Kidney stone is a common urological disorder with an increasing annual incidence，posing a heavy social burden. Previous studies have demonstrated that diverse cell death modalities，including ferroptosis and apoptosis，induce renal tubular epithelial cell injury and thereby promote kidney stone formation. Emerging evidence in recent years has further revealed that immune-inflammatory responses driven by interactions among renal microenvironment components also contribute to kidney stone pathogenesis. This review systematically summarizes current research advances on the mechanisms by which inflammatory cellular components（e.g.，macrophages，T cells），inflammatory mediators（e.g.，inflammasomes，cytokines），microbiota，and their synergistic interactions influence kidney stone development within the renal microenvironment.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of the infarct growth rate(IGR)in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.Methods This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients having acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and being admitted to the Department of Neurointerventional Intervention,Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian University of Technology between September 2021 and July 2023.Patients were dichotomized into rapid and slow growth groups based on the median value of IGR,with 145 cases in each group.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of preoperative IGR.Results Multivariable Logistic regression analysis,after univariate screening,showed that hypertension(OR=2.27,95%CI:1.39-3.71),atrial fibrillation(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.22-3.12),and intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.19-3.28)were risk factors of preoperative IGR(P<0.05).Hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and internal carotid artery occlusion all exhibited relatively low predictive value for IGR(P<0.05).The area under the curve for predicting IGR by combining these three factors was 0.642(95%CI:0.579-0.704),indicating a slight improvement in predictive performance,yet it remained relatively low.Conclusion Hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and proximal occlusion are risk factors of IGR in patients having acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of the infarct growth rate(IGR)in patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.Methods This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients having acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion and being admitted to the Department of Neurointerventional Intervention,Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian University of Technology between September 2021 and July 2023.Patients were dichotomized into rapid and slow growth groups based on the median value of IGR,with 145 cases in each group.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of preoperative IGR.Results Multivariable Logistic regression analysis,after univariate screening,showed that hypertension(OR=2.27,95%CI:1.39-3.71),atrial fibrillation(OR=1.95,95%CI:1.22-3.12),and intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.19-3.28)were risk factors of preoperative IGR(P<0.05).Hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and internal carotid artery occlusion all exhibited relatively low predictive value for IGR(P<0.05).The area under the curve for predicting IGR by combining these three factors was 0.642(95%CI:0.579-0.704),indicating a slight improvement in predictive performance,yet it remained relatively low.Conclusion Hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and proximal occlusion are risk factors of IGR in patients having acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion.

Kidney stone is a common urological disorder with an increasing annual incidence，posing a heavy social burden. Previous studies have demonstrated that diverse cell death modalities，including ferroptosis and apoptosis，induce renal tubular epithelial cell injury and thereby promote kidney stone formation. Emerging evidence in recent years has further revealed that immune-inflammatory responses driven by interactions among renal microenvironment components also contribute to kidney stone pathogenesis. This review systematically summarizes current research advances on the mechanisms by which inflammatory cellular components（e.g.，macrophages，T cells），inflammatory mediators（e.g.，inflammasomes，cytokines），microbiota，and their synergistic interactions influence kidney stone development within the renal microenvironment.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of cortical micro-infarcts (CMIs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to evaluate the diagnostic value of 3.0 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence and 3-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) sequence in CMIs in vivo.Methods One hundred and ten consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke within 7 d of onset were chosen from August 2014 to July 2015;these patients were classified into CMIs group and non-CMIs group by results of 3.0 conventional T MRI,DIR-MRI and 3D-FLAIR-MRI.Baseline characteristics and risk factors were analyzed to investigate the independent risk factors of CMIs.The presence of CMIs was evaluated based on conventional T MRI,DIR-MRI and 3D-FLAIR-MRI.Results Of the 110 enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke,CMIs were presented in 23.6％ patients (26/110).The age of patients from the CMIs group was significantly older as compared with that of patients from the non-CMIs group (67.65±10.37 vs.58.52± 11.24 years old,P=0.009).Patients from the CMIs group had significantly higher percentages of age＞65 years,age of 76-80 years,hypertension,history of cerebral ischemia and intracranial atherosclerosis than patients from non-CMIs group (P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age＞65 years (OR=1.982;95％CI:1.362-2.889,P=0.010) and hypertension (OR=1.326;95％CI:1.022-1.682,P=0.026) were the independent risk factors of CMIs.The prevalence of CMIs detected by conventional sequence (10.9％) was significantly lower than that detected by DIR sequence (23.6％) or 3D-FLAIR sequence (20.9％,P=0.013 and P=0.043).Conclusions Age＞65 years and hypertension are independent risk factors of CMIs.DIR and 3D-FLAIR sequences at 3.0 T MRI substantially improve the sensitivity of detection of CMIs as compared with conventional MRI sequence.