Objective: To examine the prevalence of e-cigarette use and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and to explore the pathways linking harm perception of e-cigarettes, interpersonal social influence, and attitudes toward e-cigarette use with experimentation behavior, in order to provide scientific basis for further optimizing the prevention and control strategies of e-cigarette among adolescents. Methods: From September to October 2025, a multi stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 144 primary and secondary school students aged 8-19 years from 47 primary and secondary schools in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey. The questionnaire collected information on e-cigarette use, harm perception of e-cigarette, interpersonal social influence, and attitudes toward e-cigarette use. The Chi-square test was applied to analyze the differences in cigarette and e-cigarette use behavior among primary and secondary school students with different demographic characteristics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was constructed using Mplus 8.3 software, and the bootstrap method was utilized to test the mediating effects. Results: The reported rates of cigarette experimentation, e-cigarette experimentation, and current e-cigarette use among primary and secondary school students were 1.85%, 2.10%, and 0.70%, respectively. Higher reporting rates of e-cigarette experimentation were observed among boys (2.82%), secondary school students aged 16-19 (3.39%), senior high school students (3.05%), and those with weekly pocket money >100 yuan ( 6.11% ) ( χ 2=11.67, 8.61, 8.00, 54.18, all P <0.05). Structural pathway analysis results demonstrated that e-cigarette harm perception positively predicted interpersonal social influence ( β =0.61) and e-cigarette use attitude ( β = 0.53 ), and interpersonal social influence ( β =0.65) and e-cigarette use attitude ( β =0.25) further promoted e-cigarette experimentation behavior among primary and secondary school students (all P <0.01), with interpersonal social influence playing a major mediating role (indirect effect=0.40). Conclusions E-cigarette experimentation behavior among primary and secondary school students in Pudong New Area is jointly influenced by multiple psychosocial factors. Intervention strategies should strengthen interpersonal social factors such as family and peers on the basis of health education, thereby constructing a comprehensive prevention and control strategy for e-cigarette use among primary and secondary school students.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of Macrothele raveni crude venom against proliferation of different cancer cells and identify the active components in the venom. METHODS: Different cancer cell lines were treated with different concentrations of Macrothele raveni venom for 48 h, and cell proliferation and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of the venom were assessed with CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis rate of breast cancer MCF7 cells following the treatment was analyzed with flow cytometry, and the changes in cellular caspase-8 and caspase-9 expressions were detected. The crude venom was separated into protein, peptide, and small-molecule compound fractions using gel filtration chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The protein and peptide components were identified using proteomics analysis, and small-molecule compounds were structurally characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and HPLC. RESULTS The crude venom exhibited strong concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on proliferation of MCF7 cells and nasopharyngeal carcinoma SUNE1 and HONE1 cells (IC₅₀ of 2.14±0.29, 1.57±0.14, and 2.85±0.15 µg/mL, respectively), with less potent inhibitory effects in gastric cancer HGC27 cells and colorectal cancer SW620 cells (IC₅₀ of 3.02±0.27 and 3.02±0.28 µg/mL, respectively). The crude venom significantly promoted MCF7 cell apoptosis likely via the caspase 8 signaling pathway. The protein fraction from the crude venom showed a weak inhibitory effect in MCF7 cells, whereas the peptide fraction exhibited a much stronger inhibitory effect (IC₅₀ of 6.41±0.31 µg/mL). The peptides in the peptide fraction, with relative molecular mass around 10 000, were homologous to those found in Macrothele gigas venom. The small-molecule fraction consisted mainly of nucleotide metabolites without obvious inhibitory effects in MCF7 cells, but its combination with the peptide fraction showed significantly enhanced inhibitory activity. Conclusion The inhibitory effects of Macrothele raveni venom, which vary significantly across different cancer cell lines, are attributed primarily to its peptide components, which may act synergistically with the nucleotide metabolites.
