood season. Based on field schistosomiasis control needs, this article proposes scientifical and operational countermeasures during three phases of pre-flood preparation, response to flood disasters, and post-flood management, and emphasizes multi-faceted interventions as responses to the risk of Oncomelania hupensis spread and schistosomiasis transmission caused by flood disasters, including information collection, risk assessment, material reserve, health education, Oncomelania hupensis control, cercariae elimination, personal protection, and preventive treatment, so as to provide insights into schistosomiasis prevention and control during the flood season.

Glioma represents the most prevalent malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with chemotherapy serving as an essential adjunctive treatment. However, most chemotherapeutic agents exhibit limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study introduced a novel dual-targeting strategy for glioma therapy by modulating the formation of nanobody-driven protein coronas to enhance the brain and tumor-targeting efficiency of hydrophobic cisplatin prodrug-loaded lipid nanoparticles (C8Pt-Ls). Specifically, nanobodies (Nbs) with fibrinogen-binding capabilities were conjugated to the surface of C8Pt-Ls, resulting in the generation of Nb-C8Pt-Ls. Within the bloodstream, Nb-C8Pt-Ls could bound more fibrinogen, forming the protein corona that specifically interacted with LRP-1, a receptor highly expressed on the BBB. This interaction enabled a "Hitchhiking Effect" mechanism, facilitating efficient trans-BBB transport and promoting effective brain targeting. Additionally, the protein corona interacted with LRP-1, which is also overexpressed in glioma cells, achieving precise tumor targeting. Computational simulations and SPR detection clarified the molecular interaction mechanism of the Nb-fibrinogen-(LRP-1) complex, confirming its binding specificity and stability. Our results demonstrated that this strategy significantly enhanced C8Pt accumulation in brain tissues and tumors, induced apoptosis in glioma cells, and improved therapeutic efficacy. This study provides a novel framework for glioma therapy and underscores the potential of protein corona modulation-based dual-targeting strategies in advancing treatments for brain tumors.

Objective To investigate the health education needs and available resources in schistosomiasis-endemic areas based on integration of community resources, and to explore the operation pathways for health education and promotion during the stage of schistosomiasis elimination. Methods A community was selected from Nanji Township, Xinjian District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province around the Poyang Lake areas as the study site, and a questionnaire survey on health education needs for schistosomiasis control was conducted among permanent residents at ages of 20 years in the community during the period between June and July, 2022 using face-to-face interviews. In addition, the resources available for the community-based schistosomiasis control health education were investigated among workers in township-level specialized institutions, members of civil society organizations, villagers, teachers and high and primary school students through field observations, field surveys and thematic interviews. Results A total of 304 individuals participated in the questionnaire survey on community-based health education needs for schistosomiasis control, and 94.41% (287/304) and 93.42% (284/304) of the respondents were most interested in knowing/understanding knowledge of the morphology of schistosomes and knowledge associated with the transmission route of schistosomiasis. The four most popular patterns for disseminating schistosomiasis control knowledge included live broadcasting of schistosomiasis control videos (94.41%, 287/304), printed brochures (89.80%, 273/304), special lectures by doctors (62.50%, 190/304) and physical health education materials for schistosomiasis control (61.51%, 187/304). There were 96.71% (294/304) and 77.63% (236/304) of respondents that accepted the participation of township healthcare center and township government/village committees in dissemination of schistosomiasis control knowledge, and there were 95.72% (291/304) and 80.59% (245/304) of respondents that mainly acquired schistosomiasis control knowledge through village allocation of leaflets and volunteer schistosomiasis control activities, respectively. There was 96.71% (294/304) of respondents participating in the dissemination activities of schistosomiasis control knowledge held by village committees, township healthcare centers, and high and primary schools/kinder-gartens, and 61.25% (177/289) of respondents were willing to participate in volunteer schistosomiasis control activities. A total of 115 individuals participated in the survey of available resources for community-based schistosomiasis control health education, and there were a large number of organizational, human and cultural resources in the community that were useful for health communication services. Conclusions The abundant human and material resources from rural communities in schistosomiasis-endemic areas may be integrated into schistosomiasis control health education to generate a rural health education pathway with the joint participation of schistosomiasis control institutions, township governments, community departments and community residents, which may provide insights into the future development of schistosomiasis control health education.

Objective To access the efficacy and safety of Yuye decoction combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 8 databases including CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,EMbase Cochrane Library,and Web of Science were retrieved for randomized controlled trial(RCT)of Yuye decoction in the treatment of T2DM.A total of 10 RCTs were included in the final Meta-analysis.The primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c).Secondary outcomes include homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),clinical effective rate and adverse event rate.Results The Meta-analysis revealed that the improvements of HbAlc,HOMA-IR,TC and clinical effective rate in experimental group were better than those in control group(P＜0.05).There was no serious adverse effects being observed in both experimental group and control group.Conclusion The combination of Yuye decoction and metformin could improve blood glucose and lipid profile as well as reduce insulin resistance,and no serious adverse reactions were observed.

