OBJECTIVE To identify tortoiseshell glue and antler glue in Qichong zuogui granules， and determine the contents of 12 chemical components. METHODS Identification and content determination were performed by using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method. The identification was performed on Hypersil GOLD column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution （gradient elution）； the electrospray ion source was used to scan in the positive ion multi-reaction detection mode. The mass charge ratio （m/z） 631.3→546.4， 631.3→921.4 was the detection ion pair for tortoiseshell glue， and the m/z 765.4→554.0， 765.4→733.0 was the detection ion pair for antler glue. The determination method for 12 chemical components was as follows： Accucore C18 column， methanol-0.1% formic acid as mobile phase （gradient elution）； scanning range of positive and negative ions was m/z 100→1 000 with the electric spray ion source and single ion detection scanning mode. RESULTS Average retention times of the molecular ion peaks for characteristic peptide segments of tortoiseshell glue and antler glue were 6.28 and 6.77 min， respectively； the linear relationship of 12 chemical components was good within their respective concentration ranges， such as astragaloside Ⅳ， calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside， calycosin， chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， betaine， amygdalin， rutin， hydroxysafflor yellow A， hyperoside， loganin， cyasterone （r＞0.999）； RSDs for precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all less than 5%. The average sample recovery rates ranged from 98.04% to 101.08%. The average contents of 12 components were 1.83， 25.73， 13.76，56.71， 23.80， 49.82， 807.49， 15.01， 317.02， 60.21， 202.71 and 17.70 μg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study， tortoiseshell glue and antler glue in Qixiong zuogui granules are identified， and the contents of 12 chemical components therein are determined. This provides a reference for the quality control of this granule.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of multiple doses of Shugan jieyu capsules on the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole， rivaroxaban and apixaban in rats. METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into voriconazole group （30 mg/kg）， rivaroxaban group （2 mg/kg）， apixaban group （0.5 mg/kg）， Shugan jieyu capsules+voriconazole group （145 mg/kg+30 mg/kg）， Shugan jieyu capsules+rivaroxaban group （145 mg/kg+2 mg/kg）， Shugan jieyu capsules+apixaban group （145 mg/kg+0.5 mg/kg）， with 6 rats in each group. After the rats in each group were consecutively administered solvent （0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution） or Shugan jieyu capsules by intragastric gavage for 8 days， they were respectively given voriconazole， rivaroxaban and apixaban solution by intragastric gavage on the 8th day. Blood samples were then collected at different time points （in voriconazole group， rivaroxaban group and corresponding drug combination groups， blood was collected before administration and at 0.17， 0.34， 0.5， 0.75， 1， 1.5， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6， 8， 10 and 12 hours post-administration； in apixaban group and corresponding drug combination group， blood was collected before administration and at 0.08， 0.17， 0.25， 0.34， 0.5， 0.75， 1， 3， 5， 7， 10 and 12 hours post-administration）. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was employed to determine the mass concentrations of voriconazole， rivaroxaban and apixaban in rat plasma. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs were calculated using a non-compartmental model， and the comparisons were made between groups. RESULTS Compared with single drug group， after multiple administrations of Shugan jieyu capsules， AUC0－t， AUC0－∞ and cmax of voriconazole were significantly decreased， while CLz/F was significantly increased， and tmax was also significantly prolonged （P＜0.05）. For rivaroxaban and apixaban， their tmax values were both significantly prolonged （P＜0.05）. However， there were no statistically significant differences in the other pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Shugan jieyu capsules can decrease the exposure， increase the clearance， and delay the peak concentration of oral voriconazole. However， it does not affect the exposure levels of rivaroxaban and apixaban， but it does delay the time to reach peak concentration for both drugs.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula(CR-POPF)after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),and to establish a predictive model for early identification of CR-POPF.Methods A total of 244 patients who underwent PD in General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2019 to October 2023 were collected,and based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria,179 patients were finally enrolled in this study.According to the presence or absence of CR-POPF,these patients were divided into non-CR-POPF group with 120 patients and CR-POPF group with 59 patients.