Humans ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; MCF-7 Cells ; Caspase 8/metabolism* ; Peptides/pharmacology* ; Caspase 9/metabolism*

Natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for the development of a new generation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine, food, and agriculture. However, efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges, including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance. This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs, both through membrane and non-membrane routes. We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods, including whole-bacterial adsorption binding, cell membrane chromatography (CMC), phospholipid membrane chromatography binding, membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis (CE), colorimetric assays, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fluorescence-based screening, genetic sequencing-based analysis, computational mining of AMP databases, and virtual screening methods. Additionally, we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery. This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

Amoenucles A-F (1-6), six previously undescribed nucleoside derivatives, and two known analogs (7 and 8) were isolated from the culture of Aspergillus amoenus TJ507. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and chemical reactions. Notably, 3 and 4 represent the first reported instances of nucleosides with an attached pyrrole moiety. Of particular significance, the absolute configuration of the sugar moiety of 1-4 was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electric circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and a hydrolysis reaction, presenting a potentially valuable method for confirming nucleoside structures. Furthermore, 1, 2, and 5-8 exhibited potential tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitory activities, which may provide a novel chemical template for the development of agents targeting autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Aspergillus/chemistry* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Molecular Structure ; Nucleosides/isolation & purification* ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

BACKGROUND: The available evidence regarding the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on patients receiving dialysis with coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PCI and clinical outcomes as compared with medical therapy alone in patients undergoing dialysis with CAD in China. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted in 30 tertiary medical centers across 12 provinces in China from January 2015 to June 2021 to include patients on dialysis with CAD. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death, the individual components of MACE, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria types 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between PCI and outcomes. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to account for potential between-group differences. RESULTS: Of the 1146 patients on dialysis with significant CAD, 821 (71.6%) underwent PCI. After a median follow-up of 23.0 months, PCI was associated with a 43.0% significantly lower risk for MACE (33.9% [ n  = 278] vs . 43.7% [ n  = 142]; adjusted hazards ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.71), along with a slightly increased risk for bleeding outcomes that did not reach statistical significance (11.1% vs . 8.3%; adjusted hazards ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval, 0.82-2.11). Furthermore, PCI was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. Subgroup analysis did not modify the association of PCI with patient outcomes. These primary findings were consistent across IPTW, PSM, and competing risk analyses. CONCLUSION This study indicated that PCI in patients on dialysis with CAD was significantly associated with lower MACE and mortality when comparing with those with medical therapy alone, albeit with a slightly increased risk for bleeding events that did not reach statistical significance.
Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; China ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Treatment Outcome

Natural antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)are promising candidates for the development of a new gener-ation of antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens.They have found extensive applications in the fields of medicine,food,and agriculture.However,efficiently screening AMPs from natural sources poses several challenges,including low efficiency and high antibiotic resistance.This review focuses on the action mechanisms of AMPs,both through membrane and non-membrane routes.We thoroughly examine various highly efficient AMP screening methods,including whole-bacterial adsorption binding,cell membrane chromatography(CMC),phospholipid membrane chromatography binding,membrane-mediated capillary electrophoresis(CE),colorimetric assays,thin layer chromatography(TLC),fluorescence-based screening,genetic sequencing-based analysis,computational mining of AMP data-bases,and virtual screening methods.Additionally,we discuss potential developmental applications for enhancing the efficiency of AMP discovery.This review provides a comprehensive framework for identifying AMPs within complex natural product systems.

