Background As one of the primary operational methods in the power grid industry, the insulated glove working method imposes significant physical demands due to the constraints of insulating equipment and specific required postures, resulting in substantial occupational health hazards among workers in this sector, which have garnered widespread social attention. Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to provide targeted measures to reduce occupational hazards. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, 1079 frontline workers were randomly selected from power supply enterprises across 3 provinces in China. The revised Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to collect factors associated with multi-site WMSDs (defined as involvement of ≥2 sites among the neck, shoulder, and lumbar). Results The 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions was 39.9%, 30.0%, and 25.3%, respectively, with a multi-site WMSDs prevalence of 32.0%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to workers with technical secondary school education or senior high school education and below, workers with junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.06). Compared to workers with <10 years of work experience, those with 10-<20 years of work experience had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.67). Working in uncomfortable postures "sometimes" (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.36), "frequently" (OR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.76, 4.29), and "very frequently" (OR=3.55, 95%CI: 2.04, 6.19) were significantly associated with an increased risk of multi-site WMSDs compared to never working in such postures. Frequent repetitive movements of the low back (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.48, 2.84) increased the risk of multi-site WMSDs, while sufficient rest time decreased the risk (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.34, 0.61). Conclusion The prevalences of single-site and multi-site WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, lumbar regions are relatively high among workers wearing insulated gloves. Factors associated with multi-site WMSDs include 10-<20 years of work experience, junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above, uncomfortable working postures, frequent repetitive low-back movements, and lack of sufficient rest time.

Background As one of the primary operational methods in the power grid industry, the insulated glove working method imposes significant physical demands due to the constraints of insulating equipment and specific required postures, resulting in substantial occupational health hazards among workers in this sector, which have garnered widespread social attention. Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to provide targeted measures to reduce occupational hazards. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling, 1079 frontline workers were randomly selected from power supply enterprises across 3 provinces in China. The revised Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions among workers wearing insulated gloves, and to collect factors associated with multi-site WMSDs (defined as involvement of ≥2 sites among the neck, shoulder, and lumbar). Results The 1-year prevalence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions was 39.9%, 30.0%, and 25.3%, respectively, with a multi-site WMSDs prevalence of 32.0%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to workers with technical secondary school education or senior high school education and below, workers with junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.47, 3.06). Compared to workers with <10 years of work experience, those with 10-<20 years of work experience had a higher risk of multi-site WMSDs (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.45, 2.67). Working in uncomfortable postures "sometimes" (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.36), "frequently" (OR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.76, 4.29), and "very frequently" (OR=3.55, 95%CI: 2.04, 6.19) were significantly associated with an increased risk of multi-site WMSDs compared to never working in such postures. Frequent repetitive movements of the low back (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.48, 2.84) increased the risk of multi-site WMSDs, while sufficient rest time decreased the risk (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.34, 0.61). Conclusion The prevalences of single-site and multi-site WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, lumbar regions are relatively high among workers wearing insulated gloves. Factors associated with multi-site WMSDs include 10-<20 years of work experience, junior college education or bachelor’s degrees and above, uncomfortable working postures, frequent repetitive low-back movements, and lack of sufficient rest time.

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) has been rising year by year. Because its management spans both thoracic and general surgery, there are notable differences in surgical approaches, the extent of lymph node dissection, and digestive tract reconstruction. Lymph node dissection is central to curative surgery for AEG. While achieving an R 0 resection, surgical planning should also balance preservation of gastrointestinal function and control of complications, with judicious selection of the digestive tract reconstruction method. The authors summarize their institutional practice regarding the selection of operative extent and reconstruction for AEG. They emphasize an esophageal invasion length (EIL)≥3 cm as a key criterion for adopting a transthoracic approach with mediastinal lymph-node dissection, and prioritize gastric function-preserving reconstruction whenever feasible, providing systematical experience.

