OBJECTIVE To identify tortoiseshell glue and antler glue in Qichong zuogui granules， and determine the contents of 12 chemical components. METHODS Identification and content determination were performed by using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） method. The identification was performed on Hypersil GOLD column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution （gradient elution）； the electrospray ion source was used to scan in the positive ion multi-reaction detection mode. The mass charge ratio （m/z） 631.3→546.4， 631.3→921.4 was the detection ion pair for tortoiseshell glue， and the m/z 765.4→554.0， 765.4→733.0 was the detection ion pair for antler glue. The determination method for 12 chemical components was as follows： Accucore C18 column， methanol-0.1% formic acid as mobile phase （gradient elution）； scanning range of positive and negative ions was m/z 100→1 000 with the electric spray ion source and single ion detection scanning mode. RESULTS Average retention times of the molecular ion peaks for characteristic peptide segments of tortoiseshell glue and antler glue were 6.28 and 6.77 min， respectively； the linear relationship of 12 chemical components was good within their respective concentration ranges， such as astragaloside Ⅳ， calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside， calycosin， chlorogenic acid， ferulic acid， betaine， amygdalin， rutin， hydroxysafflor yellow A， hyperoside， loganin， cyasterone （r＞0.999）； RSDs for precision， stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all less than 5%. The average sample recovery rates ranged from 98.04% to 101.08%. The average contents of 12 components were 1.83， 25.73， 13.76，56.71， 23.80， 49.82， 807.49， 15.01， 317.02， 60.21， 202.71 and 17.70 μg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study， tortoiseshell glue and antler glue in Qixiong zuogui granules are identified， and the contents of 12 chemical components therein are determined. This provides a reference for the quality control of this granule.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of thyme herbal tea （BLX） on the proliferation of human coronavirus OC43 （HCoV-OC43） in vitro and in vivo. MethodThe chemical composition of BLX was analyzed by UPLC-MS. The cytotoxicity of BLX in HRT-18 cells and the effect of BLX treatment on the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 in cells were analyzed. Copies of viral gene were detected by real-time PCR. The effect of BLX treatment on the life cycle of HCoV-OC43 was detected by time-of-addition assay. The maximum tolerated dose of BLX and the influences of BLX on the body weight and survival time of suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43 were determined. The expression of viral protein in the brain and lung tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. ResultThere were 11 chemical components identified in BLX by UPLC-MS. BLX showed the 50% cytotoxic concentration （CC₅₀） of （13 859.56±319） mg·L^-1， the median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of （1 439.09±200） mg·L^-1， and the selection index of 8.26-11.44 for HCoV-OC43 in HRT-18 cells. Compared with the cells infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at the concentrations of 1 500， 1 000， 500 mg·L^-1 inhibited the proliferation of this virus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. BLX exhibited antiviral effect in the early stage of virus infection， and the inhibition role in the attachment stage was more significant than that in the entry stage （P<0.05）. In the suckling mice infected with HCoV-OC43， BLX at 1200 and 600 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 alleviated the symptoms， prolonged the survival period， reduced the death rate， and down-regulated the mRNA level of nucleocapsid protein in the mice. Moreover， BLX at 1 200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 down-regulated the expression of nucleocapsid protein in the brain （P<0.01） and the lung （P<0.01）. ConclusionBLX contained multiple antiviral ingredients. It inhibited the proliferation of HCoV-OC43 both in vitro and in vivo by interference with viral attachment. This study provides theoretical reference for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection with HCoV-OC43 and for further development and application of BLX.

