Objective:To analyze the medical service utilization preference of middle-aged and elderly residents (aged 45 and above) in Chongqing,and provide references for the local government to further promote the hierarchical diagnosis and improve the equity and efficiency of medical service utilization. Methods:Using a discrete choice experiment method,the preferences of 576 Chongqing residents,middle-aged and elderly,under conditions of mild and severe illness were measured for 6 attributes:medical service level,doctor's level,medical service mode,registration difficulty,drug supply and medical expenses. Results:Among patients with mild conditions,the attribute level most valued is"ability to register on the same day or the next day"(β=0.298,P<0.001) . They also prefer services from lower-level medical institutions and general practitioners (β=-0.200),as well as medical services with less cost (β=-0.003) . For patients with severe conditions,the attribute level they value the most is the medical service level (authoritative hospitals)(β=0.401,P<0.001),and they prefer services with ample drug supply (β=0.223),specialists (β=0.210),specialized departments (β=0.153),and higher costs (β=0.002) . The willingness to pay for patient shows an overall lower tendency for mild conditions and a higher one for severe conditions. Conclusion:Primary healthcare institutions have played a positive role in diverting patients,yet the tiered diagnosis and treatment system still requires ongoing improvement. Patients with mild conditions prefer convenient medical services,whereas those with severe conditions favor high-quality medical services. Under the burden of serious illness,medical expenses is a secondary factor influencing patients' choice of medical care. It is recommended to enhance the capacity and accessibility of high-quality medical resources,improving infrastructure and equipment at the primary level,expanding the availability of medications at these facilities,increasing the efficiency of specialist utilization,and strengthening the coordination among healthcare delivery,medical insurance,and pharmaceutical services—the"three-medicine linkage",address the difficulties and high costs of medical treatment experienced by the public,and achieve the goal of enabling residents to access affordable,high-quality health services locally.

To implement the strategy of healthy China and promote the construction of "new medicine science", it is urgent to focus on new needs and challenges to advance the reform of medical education curricula in China. Using literature research methods, we summarize the process of modern medical education curriculum reforms in the United States, and discuss the main features of the third-round reforms—introducing the concept of value-based medicine, offering health systems science courses, and promoting the curriculum system reform from the perspectives of learning time, curriculum integration, and learning methods. Based on these features, we put forward the enlightenment for the reform of medical education curricula in China.

Nephroptosis,a rare condition in urology,often results from inadequate support of the kidney's perinephric fat structures,leading to excessive renal mobility.It typically occurs in lean,tall,young females.Some cases manifest with abdominal pain and renal dysfunction.Open nephropexy,laparoscopic nephropexy and percutaneous nephropexy are all effective methods in the treatment of nephroptosis,among which percutaneous nephropexy is associated with less trauma and lower costs.Modifications to percutaneous nephropexy by the authors'team are also introduced mentioned in this article.

Objective:To analyze the medical service utilization preference of middle-aged and elderly residents (aged 45 and above) in Chongqing,and provide references for the local government to further promote the hierarchical diagnosis and improve the equity and efficiency of medical service utilization. Methods:Using a discrete choice experiment method,the preferences of 576 Chongqing residents,middle-aged and elderly,under conditions of mild and severe illness were measured for 6 attributes:medical service level,doctor's level,medical service mode,registration difficulty,drug supply and medical expenses. Results:Among patients with mild conditions,the attribute level most valued is"ability to register on the same day or the next day"(β=0.298,P<0.001) . They also prefer services from lower-level medical institutions and general practitioners (β=-0.200),as well as medical services with less cost (β=-0.003) . For patients with severe conditions,the attribute level they value the most is the medical service level (authoritative hospitals)(β=0.401,P<0.001),and they prefer services with ample drug supply (β=0.223),specialists (β=0.210),specialized departments (β=0.153),and higher costs (β=0.002) . The willingness to pay for patient shows an overall lower tendency for mild conditions and a higher one for severe conditions. Conclusion:Primary healthcare institutions have played a positive role in diverting patients,yet the tiered diagnosis and treatment system still requires ongoing improvement. Patients with mild conditions prefer convenient medical services,whereas those with severe conditions favor high-quality medical services. Under the burden of serious illness,medical expenses is a secondary factor influencing patients' choice of medical care. It is recommended to enhance the capacity and accessibility of high-quality medical resources,improving infrastructure and equipment at the primary level,expanding the availability of medications at these facilities,increasing the efficiency of specialist utilization,and strengthening the coordination among healthcare delivery,medical insurance,and pharmaceutical services—the"three-medicine linkage",address the difficulties and high costs of medical treatment experienced by the public,and achieve the goal of enabling residents to access affordable,high-quality health services locally.