BACKGROUND:The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus,and has been shown to play an important regulatory role in the pathological development of Alzheimer's disease,making it a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the close relationship and interaction mechanism between α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and Alzheimer's disease.METHODS:Retrieve relevant literature was searched in CNKI and PubMed databases using the search terms of"alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,Alzheimer's disease,beta amyloid protein,agonist,positive allosteric modulator,antagonist"in Chinese and English,respectively.The search time was from database inception to July 2024.According to the inclusion criteria,the search results were accepted or excluded,and ultimately 83 articles that met the criteria were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor interacts with β-amyloid protein to reduce the neurotoxicity of β-amyloid protein,such as promoting synaptic plasticity and rapid transmission of cholinergic synapses in Alzheimer's disease,alleviating central nervous system inflammation induced by β-amyloid protein,resisting neuronal apoptosis,and thus having a protective effect on the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has great potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease,but there are still a series of issues that need to be addressed,such as desensitization of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,stability of moderate activity,and gene polymorphism.Screening for drugs with high specificity,safety and multi-target binding action centered on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor will be a future direction for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that tea polyphenols have anti-inflammatory effects on multiple organs,but there are few studies on the effects of tea polyphenols on central nervous system inflammation caused by exercise fatigue.OBJECTIVE:To explore the central anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of tea polyphenols in exercise fatigue.METHODS:7-week-old male Kunming mice were divided into quiet control group,fatigue model group,and tea polyphenols group.In the fatigue model group,mice were given exhaustive swimming at one time.In the tea polyphenols group,tea polyphenols were injected into abdominal cavity half an hour before exhaustive swimming.The exhaustive swimming time in mice of fatigue model group and tea polyphenols group was recorded.Samples were taken from mice in each group after two hours of exhaustive swimming.The changes of brain tissue morphology and structure in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot assay or real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of inflammation-related factors,the activation of microglia,and the activation of STAT3/nuclear factor-κB p65 inflammatory pathway in the brain tissue of mice.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of plasma inflammatory factors.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the fatigue model group,the swimming exhaustion time of mice in the tea polyphenols group was significantly prolonged.(2)No abnormality was found in the hematoxylin-eosin staining results of brain tissues of mice in each group.(3)Compared with the quiet control group,the expression levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α protein,interleukin-1β protein,M1 activated microglia marker-inducible nitric oxide synthase protein,nuclear factor-κB p65 protein and mRNA,and p-STAT3 protein and STAT3 mRNA in the fatigue model group were significantly increased,while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 protein and M2 activated microglia marker-arginase 1 protein were significantly decreased.Compared with the fatigue model group,the inflammatory reaction,microglia types and signal molecules showed opposite obvious changes in the tea polyphenols group.(4)The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,interleukin-10 in peripheral plasma and brain tissue were consistent in mice of each group.(5)To sum up,exercise fatigue can trigger inflammatory reaction of nerve center,and tea polyphenols can alleviate this inflammatory reaction,and then enhance the fatigue resistance time of mice.The effects of exercise-induced fatigue and tea polyphenols on the inflammatory reaction in the brain may be completed through STAT3/nuclearfactor-κB p65 pathway.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that tea polyphenols have anti-inflammatory effects on multiple organs,but there are few studies on the effects of tea polyphenols on central nervous system inflammation caused by exercise fatigue.OBJECTIVE:To explore the central anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of tea polyphenols in exercise fatigue.METHODS:7-week-old male Kunming mice were divided into quiet control group,fatigue model group,and tea polyphenols group.In the fatigue model group,mice were given exhaustive swimming at one time.In the tea polyphenols group,tea polyphenols were injected into abdominal cavity half an hour before exhaustive swimming.The exhaustive swimming time in mice of fatigue model group and tea polyphenols group was recorded.Samples were taken from mice in each group after two hours of exhaustive swimming.The changes of brain tissue morphology and structure in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot assay or real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of inflammation-related factors,the activation of microglia,and the activation of STAT3/nuclear factor-κB p65 inflammatory pathway in the brain tissue of mice.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of plasma inflammatory factors.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the fatigue model group,the swimming exhaustion time of mice in the tea polyphenols group was significantly prolonged.(2)No abnormality was found in the hematoxylin-eosin staining results of brain tissues of mice in each group.(3)Compared with the quiet control group,the expression levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α protein,interleukin-1β protein,M1 activated microglia marker-inducible nitric oxide synthase protein,nuclear factor-κB p65 protein and mRNA,and p-STAT3 protein and STAT3 mRNA in the fatigue model group were significantly increased,while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 protein and M2 activated microglia marker-arginase 1 protein were significantly decreased.Compared with the fatigue model group,the inflammatory reaction,microglia types and signal molecules showed opposite obvious changes in the tea polyphenols group.(4)The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α,interleukin 1β,interleukin-10 in peripheral plasma and brain tissue were consistent in mice of each group.(5)To sum up,exercise fatigue can trigger inflammatory reaction of nerve center,and tea polyphenols can alleviate this inflammatory reaction,and then enhance the fatigue resistance time of mice.The effects of exercise-induced fatigue and tea polyphenols on the inflammatory reaction in the brain may be completed through STAT3/nuclearfactor-κB p65 pathway.

