Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of Lewy bodies, leading to motor and nonmotor symptoms. While both genetic and environmental factors contribute to PD, recent studies highlight the crucial role of lipid metabolism disturbances in disease progression. Altered lipid homeostasis promotes protein aggregation and oxidative stress, with significant changes in lipid classes such as sphingolipids and glycerolipids observed in patients with PD. These disturbances are involved in key pathological processes, such as α-synuclein aggregation, organelle dysfunction, lipid-mediated neuroinflammation, and impaired lipid homeostasis. This review examines the relationship between lipid species and PD progression, focusing on the physiological roles of lipids in the central nervous system. It explores the mechanistic links between lipid metabolism and PD pathology, along with lipid-related genetic risk factors. Furthermore, this review discusses lipid-targeting therapeutic strategies to mitigate PD progression, emphasizing the potential of lipid modulation for effective treatment development.
Humans ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism* ; Lipid Metabolism/physiology* ; Animals ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism*

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff catheters for airway closure using different pressure measurement methods at the lowest safe pressure and to guide the clinical application.Methods:Twenty-four patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital from December 2021 to January 2022 were enrolled. Leakage test in vitro was performed on the secretion on the patients' cuff. The needle and plunger from 20 mL syringe was separated, the syringe was sealed with adhesive, and the syringe nozzle was filled thoroughly to create a tracheal model. Consecutively, both cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff catheters were inserted into the simulated trachea, and the cuff pressure was calibrated to 20 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O≈0.098 kPa) before commencing the experiment. The viscosity of the secretion on the patients' cuff was classified (grade Ⅰ was watery subglottic secretion, grade Ⅱ was thick subglottic secretion, grade Ⅲ was gel-like subglottic secretion), and the same viscosity secretion was injected into the catheter cuff. Utilizing a self-control approach, intermittent pressure measurement was initially conducted on both the cylindrical-shaped and conical-shaped cuff by improved pressure measurement method (intermittent pressure measurement group), followed by continuous pressure measurement experiment (continuous pressure measurement group). The leakage volume of the three viscosity subglottic secretions and the values of cuff pressure measurement of different shaped cuff catheters at 4, 6, 8 hours of inflation were recorded. Results:A total of 180 retention samples were extracted from 24 patients with tracheal intubation during ventilation, with 90 samples in each of the two groups using different pressure measurement methods, and 30 samples of retention materials with different viscosities in each group. In the intermittent pressure measurement group, at 4 hours of inflation, all samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ on cylindrical-shaped cuff leaked, while 3 samples of secretion with grade Ⅲ also leaked. For conical-shaped cuff, 28 samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ leaked, only 2 samples of secretion with grade Ⅱ leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade Ⅲ. At 6 hours of inflation, all samples of the three viscosity secretions on different shaped cuffs leaked. The leakage was gradually increased with the prolongation of inflation time. In the continuous pressure measurement group, at 4 hours of inflation, all samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ on cylindrical-shaped cuff leaked, while 29 samples of secretion with grade Ⅱ leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade Ⅲ. For the conical-shaped cuff, 26 samples of secretion with grade Ⅰ leaked, and there was no leak for secretion with grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ. At 6 hours of inflation, the conical-shaped cuff still had no leak for secretion with grade Ⅲ. As the inflation time prolonged, the leakage of subglottic secretion on different shaped cuffs in both groups was gradually increased. At 8 hours of inflation, all samples experienced leakage, but the leakage of subglottic secretion on different shaped cuffs in the continuous pressure measurement group was significantly reduced as compared with the intermittent pressure measurement group [leakage for secretion with grade Ⅲ (mL): 1.00 (0.00, 1.25) vs. 2.00 (1.00, 2.00) on the cylindrical-shaped cuff, 1.00 (0.00, 1.00) vs. 2.00 (2.00, 2.00) on the conical-shaped cuff, both P < 0.01]. The values of pressure measurement of cuffs with different shapes at different time points of inflation in the continuous pressure measurement group were within the set range (20-21 cmH 2O). The cuff pressure at 4 hours of inflation in the intermittent pressure measurement group was significantly lower than the initial value (cmH 2O: 18.3±0.6 vs. 20.0±0.0 in the cylindrical-shaped cuff, 18.4±0.6 vs. 20.0±0.0 in the conical-shaped cuff, both P < 0.01), and the cuff pressure in both shaped cuffs showed a significant decrease tendency as inflation time prolonged. However, there was no statistically significant difference in values of pressure measurement between the different shaped cuff catheters. Conclusions:Continuous pressure monitoring devices can maintain the effective sealing of conical-shaped cuff catheters at the lowest safe pressure. When using an improved pressure measurement method for intermittent pressure measurement and/or using a cylindrical cuff catheter, the target pressure should be set at 25-30 cmH 2O, and the cuff pressure should be adjusted regularly.

