The shaoyang meridian is an important pivot between the internal organs and meridians system， with the functions of regulating qi and blood， balancing yin and yang， and coordinating the ascending and descending movement of qi. Dysfunction of the shaoyang pivot can lead to spleen and kidney deficiency， impaired liver and gallbladder qi regulation， and stagnation of qi and blood. It is believed that the onset and progression of Crohn's disease are closely related to shaoyang pivot dysfunction， with the core pathogenesis characterized by shaoyang disharmony， spleen deficiency， dampness retention， and blood stasis. Based on this understanding， the treatment principle centers on harmonizing the shaoyang pivot， supplemented by methods such as warming and nourishing the spleen and stomach， tonifying shaoyang， and soothing the liver and benefiting the gallbladder. Acupuncture is employed to target key acupoints along the shaoyang meridian to restore its regulatory functions， improve spleen and stomach transformation and transportation， facilitate liver and gallbladder qi flow， and promote the circulation of qi and blood. This provides a practical therapeutic approach for acupuncture-based treatment of Crohn's disease.

Background: The Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) was developed in 2004. During this time, industrial structures have evolved, and societal awareness of occupational stress has changed. This study aims to develop and validate a revised version of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS®19), tailored for workers, reflecting these changes. Methods: The KOSS®19 was developed based on the 26-item KOSS–short form (SF) through a review by eight experts. A survey was conducted including 359 service industry workers, comprising the KOSS®19, Burnout, and Depression scales. The KOSS®19 subscales were restructured, and their reliability and validity were evaluated. Results: The KOSS®19 composed of eight subscales: hazardous physical environment (2 items), high job demand (3 items), insufficient job control (2 items), low social support (2 items), job insecurity (2 items), organizational injustice (4 items), lack of reward (2 items), and work-life imbalance (2 items). The reliability and validity of the KOSS®19 were found to be satisfactory. Conclusions The KOSS®19 is a suitable tool for assessing occupational stress, effectively replacing the original KOSS and KOSS-SF.

Background: Emotional labor refers to the management of emotions and expressions to meet the emotional requirements of a job role. This study aimed to develop a revised version of the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (KELS®11), based on the first edition (KELS-24) introduced in 2014, and to provide practical applications and guidelines for its use in the Korean workplace through a validation process. Methods: The revised version of KELS®11 was derived from the 24-item KELS, following a review process involving eight experts. To validate the scale’s reliability and validity, a self-administered survey was conducted among 359 service industry workers using KELS®11, burnout, and depression scales. KELS®11 was reclassified, and its reliability and validity were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to establish sex-specific cutoff values (normal vs. high-risk groups). Results: KELS®11 was designed to account for individual, organizational, and cultural contexts. It consists of four subscales and 11 items: “emotional regulation” (2 items), “emotional dissonance” (3 items), “organizational monitoring” (2 items), and “organizational protective system for emotional labor” (4 items). KELS®11 demonstrated good validity (content validity ratio: 0.84; item convergence/discriminant validity success rates: 100%; correlation with burnout: r = 0.185–0.436, p < 0.01; correlation with depression: r = 0.128–0.339, p < 0.05) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.597–0.795). Additionally, sex-specific reference values were established to determine risk groups based on the intensity of emotional labor exposure. Conclusions KELS®11 is a validated and reliable measurement tool designed to assess the intensity and magnitude of emotional labor in the workplace. The revised tool reflects critical considerations in the development of emotional labor measurement scales.

Background: Workplace violence refers to any act or threat of physical violence, verbal abuse, harassment, intimidation, bullying, mobbing, or other aggressive and disruptive behaviors that occur at work. This study aims to develop and validate a revision of the Korean Workplace Violence Scale (KWVS®13), based on the first edition of the Korean Workplace Violence Scale (KWVS-24), and to provide practical applications and guidelines for the Korean workplace environment. Methods: The revised KWVS®13 was developed by restructuring the 24-item KWVS through a review process involving eight experts. To validate the reliability and validity of KWVS®13, a self-administered survey comprising KWVS®13, burnout, and depression scales was conducted among 359 service industry workers. KWVS®13 was reclassified, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to establish sex-specific cutoff values (normal vs. risk) of the scale. Results: KWVS®13 consists of 13 items across four subscales: “psychological and sexual violence from customers” (4 items), “psychological and sexual violence from supervisors or coworkers” (4 items), “physical assault from customers, supervisors, or coworkers” (2 items), and “organizational protective system for workplace violence” (3 items). We found that KWVS®13 shows relatively good validity (content validity ratio for content validity: 0.888; success rate of item convergent and discriminant validity: 100%, and significant correlation coefficient with burnout (r = 0.115–0.83, p < 0.05) and depression (r = 0.098–0.348, p < 0.05) with the exception of Organizational Violence Protection System for Workplace Violence) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.827–0.860). The reference values for determining risk groups according to the intensity of exposure to workplace violence are presented separately by sex. Conclusions KWVS®13 is a robust and useful measurement tool to objectively and quantitatively assess the intensity and magnitude of workplace violence. It incorporates important considerations for workplace violence assessment and provides a reliable framework for evaluating workplace violence in various professional settings.