Objective:To compare and analyze the differences of exercise cardiopulmonary function and the correlation of different cardiopulmonary function indexes among different aircraft types in pilots.Methods:Retrospective study was used. The exercise cardiopulmonary function of 68 Air Force pilots who were qualified for flight in aeromedical identification were tested with the Italian Cosmed exercise cardiopulmonary function tester at a power increasing rate of 25 W/min. The subjects were divided into fighter group and other aircraft group according to aircraft types. The differences of exercise cardiopulmonary function between 2 groups were compared. The correlation between maximal oxygen uptake and age, body mass index, and the correlation between heart rate recovery and exercise endurance were analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in maximal heart rate, respiratory quotient and heart rate recovery value at 1 min after exercise between fighter group (32 cases) and other aircraft group (36 cases) ( t=2.28, 2.50, 2.37, P=0.026, 0.049, 0.021). There was no significant difference in other indexes. The maximal oxygen uptake was negatively correlated with age and body mass index ( r=-0.329, -0.339, both P<0.001). The values of heart rate recovery at 2 min and 3 min after exercise were positively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake and maximal exercise power ( r=0.284, 0.290, 0.306, 0.268, P=0.001, 0.026, 0.002, 0.002). Conclusions:The indexes of exercise cardiopulmonary function have significant differences among pilots in different aircraft types, and there are significant changes with age and weight gain. The heart rate after exercise can monitor the changes of cardiopulmonary function under different training conditions.

Objective:To compare and analyze the differences of exercise cardiopulmonary function and the correlation of different cardiopulmonary function indexes among different aircraft types in pilots.Methods:Retrospective study was used. The exercise cardiopulmonary function of 68 Air Force pilots who were qualified for flight in aeromedical identification were tested with the Italian Cosmed exercise cardiopulmonary function tester at a power increasing rate of 25 W/min. The subjects were divided into fighter group and other aircraft group according to aircraft types. The differences of exercise cardiopulmonary function between 2 groups were compared. The correlation between maximal oxygen uptake and age, body mass index, and the correlation between heart rate recovery and exercise endurance were analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in maximal heart rate, respiratory quotient and heart rate recovery value at 1 min after exercise between fighter group (32 cases) and other aircraft group (36 cases) ( t=2.28, 2.50, 2.37, P=0.026, 0.049, 0.021). There was no significant difference in other indexes. The maximal oxygen uptake was negatively correlated with age and body mass index ( r=-0.329, -0.339, both P<0.001). The values of heart rate recovery at 2 min and 3 min after exercise were positively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake and maximal exercise power ( r=0.284, 0.290, 0.306, 0.268, P=0.001, 0.026, 0.002, 0.002). Conclusions:The indexes of exercise cardiopulmonary function have significant differences among pilots in different aircraft types, and there are significant changes with age and weight gain. The heart rate after exercise can monitor the changes of cardiopulmonary function under different training conditions.