Objective:To explore the relationship between early fecal calprotectin (FC) level and the long-term efficacy of infliximab (IFX) in the treatment of Crohn′s disease (CD) and predictive the value.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2023, at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, the clinical data of patients with moderate-to-severe CD who received IFX as first-line therapy were retrospectively collected. The main outcomes were clinical and endoscopic remission at week 52 after IFX treatment, and the secondary outcome was clinical response at week 14 after IFX treatment. The predictive value of FC levels at week 0 (at baseline when first administered) and week 14 of treatment was evaluated for the clinical and endoscopic remission at week 52 after IFX treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the factors predicting endoscopic remission. The optimal cutoff value was calculated, model was established, the data was divided into training set and validation set at a ratio of 7∶3 using the random number table method and the corresponding column chart was drawn. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the model, respectively. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison. Results:A total of 165 patients with CD were enrolled, of whom 150 cases (90.9%) achieved clinical response after induction therapy, and 15 cases (9.1%) were primary non-response. Among the 150 patients with clinical response, 112 cases (74.7%) achieved clinical remission at week 52 after treatment, while 38 cases (25.3%) did not achieve clinical remission. Endoscopic evaluation was performed at week 52 after treatment in 139 patients, of whom 54 cases (38.8%) achieved endoscopic remission and 85 cases (61.2%) did not. At week 14 of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in FC level between the patients achieved and did not achieve clinical response (263.24 (93.96, 675.28) μg/g vs. 556.35 (245.77, 953.56) μg/g, P>0.05). At week 52 after treatment, the FC level of patients who achieved clinical remission was lower than that of patients did not achieve(103.20(44.11, 456.57) μg/g vs. 531.26(222.06, 998.40) μg/g) and the decreased value of FC at week 52 and week 0 after treatment of patients achieved clinical remission was more than that of patients did not achieve clinical remission (443.34 (82.25, 788.95) μg/g vs. 269.91 (-79.20, 522.54) μg/g), and the differences were statistically significant ( U=1 078.00, 2 677.00; P<0.001, =0.018). At week 52 after treatment, the FC level of patients achieved endoscopic remission was lower than that of patients did not achieve endoscopic remission (52.80(31.93, 83.47) μg/g vs. 506.18(217.44, 778.02) μg/g), and the decreased value of FC at week 52 and week 0 after treatment of patients achieved endoscopic remission was more than that of patients did not achieve endoscopic remission (428.85(140.20, 863.60) μg/g vs. 309.61(-62.37, 683.82) μg/g), and the differences were statistically significant ( U=500.00, 2 812.00; P<0.001, =0.025). The FC level at week 14 of treatment could predict the clinical and endoscopic remission at week 52 after treatment (area under the curve (AUC) =0.663, 0.773; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.566 to 0.760, 0.694 to 0.852; P=0.006, <0.001). The optimal cutoff value of FC at week 14 of treatment for predicting endoscopic remission at week 52 after treatment was 246.13 μg/g, with a sensitivity of 0.741 and a specificity of 0.671. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that FC ≤ 246.13 μg/g at week 14 of treatment ( OR=4.576, 95% CI: 2.021 to 10.363, P<0.001), baseline albumin ( OR=1.093, 95% CI: 1.006 to 1.188, P=0.035), and baseline platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) ( OR=0.995, 95% CI: 0.990 to 1.000, P=0.046) were independent influencing factors of endoscopic remission at week 52 after treatment. A predictive model for endoscopic remission at week 52 after IFX treatment was established based on FC ≤ 246.13 μg/g at week 14 of treatment, baseline albumin and PLR. The results of ROC analysis showed that this model had good discriminative ability, with an AUC of 0.780 (95% CI: 0.700 to 0.878) in the validation set, with a sensitivity of 0.812 and a specificity of 0.760. The results of calibration curve analysis demonstrated that the average absolute error of the prediction model in the validation set was 0.038, and the consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability was good. Conclusion:FC ≤ 246.13 g/g at week 14 of IFX treatment has good predictive value for endoscopic remission at week 52 after treatment in CD patients.