OBJECTIVE To establish a clinical pharmaceutical pathway of anti-infective therapy for high-risk populations of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy （AAE）， and analyze its application effects. METHODS Clinical pharmacists developed the “AAE High-Risk Population Screening Form” and “Antibiotic AAE Risk Comparison Form” based on literature and expert opinions， and established the “Clinical Pharmaceutical Pathway of Anti-infective Treatment for AAE High-Risk Population” in our hospital. A prospective， non-randomized controlled study was conducted from May 2023 to April 2024， including 50 cases in the observation group and 50 cases in the control group among patients with pulmonary infections admitted to the Dept. of Internal Medicine in our hospital. The observation group was involved in the development of an anti-infective treatment following the clinical pharmaceutical pathway by clinical pharmacists， while the control group received routine anti-infective treatment by clinical physicians. The occurrence of AAE， the rational antibiotic drug use， and the effectiveness of initial anti-infective treatment in the two groups were observed， and the intervention measures and outcomes of AAE cases were summarized. RESULTS The anti-infective treatment clinical pharmaceutical pathway for AAE high-risk population was preliminarily established in our hospital. The analysis of the application effects showed that there was 1 case of AAE in the observation group and 8 cases in the control group， with a significantly lower incidence of AAE in the observation group than in the control group； the rational antibiotic drug use and the effectiveness of initial anti-infective treatment in the observation group were both significantly superior to those in the control group （P＜0.05）. Drug withdrawal and dressing change were the preferred effective intervention measures for AAE， and encephalopathy treatment drugs could be used as auxiliary measures for symptom relief. Timely and effective intervention was conducive to rapid symptom relief， with a total improvement rate of AAE of 88.89%. CONCLUSIONS The anti-infective treatment clinical pharmaceutical pathway for AAE high-risk population can effectively prevent the occurrence of AAE as well as contribute to promoting rational drug use and the effectiveness of initial anti-infection plans and strengthening treatment outcomes.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,immunophenotypes,molecular characteristics,treat-ment and prognosis of nodal follicular helper T cell lymphoma,angioimmunoblastic type(nTFHL-AI)with B cell clonal hyper-plasia.Methods The clinicopathological data of 10 nTFHL-AI patients with B cell clonal hyperplasia were collected from medi-cal records,with HE and immunohistochemical staining and gene rearrangement analysis.Related literature was also re-viewed.Results The included 10 patients were 5 males and 5 females with a median age of 73 years.The clinical manifesta-tions were mainly systemic lymphadenopathy,splenomegaly and B symptoms.8 patients were categorized as stage Ⅳ and 2 pa-tients were staged as Ⅰ+Ⅱ according to Ann Arbor staging cri-teria.Major laboratory results were increased β2 microglobulin,lactate dehydrogenase and decreased hemoglobin,erythrocytes and thrombocytes.Plasma Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)nucleic acid quantification was positive in 8 cases.Microscopically,the morphological patterns were nodular aggregation or scattered clear cells,branched high endothelial vessels and disorderly"wind-blown"like follicular dendritic cells(FDC).The num-ber of infiltrated eosinophils was 0-5/HPF in 7 cases,5-10/HPF in 2 cases,and＞50/HPF in 1 case.Plasma cell count was≤5％in 6 cases,10％in 1 case,20％in 1 case,and the rest 2 had relative higher count of 30％.The tumor cells of 7 ca-ses coexisted with marked hyperplasia of histiocytes,and in only one case Reed-Sternberg(RS)-like large cells were found 5 ca-ses showed abundant background B cells while the other 5 cases had limited background B cells.All tumor cells expressed T cell markers,6 were positive for CD10,BCL6,CXCL13 and PD-1 simultaneously and all of 10 were positive for BCL6,CXCL13 and PD-1.8 cases were positive for EBV-encoded small RNA(EBER)by in situ hybridization.Clonal TCR gene rearrange-ments and IG gene rearrangement were detected in all 10 pa-tients.After diagnosis,all patients were treated with chemother-apy,and three of them died due to disease progression.Conclu-sion B cell clonal hyperplasia,the status of EBV infection and the number of EBV-positive cells may be related with disease progression,individualized treatment and prognosis of patients with nTFHL-AI.

Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.