Objective To evaluate the status of home medication safety among elderly patients with chronic diseases and analyze its influencing factors in urban and rural areas of Henan Province.Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted.Data was collected through a designed and optimized questionnaire.Pharmacists conducted in-home surveys.Excel and SPSS 26.0 software were used for data analysis.Results A total of 352 valid questionnaires were analyzed.Most respondents were aged 60～70 years,with a female proportion of 56.2%,and 52.0%of them had a junior high school education or lower.The top-ranked chronic diseases were hypertension(62.2%)and hyperlipidemia(33.2%),and 61.1%of patients suffered from multiple chronic diseases.Antipyretic and analgesic drugs were most common in home medicine cabinets(90.1%).The proportion of drugs being stored in accordance with the instructions(46.9%)was slightly low,and 93.8%of the elderly handled expired drugs improperly.Awareness of medication guidance services was low(34.9%).Logistic regression analysis showed that factors such as education level and monthly income had significant effects on the understanding of drug package insert,rational drug storage,proper disposal of expired drugs,and awareness of medication guidance services(P<0.05).Conclusion There are still some potential safety risks in the home medication use of elderly patients with chronic diseases in urban and rural areas of Henan Province.It is necessary to enhance education on drug storage and medication guidance,particularly for low-income and less-educated groups,to improve the safety of home medication use.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of personalized pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative di-abetic retinopathy(PDR).Methods In this retrospective case study,76 patients(86 eyes)diagnosed with PDR and re-ceiving PPV in the Department of Ophthalmology of Songjiang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from October 2019 to November 2022,were divided into the observation group(40 patients,46 eyes)and the control group(36 patients,40 eyes).Patients in the obseration group were treated with personalized PPV,while patients in the control group were treated with conventional PPV,After treatment,all patients were followed up for 12 months.The operation time,intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water resi-dues,proportion of scleral buckling,preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP),retinal reattachment rate at 12 months after surgery,and the incidence of post-vitrectomy vitreous hemor-rhage(PVH),diabetic macular edema(DME)and neovascular glaucoma(NVG)were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time of patients in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(both P＜0.05).The incidence of iatrogenic retinal tears and heavy water residues and the proportion of scleral buckling showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in BCVA preoperatively,3,6 and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).BCVA in the observa-tion group was better than that in the control group at 1 day,1 week and 1 month after surgery(all P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative value,BCVA increased in the observation group at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05);in the control group,BCVA increased slightly at 1 day and 1 week(both P＞0.05)and then increased significantly at 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery(all P＜0.05).The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in IOP at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the retinal reattachment rate and the inci-dence of complications such as PVH,DME,and NVG between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Personalized PPV can shorten the operation time,reduce the intraoperative use of heavy water and silicone oil,enhance the efficiency of the operation,and rapidly improve the visual acuity of PDR patients.

Objective:To analyze the research status, hotspots and frontiers of symptom nursing of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) .Methods:The Web of Science core collection database was searched, and CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software was used to analyze the literature visually.Results:A total of 350 articles were included. The number of articles on symptom nursing of inflammatory bowel disease showed an upward trend year by year. The author with the most significant number of articles was Christine. The authors were scattered and had not yet formed a core group. The country with the most significant number of articles was the United States. The keywords formed a total of 11 clusters, among which the home symptom monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease as a chronic disease, the current status of symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease patients and their relationship with other variables, the symptoms of active patients, and symptom intervention based on theoretical frameworks were research hotspots. The effectiveness of symptom-coping strategies and tools was at the forefront of research.Conclusions:The symptom nursing of inflammatory bowel disease shows a rapid development trend. In the future, researchers should develop more accurate symptom measurement tools based on previous research and construct precise symptom response strategies.