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent risk factors for CR-POPF,and a nomogram model was established based on such factors.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the model,the calibration curve was used to evaluate the calibration degree of the model,and the clinical decision curve and the clinical impact curve were used to analyze and validate the clinical application value of the model.The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups;the independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between two groups.Results Among the 179 patients,59(33.0%)developed CR-POPF.The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase(odds ratio[OR]=2.221,P=0.004),main pancreatic duct diameter(OR=0.276,P=0.022),the distance between the peritoneum and the anterior pancreatic neck(OR=1.034,P=0.027),and extracellular volume fraction(OR=0.001,P=0.005)were independent risk factors for CR-POPF.Based on the above four independent risk factors,a nomogram was established to predict CR-POPF after PD,with an area under the ROC curve of 0.837,a sensitivity of 0.932,and a specificity of 0.725.The decision curve and the clinical impact curve also showed that the nomogram had good clinical practicability.Conclusion Preoperative clinical indicators combined with multi-phase CT have a good performance in predicting CR-POPF after PD,which can be used to early identify patients at high risk of pancreatic fistula before surgery and provide further guidance for clinical work.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the trends and hot spots in the field of neurological damage caused by electric welding operations, and to provide ideas for new researches by searching the domestic and international literature.Methods:In December 2022, using Web of Science Citation Index (Web of Science), China Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI) and Wanfang Database as search databases, literature search was conducted on the Chinese and English search terms related to eletrical welding operations and neurological damage. The bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.6 were used to visualize the publication year, publication quantity, country, research institution and key words of the literature.Results:A total of 309 articles (112 in Chinese and 197 in English) were included in this study. The first domestic and international papers were published in 1976 and 1994 respectively, and the number of papers reached the peak in 2006 and 2018, and then showed a downward trend to varying degrees. In China, Shandong First Medical University (including Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease Prevention and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) and Wuhan University of Science and Technology had the largest number of publications. The 309 articles were from 52 Chinese journals and 86 English journals. The co-occurrence analysis of key words showed that the domestic research mainly focused on eletrical welding operation, welding workers, neurobehavioral function and manganese, and the nervous system damage caused by manganese in welding smoke was the field of international attention. Long term exposure, risk, and performance were key buzzwords in the field.Conclusion:The research focus in the field of nervous system damage caused by electric welding operation has an obvious trend of time evolution, gradually transiting from clinical manifestations to its toxic mechanism and early biomarkers.

Background In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) is an approach utilizing in vitro experimental data to predict in vivo phenomena. It is a promising tool for chemical risk assessment. Objective To learn the hotspots, evolution path, and trend of IVIVE in risk assessment by literature search and bibliometric analysis, and provide reference and data support for subsequent research. Methods PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection were selected as foreign databases to search for literature about IVIVE applied in risk assessment published by December 31, 2023. The number of relevant documents in CNKI and Wanfang database was too small, so the Chinese databases were not included in this study. This study employed bibilometric analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace for visualizing networks categorized by author, institution, country, journal, keyword, and co-citation. Results A total of 189 articles were included in this study. The first article was published in 2006, and since then the number of publications overall showed an upward trend and increased significantly after 2016. The institution with the most publications was the United States Environmental Protection Agency (28 articles). The United States was the most productive country (87 articles), and had a close cooperation with the United Kingdom. The journal with the most publications and the highest number of citations per article was Archives of Toxicology (19 articles). The keyword co-occurrence analysis suggested that research on IVIVE in risk assessment mainly studied the methods