Objective:To investigate the effect of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation therapy on pulmonary and mo-tor function in children after pneumonia. Method:Children with improved acute symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia who were hospitalized in PKUFH-Ningxia Women and Children's Hospital from September 2020 to January 2021 were selected and di-vided into experimental group(n=30)and control group(n=30)according to the treatment intention of pa-tients and parents.Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation therapy was provided to the patients in the experi-mental group.The pulmonary function and motor function of the two groups were assessed prior to interven-tion and 3 months after intervention.The forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one sec-ond(FEV1)and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),Borg scores and 6min walking test(6MWT)results were recorded and statistically analyzed. Result:After intervention,FEV1/FVC in experimental group was significantly higher than control group(P＜0.05);the FVC,FEV1 and 6MWT of the experimental group were significantly higher than those before inter-vention(P＜0.05).There were significant differences in FVC,FEV1,Borg scores and 6MWT between the ex-perimental group and the control group before and after intervention(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation therapy is helpful to the recovery of pulmonary and mo-tor function in children after community-acquired pneumonia.

Objective:To retrieve and summarize the best evidence for nursing of hematopoietic stem cell reinfusion in children.Methods:Clinical decisions, guidelines, recommended practices, evidence summaries, systematic reviews, and expert consensuses on nursing of hematopoietic stem cell reinfusion in children were searched in Chinese and English databases as well as related websites such as British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center Database, UpToDate, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, and VIP. The search period was from database establishment to March 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation, identified the included literature, extracted evidence item by item, and translated, organized and summarized the evidence.Results:A total of nine articles were included, including two clinical decisions, two expert consensuses, four guidelines, and one evidence summary. 24 pieces of evidence were summarized from six aspects, consisting of child preparation, stem cell preparation, item preparation, nursing during reinfusion, nursing after reinfusion, and evaluation and education.Conclusions:The best evidence for nursing of hematopoietic stem cell reinfusion in children involves a wide range of aspects. Managers, clinical medical and nursing staff should apply evidence based on specific medical situations in order to safely and reasonably perform hematopoietic stem cell reinfusion.

Objective:The causal relationship between eczema and autoimmune diseases has not been previously reported.This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between eczema and autoimmune diseases. Methods:The two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)method was used to assess the causal effect of eczema on autoimmune diseases.Summary data from the Genome-Wide Association Study Catalog(GWAS)were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit(IEU)database.For eczema and autoimmune diseases,genetic instrument variants(GIVs)were identified according to the significant difference(P＜5×10-8).Causal effect estimates were generated using the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method.MR Egger,maximum likelihood,MR-PRESSO,and MR-RAPS methods were used for alternative analyses.Sensitivity tests,including heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and leave-one-out analyses,were performed.Finally,reverse causality was assessed. Results:Genetic susceptibility to eczema was associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease(OR=1.444,95％CI 1.199 to 1.738,P＜0.001)and ulcerative colitis(OR=1.002,95％CI 1.001 to 1.003,P=0.002).However,no causal relationship was found for the other 6 autoimmune diseases,including systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)(OR=0.932,P=0.401),bullous pemphigoid(BP)(OR=1.191,P=0.642),vitiligo(OR=1.000,P=0.327),multiple sclerosis(MS)(OR=1.000,P=0.965),ankylosing spondylitis(AS)(OR=1.001,P=0.121),rheumatoid arthritis(RA)(OR=1.000,P=0.460).Additionally,no reverse causal relationship was found between autoimmune diseases and eczema. Conclusion:Eczema is associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.No causal relationship is found between eczema and SLE,MS,AS,RA,BP,or vitiligo.

Acute idiopathic maculopathy(AIM)is an inflammatory lesion of unknown cause that primarily affects the macula. It follows a unique natural course, distinct from other maculopathy, often manifesting as a sudden loss of visual acuity followed by flu-like symptoms that gradually resolve as the disease subsides. A comprehensive understanding of the unique history, multimodal imaging, and a thorough systematic examination are crucial in determining the final diagnosis of AIM. The treatment and prognosis of AIM remain controversial. Meanwhile, it presents similar clinical manifestations and pathological changes to various chorioretinopathy, posing challenges for clinical differentiation. This article provides a review of its pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, multimodal imaging features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, in order to reduce misdiagnosis and mistreatment while enhancing comprehension of AIM.