Objective:To introduce the formulation and implementation of exercise prescription for military flying personnel.Literature resource and selection:The related literature on exercise prescription of military flying personnel published at home and abroad.Literature quotation:Fifty-eight references were cited, including 46 articles, 6 reviews, 5 dissertations and 1 conference paper.Literature synthesis:Exercise prescription plays an important role in improving the physical function, physical quality, psychological stress and flight ability of flying personnel. The formulation of exercise prescription for flying personnel needs to focus on such aspects as anti-acceleration endurance, muscle strength, exercise ability and cardiopulmonary exercise function. This paper analyzes the elements of exercise prescription for flying personnel, including the selection of exercise type, the control of exercise intensity, the arrangement of exercise time and the setting of exercise frequency.Conclusions:Under the mode of flying personnel′s robust promotion and support, the formulation of individualized moderate intensity exercise prescription according to different types of aircraft, models of aircraft, types of personnel, ages and physical and mental conditions can help flying personnel to improve the physical and mental health and military operation ability.

Objective:To introduce the formulation and implementation of exercise prescription for military flying personnel.Literature resource and selection:The related literature on exercise prescription of military flying personnel published at home and abroad.Literature quotation:Fifty-eight references were cited, including 46 articles, 6 reviews, 5 dissertations and 1 conference paper.Literature synthesis:Exercise prescription plays an important role in improving the physical function, physical quality, psychological stress and flight ability of flying personnel. The formulation of exercise prescription for flying personnel needs to focus on such aspects as anti-acceleration endurance, muscle strength, exercise ability and cardiopulmonary exercise function. This paper analyzes the elements of exercise prescription for flying personnel, including the selection of exercise type, the control of exercise intensity, the arrangement of exercise time and the setting of exercise frequency.Conclusions:Under the mode of flying personnel′s robust promotion and support, the formulation of individualized moderate intensity exercise prescription according to different types of aircraft, models of aircraft, types of personnel, ages and physical and mental conditions can help flying personnel to improve the physical and mental health and military operation ability.

With the increasing popularity of chest spiral CT screening, the detection rate of lung cancer in China is increasing. According to the characteristics of lung cancer in China and the progress of lung cancer researches at home and abroad, Chinese Medical Association guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are updated once a year. It is of great guiding significance to standardize and improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer for thoracic surgeons. The surgical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in the guidelines mainly include: (1) surgical treatment of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); (2) surgical treatment of resectable stage Ⅲ NSCLC; (3) surgical treatment of multiple primary lung cancer; and (4) surgical treatment of locally resectable small cell lung cancer. Based on the Chinese Medical Association guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer (2019 edition), this paper interprets the hot issues related to the surgical treatment of lung cancer.

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of autologous and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Methods: From June 2007 to June 2017, clinical data of PTCL patients who underwent PBSCT were assessed retrospectively. Results: Among 41 patients, 30 was male, 11 female, and median age was 38(13-57) years old. Seventeen patients with autologous PBSCT (auto-PBSCT) and 24 patients with allogeneic PBSCT (allo-PBSCT) were enrolled in this study. Eight patients (8/17, 47.1%) in auto-PBSCT group were ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), 7 patients (7/24, 29.2%) with NK/T cell lymphoma and 9 patients (9/24, 37.5%) with PTCL-unspecified (PTCL-U) in allo-PBSCT group (P=0.035). There were 58.8% patients (10/17) in complete response (CR) status and 11.8% (2/17) in progression disease (PD) status before transplantation in auto-PBSCT group, and 8.3% (2/24) in CR status and 45.8% (11/24) in PD status before transplantation in allo-PBSCT group (P=0.026). The 2-years cumulative overall survival (OS) were (64.0±10.8)% and (53.5±9.7)% for auto-PBSCT and allo-PBSCT respectively (P=0.543). The 2-years cumulative disease-free survival (DFS) were (57.1±12.4)% and (53.5±10.6)% for auto-PBSCT and allo-PBSCT respectively (P=0.701). In patients with dead outcomes after PBSCT, 83.3% (5/6) of death cause was relapse in auto-PBSCT and 41.7% (5/12) of death cause was relapse in allo-PBSCT. Conclusion Both auto-PBSCT and allo-PBSCT were effective for PTCL. Allo-PBSCT maybe was better than auto-PBSCT for high-risk PTCL with poor prognosis.