and models of IVIVE and prediction of chemical toxicity, and toxicity, in vitro, and models were the research hotspots in this field. Keyword timeline cluster analysis suggested that the assessment objects gradually expanded from drugs to environmental chemicals, organic chemicals and food additives. The co-citation analysis suggested that articles about IVIVE in risk assessment mostly cited journals in the environment, food, and drug fields, and these articles were mainly methodological studies followed by literature reviews. Conclusion The research of IVIVE in risk assessment has developed rapidly. With the improvement of prediction models and the expansion of application scope, animal experiments in risk assessment may be greatly reduced and the efficiency of risk assessment can be increased. At present, the United States has a leading position in this field, while China has few relevant studies and needs to actively carry out international cooperation to improve the level of applied research of IVIVE. In the future, it is hoped that the IVIVE method can be further refined to improve its application and expand its research fields.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the trends and hot spots in the field of neurological damage caused by electric welding operations, and to provide ideas for new researches by searching the domestic and international literature.Methods:In December 2022, using Web of Science Citation Index (Web of Science), China Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI) and Wanfang Database as search databases, literature search was conducted on the Chinese and English search terms related to eletrical welding operations and neurological damage. The bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1.6 were used to visualize the publication year, publication quantity, country, research institution and key words of the literature.Results:A total of 309 articles (112 in Chinese and 197 in English) were included in this study. The first domestic and international papers were published in 1976 and 1994 respectively, and the number of papers reached the peak in 2006 and 2018, and then showed a downward trend to varying degrees. In China, Shandong First Medical University (including Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease Prevention and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) and Wuhan University of Science and Technology had the largest number of publications. The 309 articles were from 52 Chinese journals and 86 English journals. The co-occurrence analysis of key words showed that the domestic research mainly focused on eletrical welding operation, welding workers, neurobehavioral function and manganese, and the nervous system damage caused by manganese in welding smoke was the field of international attention. Long term exposure, risk, and performance were key buzzwords in the field.Conclusion:The research focus in the field of nervous system damage caused by electric welding operation has an obvious trend of time evolution, gradually transiting from clinical manifestations to its toxic mechanism and early biomarkers.

Objective This study aimed to observe the outcomes of iRoot BP Plus full pulpotomy in primary molars with partial irreversible pulpitis retrospectively.Methods Collect 102 cases of primary molars with partial irreversible pulpitis undergoing iRoot BP Plus full pulpotomy from January 2019 to August 2023,with a follow-up period of 24-47 months.Based on the presence of irreversible pulpitis symptoms before surgery,the included cases will be divided into asymptomatic group(n=53)and symptomatic group(n=49).Observe the clinical and imaging success rates of both groups.Results Clinical success rates were 96.2%and 97.9%in asymptomatic and symptomatic groups,and ra-diographic success rates were 96.2%and 93.9%respec-tively.Conclusion iRoot BP Plus full pulpotomy can be used for the treatment of primary molars with partial irreversible pulpitis under an enhanced pulpotomy protocol.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors related to the prognosis of delayed replantation of avulsed permanent teeth.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 35 patients with 38 affected teeth underwent delayed replantation of permanent teeth.According to the prognosis after 12 to 108 months of follow-up,the replantation results of the cases were divided into-success,survival and failure groups.Survival curves were plotted using Kaplan-Meier method,Log-Rank test was used for univariate analysis,and Cox proportional risk regression models were used for multivariate analysis to assess the effects of gender,age,degree of tooth development,mode of tooth preservation and mode of endodontic treatment on the survival rate of replanted teeth.Results:Of the 38 replanted teeth,3 were successful,28 remained and 10 failed.The 9-year cumulative survival rate of the replanted teeth was 34.7％.The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the survival rate of the replanted teeth in the groups with different sex,age,degree of tooth development and the mode of preservation of avulsed teeth(P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the cumulative survival rate of the replanted teeth among the groups with different endodontic treatment(P＜0.01),which showed that the cumulative survival rate in the root canal filling group＞continuous root canal sealing group＞pulp preserva-tion treatment group.Conclusion:For the delayed replantation of avulsed premanent teeth,survival prognosis of the teeth treated with pulp preservation is poor,early pulp extraction and root canal filling are recommended.