Objective To investigate the effect of remimazolam combined with esmketamine adjuvant medicines on anaesthetic effect and mental symptom in puerperae undergoing cesarean section.Methods Ninety-six full-term puerperae during cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthe-sia,aged 24-38 years,BMI 24-35 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ.All the puerperae were divided into three groups using random number table:remimazolam combined with esketamine group(group RK),esketamine group(group K),and control group(group C),32 puerperae in each group.After the delivery of the fetus,puerperae in group RK were given intravenous injection of remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg,and then intravenous pumping of estaketamine 0.25 mg/kg which was diluted to 20 ml with normal saline(finished in 30 minutes),puerperae in group K were given intravenous pumping of estaketamine 0.25 mg/kg which was diluted to 20 ml with normal saline(finished in 30 minutes),puerperae in group C were given the same dose of normal saline.All puerperae were given PCIA after operation.The anesthetic effect from the fetus de-livery to the end of operation were recorded(grade Ⅰ,no pain;grade Ⅱ,slight pain;grade Ⅲ,with sig-nificant pain).The adverse reactions such as hypertension,tachycardia,and mental symptoms(nystagmus,dizziness,nightmares and hallucinations)during surgery were recorded.The score of Edinburgh postpartum depression scale(EPDS)and incidence of postpartum depression(PPD)at 1 week and 4 weeks after sur-gery were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the proportion of grade Ⅰ anesthetic effect in groups,RK and K was significantly increased,and the proportion of grade Ⅲ anesthetic effect was signifi-cantly decreased(P＜0.05),the EPDS score and the incidence of PPD were significantly decreased at 1 week and 4 weeks after surgery(P＜0.05).Compared with group K,the incidence of mental symptoms during surgery in group RK was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),EPDS score was significantly decreased at 1 week and 4 weeks after surgery(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the in-cidences of hypertension,tachycardia between the three groups.Conclusion Remimazolam combined with esketamine for cesarean section can improve the anesthetic effect during surgery,reduce the incidence of in-traoperative mental sympton,decrease the postpartum EPDS score,optimize postpartum depression.

Objective To investigate the effect of esketamine combined with ropivacaine in patients with cesarean section undergoing patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). Methods A total of 76 full-term pregnant women who delivered cesarean section under combined lumbo-epidural anesthesia were selected, and randomly divided into group K (esketamine) and group C (control), with 38 cases in each group. Group K was given analgesic pump formula (esketamine 50 mg+ ropivacaine 200 mg), group C was given analgesic pump formula (ropivacaine 200 mg). Numerical pain scores (NRS) at rest and activity (hip flexion) were observed in two groups at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery. The 40-item Recovery Quality Scale (QoR-40) scores was compared between the two groups. The occurrence of postoperative adverse reactions was compared between the two groups. Results The NRS scores of the group K were significantly lower than that of the group C at rest 24, 36 and 48 hours after operation (P < 0.05); the NRS scores of the group K were significantly lower than that of the group C at 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after operation (P < 0.05). The QoR-40 scores of the group K were significantly higher than that of the group C at 1 day and 2 days after operation (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative chills, nausea and vomiting in the group K was significantly lower than that in the group C (P < 0.05). Conclusion Esketamine combined with ropivacaine for PCEA after cesarean section can optimize analgesic effect, reduce adverse reactions and improve recovery quality.

ObjectiveTo review the drug information and research progress on oral Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia to identify existing problems and provide references for follow-up research. MethodChinese patent medicines against cardiac arrhythmia were retrieved from the three major drug catalogues，Yaozh.com，and relevant guidelines with arrhythmia as the retrieval term. The instructions for included Chinese patent medicines were retrieved through Yaozh.com and specific information was extracted. The research articles on Chinese patent medicines included were retrieved from the five databases，and the information meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria was extracted and displayed in the form of text description and graphs after statistical analysis. ResultSixty-five oral Chinese patent medicines were included in this study，with the main functions of activating the blood and resolving stasis. The average daily cost of medicines was 8.17 yuan，and there were 42 medicines with an average daily cost of less than 10 yuan，showing a moderate medicine cost. A total of 351 research articles on Chinese patent medicines were screened out，including 259 randomized controlled trials （RCTs），16 non-RCTs，eight non-controlled trials，62 systematic reviews，two guidelines，and two expert consensuses. Eighteen types of Chinese patent medicines were involved，whose clinical trials had been conducted in 28 provinces，cities，autonomous regions，and municipalities in China. Wenxin granules and Shensong Yangxin capsules were the top medicines under investigation，accounting for 75.21% of all research articles. Among the included studies，the most common comparison design was Chinese patent medicine combined with western medicine vs western medicine （64.25%）. The outcome evaluation was mainly based on clinical efficacy，symptom efficacy，arrhythmia efficacy，adverse reactions，and heart rate changes. ConclusionThe number of clinical studies of oral Chinese patent medicines against cardiac arrhythmia varies greatly，but traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome differentiation thinking is less considered in practical application. Due to unstandardized clinical research and low-quality literature，further advancement is required in the future.