Objective To construct a continuous nursing quality evaluation indicator system for inflam-matory bowel disease patients and provide a basis for the evaluation of continuous nursing quality.Methods On the basis of Donabedian's three-dimensional(structure,process,and outcome)quality structure,we employed liter-ature review,qualitative interview,Delphi method,and hierarchical analysis to determine the content and weights of indicators of continuous nursing quality for the patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Results A total of 15 experts completed 2 rounds of consultation,which had the questionnaire recovery rates of 100％,the expert authority coefficients of 0.930 and 0.919,and the Kendall harmony coefficients of 0.149 and 0.177(both P＜0.001),respectively.The established nursing quality evaluation indicator system included 3 first-level indicators,10 sec-ond-level indicators,and 39 third-level indicators.Conclusion The continuous nursing quality evaluation indi-cator system for the patients with inflammatory bowel disease that was constructed in this study was reasonable,reliable,and practical,providing reference for evaluating the continuous nursing quality for the patients with in-flammatory bowel disease.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying novel strategies to prevent particulate matter (PM)-induced lung injury is crucial for the reduction of the morbidity of chronic respiratory diseases. The combined intervention represented by herbal formulae for simultaneously targeting multiple pathological processes can provide a more beneficial effect than the single intervention. The aim of this paper is therefore to design a safe and effective medicinal and edible Chinese herbs (MECHs) formula against PM-induced lung injury. METHODS: PM-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis A549 cell model were used to screen anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic MECHs, respectively. A network pharmacology method was utilized to rationally design a novel herbal formula. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was utilized to assess the quality control of MECHs formula. The excretion of magnetic iron oxide nanospheres of the MECHs formula was estimated in zebrafish. The MECH formula against PM-induced lung injury was investigated with mice experiments. RESULTS: Five selected herbs were rationally designed to form a new MECH formula, including Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (Juhong), Lablab Semen Album (Baibiandou), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Mori Folium (Sangye) and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Yuzhu). The formula effectively promoted the magnetic iron oxide nanospheres excretion in zebrafish. The mid/high dose formula significantly prevented PM-induced lung damage in mice by enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px, reducing the MDA and ROS level and attenuating the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α), down regulating the protein expression of NF-κB, STAT3 and Caspase-3. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the effective MECHs formula will become a novel strategy for preventing PM-induced lung injury and provide a paradigm for the development of functional foods using MECHs.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of pentraxin 3(PTX3)levels in patients with sepsis through meta-analysis.Methods:Databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang Data and China Biology Medicine disc(CBM)from inception to April 2020 were searched for clinical studies that reported the relationship between PTX3 levels and the prognosis of patients with sepsis.Literature selection was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.The quality of the included studies was evaluated with Newcastal-Ottawa scale and the Meta-analysis was conducted with Review Manager 5.3 software.Results:Ten studies with 1 710 cases were included.Meta-analysis results showed that compared with survivors, PTX3 levels of non-survivors significantly increased(in the random effects model, I2=95%, P<0.001), the combined standard mean difference between non-survivors and survivors was 1.31(95% CI 0.73-1.90). A combined analysis of six studies on the predictive value of PTX3 for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis was carried out, and the pooled sensitivity was 0.799(95% CI 0.730-0.854), the pooled specificity was 0.735(95% CI 0.649-0.807), the pooled odds ratio was 11.02(95% CI 6.60-18.40), the pooled positive likelihood ratio was 3.02(95% CI 2.24-4.06), the pooled negative likelihood ratio was 0.27(95% CI 0.20-0.37), and the area under summary receiver operator characteristic was 0.83(95% CI 0.79-0.86). Conclusion:PTX3 has a good prognostic value for sepsis.