Objective:To explore the relationship between spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 3(SKA3), dual-specificity phosphatase 26(DUSP26), and prognosis in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on case samples from elderly patients with NSCLC at Xinxiang Central Hospital between January 2020 and May 2023.During surgery, specimens of cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected.The expressions of SKA3 and DUSP26 in these tissues were assessed using immunohistochemistry, and their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.The relationship between SKA3 and DUSP26 in cancer tissues was examined using the Spearman correlation coefficient.After one year of follow-up, the association between SKA3 and DUSP26 expressions in cancer tissues and patient prognosis was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves, and prognostic factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.Results:In this cohort of 145 elderly patients aged 65 to 85 years(mean age: 72.61±3.87), including 91 males, we observed that the positive expression rates of SKA3 and DUSP26 in cancer tissues were 66.21%(96/145)and 71.03%(103/145), respectively.These rates were significantly higher than those found in para-carcinoma tissues, which were 16.55%(24/145)and 13.79%(20/145), with a P-value of <0.05.Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between SKA3 and DUSP26 expression in cancer tissues( r=0.571, P<0.001).Moreover, the proportions of low differentiation, clinical staging at stages Ⅰ-Ⅱ, and lymph node metastasis were significantly higher in the SKA3-positive group compared to the SKA3-negative group( P<0.05), and similarly, these proportions were higher in the DUSP26-positive group than in the DUSP26-negative group( P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that after one year of follow-up, the cumulative survival rates for patients with positive expressions of SKA3 and DUSP26 were 61.46%(59/96)and 58.25%(60/103), respectively, which were significantly lower than those with negative expressions[87.76%(43/49)and 92.86%(39/42), P<0.05].Cox regression analysis identified low differentiation( HR=1.817, 95% CI: 1.294-2.550), clinical staging at stage Ⅲ( HR=1.939, 95% CI: 1.315-2.858), lymph node metastasis( HR=1.898, 95% CI: 1.350-2.670), as well as positive expressions of SKA3( HR=2.071, 95% CI: 1.317-3.257)and DUSP26( HR=2.136, 95% CI: 1.402-3.256)as significant risk factors for prognosis( P<0.05). Conclusions:The expression rates of SKA3 and DUSP26 in cancer tissues are significantly elevated in elderly patients with NSCLC.Furthermore, these two biomarkers are correlated with the degree of differentiation, clinical staging, and lymph node metastasis, indicating their potential utility in evaluating the prognosis of elderly NSCLC patients.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of the Chikungunya fever outbreak in Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province in July 2025 and the risk factors associated with delayed viral RNA clearance.Methods:A total of 562 patients with Chikungunya fever admitted to three designated hospitals in Shunde District from July 10 to 30, 2025 were enrolled. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings were collected. Patients were categorized into four age groups including minors (<18 years), young adults (18 to 39 years), middle-aged adults (40 to 64 years) and elderly adults (≥65 years). The differences of clinical characteristics among these age groups were analyzed. Intergroup comparisons were performed using chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Pairwise comparisons between groups were conducted using the Bonferroni or Games-Howell or Dunn method. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze risk factors associated with delayed viral RNA clearance (>7 days). Results:The mean age of the 562 enrolled Chikungunya fever patients was (44.8±21.3) years. Fever, arthralgia and rash were the three core symptoms, with incidence rates of 87.5% (492/562), 88.4%(497/562) and 69.6%(391/562), respectively. At discharge, only 54.1%(304/562) of patients achieved complete symptom resolution, while 26.5%(149/562) still had arthralgia and 36.1%(203/562) had residual rash. Significant differences were observed among age groups in the incidence of fever ( χ2=9.43, P=0.024), peak body temperature ( F=6.54, P<0.001), incidence of arthralgia ( χ2=26.89, P<0.001), duration of arthralgia ( F=12.68, P=0.001), incidence of rash ( χ2=68.99, P<0.001), rate of residual rash at discharge ( χ2=32.37, P<0.001), lymphocyte count ( F=12.94, P<0.001), platelet count ( F=14.95, P<0.001), and C-reactive protein levels (CRP) ( H=94.18, P<0.001). Further pairwise comparisons revealed that compared to the middle-aged and elderly groups, the minor group had a higher incidence of fever and a lower incidence of arthralgia, and the duration of arthralgia was shorter than the elderly group (all P<0.008 3). Compared with the other three groups, the elderly group had lower incidence and residual rate of rash, and lower platelet counts (all P<0.008 3), and higher levels of CRP (all P<0.05). The elderly group had lower lymphocyte counts compared to the minor and young adult groups (both P<0.05). Significant differences were found among age groups in the time to viral RNA clearance ( F=5.77, P=0.003) and length of hospital stay ( F=11.64, P<0.001), with the elderly group having significantly longer duration for both compared to the other three groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that advanced age (odds ratio ( OR)=1.049, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.015 to 1.083), longer duration of fever ( OR=1.529, 95% CI 1.086 to 2.155) and longer duration of arthralgia ( OR=1.927, 95% CI 1.318 to 2.817) were independent risk factors for delayed viral RNA clearance (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Patients with Chikungunya fever in Shunde District primarily present with fever, arthralgia and rash. The incidence and characteristics of these three core symptoms show age-related variations. Elderly patients and those with longer durations of fever or arthralgia are more likely to experience delayed viral clearance.