Objective:To estimate the mental health status and personality traits of the nuclear radiation emergency rescuers, allowing to provide reference basis for improving their mental health.Methods:Totally 52 nuclear radiation emergency rescuers were selected as the subjects. The symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Cattell′s 16 personality factor scale (16PF) were used to assess their mental health status and personality traits. The results obtained from the survey of these rescuers were compared with those obtained using Students′ t-test, One-Way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The average scores of multiple factors and positive items of the SCL-90 were significantly lower in the rescuers than in the norm ( t=-4.77 to -2.04, P<0.05), and the positive rate was 21.15%. The symptom checklist 90 subscales such as somatization, obsessive-compulsive and depression were found in the rescuers. Rescuers received high scores in the following components among the 16 factors of Cattell: less intelligent-more intelligent, emotionally stable. Rescuers also received low scores in the following components among the 16 factors of Cattell: tough-minded-tender-minded, trusting-suspicious. Life satisfaction, educational degree and Cattell′s 16 PF were significantly associated with the factors of SCL-90( r=-0.569 to 0.627, P<0.05). Conclusions:The rescuers are better than ordinary Chinese people in psychological health. Mental health-related factors such as literacy, life satisfaction, and personality traits should be taken into account when selecting team members and conducting psychological interventions.

Medical rescue bases for nuclear or radiological emergencies are mostly composed of institutions that have obtained the qualification of radiological health technical service (Class A) or the qualification of radiation-induced disease diagnosis. Institutions of radiological health have accumulated the technical capabilities of radiation monitoring, contamination detection, dose estimation, and health effects evaluation in their daily work, which can play an important role in the response to nuclear or radiological emergencies and realize the “combination of non-emergency and emergency use” in capacity building. It is suggested that institutions of radiological health at all levels should continue to take advantage of their strengths, improve their capabilities through participating in radiation monitoring projects, and actively participate in the assessment of assay capabilities of institutions of radiological health, so as to provide personnel and technical reserves for the health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies.

Objective:To estimate the physical dose of an over exposed person working for industrial radiography.Methods:The main exposure parameters were obtained. The exposure duration was 8 min. The exposure pattern was external exposure by isotropic point radioactive source. The radioactive activity was 2.183 TBq. In the present calculation, the Chinese reference adult voxel phantom was used, and the Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the program based on the secondary development of Geant4 to obtain the absorbed dose of each part of the victim.Results:The dose distribution in the victim′s hands was obtained. The doses to most areas of the palm were 2-10 Gy, and the doses to the fingers were 10-20 Gy. The equivalent doses to 23 tissues or organs of the exposed person were estimated to be in the range of 0.012-0.207 Gy.Conclusions:The physical dose estimation method could evaluate rapidly the local dose distribution of the victim′s key exposed body parts, and thus provide an important reference for medical treatment.

During a radiological or nuclear emergency, iodine thyroid blocking is an urgent protection action to prevent or reduce the absorption of radioactive iodine by thyroid. Although potassium iodide (KI) administration is recommended by WHO guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents and is also widely implemented in most national guidelines, the scientific evidence for the guidelines lacks as the guidelines are mostly based on expert opinions and recommendations. This paper introduces the development and revision of WHO guidelines for iodine thyroid blocking published in 1989 and 1999, as well as the revision methods and main recommendations of the guidelines published in 2017, which supports the use of iodine thyroid blocking during a radiological or nuclear emergency.

Objective To investigate the biocompatibility and biodegradability of mini-implants of PLA-based composites in experimental animals by histomorphometry, and to study its clinical application in orthodontic treatment. Methods Six adult male Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups, a total of 72 mini-implants were implanted to the mandibular. Two Beagle dogs were sacrificed at 2 months、4 months and 6 months after surgery. Animals were intramuscularly injected with tetracycline on 14 and 4 days before sacrifice. Mandibular specimens and the surfaces of mini-implants were examined with Cone beam CT, CBCT and Scanning Electronic Microscopy and SEM respectively. Histopathologocal changes were observed with toluidine blue staining and HE staining. Results The results of CBCT assay showed that the mini-implants were gradually radiopacity with the extension of time. SEM assay showed that the morphology of mini-implants surface was significantly changed;micro-implants degradation occured gradually.New bone formation was observed around the micro-implants within 10 days.Toluidine blue staining showed the formation of new bone around the mini-implants. However, the inflamma-tion around the implants was not observed. Conclusion The biocompatibility of biodegradable mini-implant is good. This mini-implant is biodegradable in vivo and can promote the formation of the surrounding bone tissue.