BACKGROUND:At present,traditional drug delivery routes(oral or intravenous injection)in clinical practice face the problem of difficulty in penetrating the blood-brain barrier,and the clinical treatment of open severe traumatic brain injury is often lower than expected.Hydrogels are a class of extremely hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure gels,which swell rapidly in water and can be maintained in the swelling state.Hydrogels swell rapidly in water and can remain in this swollen state.At present,some experimental studies have applied injectable functional hydrogel injection into the injured site to achieve the purpose of repairing damaged brain tissue,but this treatment strategy has not been applied in clinic.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the role of functional hydrogels in tissue repair after traumatic brain injury,discuss the promotion of nerve tissue regeneration after traumatic brain injury through different action modes,so as to propose new ideas for clinical treatment and basic research of traumatic brain injury.METHODS:English key words"hydrogels,functional hydrogel,composite hydrogels,traumatic brain injury,tissue repair,neural regeneration"and Chinese key words"functional hydrogels,traumatic brain injury,tissue repair,nerve regeneration"were used to search the relevant articles published from August 2000 to March 2024 in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang databases.The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated,and 60 relevant articles were finally included after being screened by reading the title,abstract,and full text of articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The hydrogel based on molecular design can simulate the neural microstructure,promote regeneration and repair,and simulate the neurovascular unit to promote vascular regeneration.(2)Hydrogels based on the principle of combined drug therapy can deliver endogenous neuroregulatory factors,coating drugs to promote nerve regeneration.(3)Hydrogels based on stem cell recovery strategies can be used as molecular scaffolds to deliver cell therapy.(4)Future researchers need to further explore functional hydrogels related to nerve tissue repair to provide effective strategies for therapeutic function reconstruction in traumatic brain injury patients.

BACKGROUND:At present,traditional drug delivery routes(oral or intravenous injection)in clinical practice face the problem of difficulty in penetrating the blood-brain barrier,and the clinical treatment of open severe traumatic brain injury is often lower than expected.Hydrogels are a class of extremely hydrophilic three-dimensional network structure gels,which swell rapidly in water and can be maintained in the swelling state.Hydrogels swell rapidly in water and can remain in this swollen state.At present,some experimental studies have applied injectable functional hydrogel injection into the injured site to achieve the purpose of repairing damaged brain tissue,but this treatment strategy has not been applied in clinic.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the role of functional hydrogels in tissue repair after traumatic brain injury,discuss the promotion of nerve tissue regeneration after traumatic brain injury through different action modes,so as to propose new ideas for clinical treatment and basic research of traumatic brain injury.METHODS:English key words"hydrogels,functional hydrogel,composite hydrogels,traumatic brain injury,tissue repair,neural regeneration"and Chinese key words"functional hydrogels,traumatic brain injury,tissue repair,nerve regeneration"were used to search the relevant articles published from August 2000 to March 2024 in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang databases.The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated,and 60 relevant articles were finally included after being screened by reading the title,abstract,and full text of articles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The hydrogel based on molecular design can simulate the neural microstructure,promote regeneration and repair,and simulate the neurovascular unit to promote vascular regeneration.(2)Hydrogels based on the principle of combined drug therapy can deliver endogenous neuroregulatory factors,coating drugs to promote nerve regeneration.(3)Hydrogels based on stem cell recovery strategies can be used as molecular scaffolds to deliver cell therapy.(4)Future researchers need to further explore functional hydrogels related to nerve tissue repair to provide effective strategies for therapeutic function reconstruction in traumatic brain injury patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the neurological outcome of children with dance-associated spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) and explore its related factors and predictive model. MethodsFrom July, 2012 to January, 2022, 75 children with dance-associated SCIWORA hospitalized in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital were divided into improved group (n = 14) and non-improved group (n = 61) according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade a year later, and the related factors were analyzed. ResultsAll patients were girls aged four to ten years. Most of them were complete spinal cord injuries (52/75, 69%). The time of injury to rehabilitation (OR = 0.926, P = 0.046, 95%CI 0.858 to 0.999), the existing tendon reflex (OR = 46.915，P = 0.012, 95%CI 2.333 to 943.616) and muscle tension (OR = 8.932，P = 0.044，95%CI 1.063~75.067) were correlated with the AIS grade improvement. The combination of time of injury to rehabilitation, tendon reflex and muscle tone existing may predict the improvement of AIS (AUC = 0.953, P < 0.001，95%CI 0.878 to 0.989), the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 83.61%, respectively. ConclusionThe neurological outcome of children with dance-associated SCIWORA is poor. Rehabilitation training as soon as possible is beneficial to the neurological recovery. Tendon reflexe and muscle tone existing at admission are closely related to improvement of neurological outcome, which could be used as potential indicators.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is an important precursor in conversing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) in the body. By elevating NAD + level in the body, NMN enhances the hydrogen transfer function of NAD + in biological processes, promotes the synthesis of proteins and polysaccharides, improves substance transportation and regulatory efficiency, and enhances metabolic functions. Specifically, in central nervous system disease, NMN exerts neuroprotective effect through antioxidation, anti-inflammation, mitochondrial protection, and prevention of neuronal and axonal degeneration. This review focuses on the therapeutic role of NMN in common central nervous system diseases and their neuroprotective mechanisms, so as to further understand the role of NMN in central nervous system diseases, and provide references for predicting therapeutic targets and screening therapeutic drugs for central nervous system diseases.

Objective To explore the application of micro-lecture in the health education of patients with osteoporosis combined with spinal tuberculosis.Methods By convenient sampling method, 102 patients with spinal tuberculosis and osteoporosis of a tertiary hospital of Beijing were selected from January 2014 to January 2016. They were divided into the control group (n=52) and the observation group (n=50). Patients in the control group received routine health education, while patients in the observation group were given micro-lecture. Health education knowledge and satisfaction to health education of patients in two groups were compared.Results Before discharge, the score of health education questionnaire in the observation group was higher than that of the control group, in which cognition was (3.97±0.82), operation (4.03±0.78), emotion (4.04±0.79); there were statistically significant differences between two groups (t=4.295,4.996,4.732;P<0.01). The score of satisfaction to health education in the observation group was (96.88±2.14), and in the control group was (90.96±5.79) (t'=6.899,P<0.01).Conclusions Micro-lecture in health education for patients with spinal tuberculosis combined with osteoporosis get good effect, and it plays a positive role in the treatment and extended care of hospitalized patients.