BACKGROUND:The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus,and has been shown to play an important regulatory role in the pathological development of Alzheimer's disease,making it a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the close relationship and interaction mechanism between α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and Alzheimer's disease.METHODS:Retrieve relevant literature was searched in CNKI and PubMed databases using the search terms of"alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,Alzheimer's disease,beta amyloid protein,agonist,positive allosteric modulator,antagonist"in Chinese and English,respectively.The search time was from database inception to July 2024.According to the inclusion criteria,the search results were accepted or excluded,and ultimately 83 articles that met the criteria were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor interacts with β-amyloid protein to reduce the neurotoxicity of β-amyloid protein,such as promoting synaptic plasticity and rapid transmission of cholinergic synapses in Alzheimer's disease,alleviating central nervous system inflammation induced by β-amyloid protein,resisting neuronal apoptosis,and thus having a protective effect on the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has great potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease,but there are still a series of issues that need to be addressed,such as desensitization of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,stability of moderate activity,and gene polymorphism.Screening for drugs with high specificity,safety and multi-target binding action centered on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor will be a future direction for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective:To investigate the effect of brain-computer interface (BCI) training on the upper limb function of stroke survivors and to observe any changes in cortical activation patterns after such training.Methods:Thirty ischemic stroke survivors with upper limb dysfunction were randomized into a treatment group ( n=15) and a control group ( n=15). Both groups were given conventional upper limb rehabilitation training, while the treatment group additionally underwent 30 minutes of upper limb BCI training daily, five days a week for four consecutive weeks. Their upper limb motor functioning was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and their ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) was quantified using the modified Barthel Index (MBI) before the experiment and after two and four weeks. the functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was employed to measure oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO 2) levels in six regions of interest: the premotor cortex (PMC), the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the affected and unaffected hemispheres. Changes in brain network topology and network efficiency during the upper limb training were also analyzed. Results:After two and four weeks of the treatment, both groups showed significant improvement in their average FMA and MBI scores. The improvement was significantly greater in the treatment group than among the controls, on average. Before the treatment, HbO 2 levels in the affected SMA were significantly lower than in the other regions of interest in both groups. However, after 4 weeks the treatment group had significantly increased HbO 2 in the affected PMC and SMA, with higher concentrations in the affected PMC than among the control group. The network efficiency in the treatment group was also significantly better than in the control group after four weeks. Conclusions:Supplementing conventional neuropharmacological and rehabilitation therapies with BCI training can significantly improve upper limb motor function and the ADL ability of stroke survivors. It enhances cortical activation in the affected PMC and SMA and increases inter-regional brain networks.

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) has been rising year by year. Because its management spans both thoracic and general surgery, there are notable differences in surgical approaches, the extent of lymph node dissection, and digestive tract reconstruction. Lymph node dissection is central to curative surgery for AEG. While achieving an R 0 resection, surgical planning should also balance preservation of gastrointestinal function and control of complications, with judicious selection of the digestive tract reconstruction method. The authors summarize their institutional practice regarding the selection of operative extent and reconstruction for AEG. They emphasize an esophageal invasion length (EIL)≥3 cm as a key criterion for adopting a transthoracic approach with mediastinal lymph-node dissection, and prioritize gastric function-preserving reconstruction whenever feasible, providing systematical experience.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of smoking on the sedative potency of remimazolam combined with alfentanil in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods:This was a prospecctive single-center study. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ male patients, aged 30-75 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, undergoing elective painless gastroscopy at Baoding First Central Hospital from October to December 2023, were divided into non-smoking group, mild smoking group (smoking index≤200), moderate smoking group (200 1 after 3 min of remimazolam injection or development of bucking, swallowing, body movement and other responses that affected operations during insertion of the endoscope. Results:A total of 85 patients were finally included, with 21 in non-smoking group, 21 in mild smoking group, 20 in moderate smoking group and 23 in heavy smoking group. The ED 50 of remimazolam was significantly higher in smoking groups than in non-smoking group ( P<0.05). The ED 50 of remimazolam gradually increased in mild, moderate and heavy smoking groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Smoking can decrease the sedative potency of remimazolam when combined with alfentanil in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.