Objective:To explore the effects of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on pregnancy outcomes of subsequent pregnancy.Methods:A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 21 hospitals in China. Information of age, height, pre-pregnancy weight, IPI, history of diseases, complications of pregnancy, gestational age of delivery, delivery mode, and pregnancy outcomes of the participants were collected by consulting medical records of pregnant women who had two consecutive deliveries in the same hospital during 2011 to 2018. The participants were divided into 4 groups according to IPI:<18 months, 18-23 months, 24-59 months and ≥60 months. According to the WHO′s recommendation, with the IPI of 24-59 months group as a reference, to the effects of IPI on pregnancy outcomes of subsequent pregnancy were analyzed. Stratified analysis was further carried out based on age, history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), macrosomia, and premature delivery, to explore the differences in the effects of IPI on pregnancy outcomes among women with different characteristics.Results:A total of 8 026 women were included in this study. There were 423, 623, 5 512 and 1 468 participants in <18 months group, 18-23 months group, 24-59 months group and ≥60 months group, respectively. (1) The age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), history of cesarean section, GDM, gestational hypertension and cesarean section delivery rate of <18 months group, 18-23 months group, 24-59 months group and ≥60 months group were gradually increased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). (2) After adjusting for potential confounding factors, compared with women in the IPI of 24-59 months group, the risk of premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, and oligohydramnios were increased by 42% ( OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.07-1.88, P=0.015), 46% ( OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.13-1.88, P=0.004), and 64% ( OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.38, P=0.009) respectively for women in the IPI≥60 months group. No effects of IPI on other pregnancy outcomes were found in this study ( P>0.05). (3) After stratified by age and adjusted for confounding factors, compared with women in the IPI of 24-59 months group, IPI≥60 months would significantly increase the risk of oligohydramnios for women with advanced age ( OR=2.87, 95% CI: 1.41-5.83, P=0.004); and <18 months could increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes for women under the age of 35 ( OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.04-2.43, P=0.032). Both the risk of premature rupture of membranes ( OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.18-2.13, P=0.002) and premature delivery ( OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.07-2.17, P=0.020) were significantly increased in the IPI≥60 months group. After stratified by history of GDM and adjusted for confounding factors, compared with women in the IPI of 24-59 months group, IPI≥60 months would lead to an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage for women with a history of GDM ( OR=5.34, 95% CI: 1.45-19.70, P=0.012) and an increased risk of premature rupture of membranes for women without a history of GDM ( OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.10-1.90, P=0.009). After stratified by history of macrosomia and adjusted for confounding factors, compared with women in the IPI of 24-59 months group, IPI≥60 months could increase the proportion of cesarean section for women with a history of macrosomia ( OR=4.11, 95% CI: 1.18-14.27, P=0.026) and the risk of premature rupture of membranes for women without a history of macrosomia ( OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.12-1.89, P=0.005). After stratified by history of premature delivery and adjusted for confounding factors, compared with women in the IPI of 24-59 months group, IPI≥60 months would significantly increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes for women without a history of premature delivery ( OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.13-1.92, P=0.004). Conclusions:Both IPI≥60 months and <18 months would increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the subsequent pregnancy. Healthcare education and consultation should be conducted for women of reproductive age to maintain an appropriate IPI when they plan to pregnant again, to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the subsequent pregnancy.

Objective:To investigate the current status of discharged patients at risk of pressure injury and analyze risk factors of pressure injury.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, 54 medical alliance units of Chongqing Fuling Central Hospital were selected for a cross-sectional survey. Patients at risk of pressure injury when discharged from the hospital and their caregivers were selected as the research objects from August 2019 to June 2020. The general demographic data sheet, clinical test data sheet, Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale, Barthel index, and Family Caregiver Task Inventory (FCTI) were used for investigation. In this study, a total of 409 questionnaires were issued and 409 were effectively received, with an effective recovery of 100%.Results:There were 224 patients (54.8%) at light risk of pressure injury, 74 patients (18.1%) at moderate risk, 89 patients (21.8%) at high risk and 22 (5.4%) patients at extreme risk. The differences in general demographic data, clinical test data and self-care ability grade of 409 patients were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The FCTI scores of caregivers for patients with different risk levels were compared, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The results of ordered logistic regression analysis showed that white blood cell count ( OR=1.103, 95% CI: 1.006-1.209, P=0.035) , care ability of caregivers ( OR=1.060, 95% CI: 1.017-1.104, P=0.005) , fecal incontinence ( OR=14.112, 95% CI: 2.505-79.497, P=0.003) , indwelling catheter ( OR=3.111, 95% CI: 1.332-7.269, P=0.009) , severe dependence ( OR=15.705, 95% CI: 2.655-92.918, P=0.002) were risk factors for the risk of pressure injury in discharged patients. Conclusions:Among discharged patients with Braden score less than or equal to 18 points, there are 45.2% (185/409) patients with moderate risk of pressure injury and above. It is necessary to focus on discharged patients with high levels of white blood cells, weak care ability of caregivers, indwelling catheters and self-care ability of heavy dependence grade to prevent pressure injuries.