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Suhuang Zhike Capsules in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and to analyze the multi-target and multi-pathway intervention mechanisms of Suhuang Zhike Capsules in treating COPD using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.Methods:Based on meta-analysis,the clinical total effective rate and adverse reactions of Suhuang Zhike Capsules in treating COPD were evaluated.The effective components and action targets of Suhuang Zhike Capsules were preliminarily predicted through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and GeneCards database,respectively,and the target information was standardized.COPD targets were selected through various databases.Suhuang Zhike Capsules targets and COPD targets were integrated to obtain the key targets for treating COPD.A protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed to identify core targets,and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for intersection targets.The key active components of Suhuang Zhike capsule and core targets of COPD were verified by molecular docking.Results:Results of meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional treatment,combined with Suhuang Zhike Capsules significantly improved the clinical total effective rate(OR=4.26,95%CI:3.20-5.68,P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions(P＞0.05).The network pharmacology results showed 90 active compounds,141 COPD-related targets,and 103 related pathways.Molecular docking results indicated that the core components of Suhuang Zhike Capsules,such as luteolin,quercetin,and kaempferol,were successfully docked with core targets of COPD,including epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),with all binding energies＜-5 kcal/mol,indicating good binding activity.Conclusions:Conventional treatment combined with Suhuang Zhike Capsules can improve clinical efficacy and has good safety in treating COPD.Suhuang Zhike Capsules may be involved in the treatment of COPD through multiple-target and multiple-pathway.This study provides bioinformatics support and safety evaluation for the clinical application of Suhuang Zhike Capsules in treating COPD and provides new insights for further research.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,immunophenotypes,molecular characteristics,treat-ment and prognosis of nodal follicular helper T cell lymphoma,angioimmunoblastic type(nTFHL-AI)with B cell clonal hyper-plasia.Methods The clinicopathological data of 10 nTFHL-AI patients with B cell clonal hyperplasia were collected from medi-cal records,with HE and immunohistochemical staining and gene rearrangement analysis.Related literature was also re-viewed.Results The included 10 patients were 5 males and 5 females with a median age of 73 years.The clinical manifesta-tions were mainly systemic lymphadenopathy,splenomegaly and B symptoms.8 patients were categorized as stage Ⅳ and 2 pa-tients were staged as Ⅰ+Ⅱ according to Ann Arbor staging cri-teria.Major laboratory results were increased β2 microglobulin,lactate dehydrogenase and decreased hemoglobin,erythrocytes and thrombocytes.Plasma Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)nucleic acid quantification was positive in 8 cases.Microscopically,the morphological patterns were nodular aggregation or scattered clear cells,branched high endothelial vessels and disorderly"wind-blown"like follicular dendritic cells(FDC).The num-ber of infiltrated eosinophils was 0-5/HPF in 7 cases,5-10/HPF in 2 cases,and＞50/HPF in 1 case.Plasma cell count was≤5％in 6 cases,10％in 1 case,20％in 1 case,and the rest 2 had relative higher count of 30％.The tumor cells of 7 ca-ses coexisted with marked hyperplasia of histiocytes,and in only one case Reed-Sternberg(RS)-like large cells were found 5 ca-ses showed abundant background B cells while the other 5 cases had limited background B cells.All tumor cells expressed T cell markers,6 were positive for CD10,BCL6,CXCL13 and PD-1 simultaneously and all of 10 were positive for BCL6,CXCL13 and PD-1.8 cases were positive for EBV-encoded small RNA(EBER)by in situ hybridization.Clonal TCR gene rearrange-ments and IG gene rearrangement were detected in all 10 pa-tients.After diagnosis,all patients were treated with chemother-apy,and three of them died due to disease progression.Conclu-sion B cell clonal hyperplasia,the status of EBV infection and the number of EBV-positive cells may be related with disease progression,individualized treatment and prognosis of patients with nTFHL-AI.