This study identified 8 members including NjBIN2 of the GSK3 family in Nardostachys jatamansi by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree revealed that the GKS3 family members of N. jatamansi had a close relationship with those of Arabidopsis. RT-qPCR results showed that NjBIN2 presented a tissue-specific expression pattern with the highest expression in roots, suggesting that NjBIN2 played a role in root growth and development. In addition, the application of epibrassinolide or the brassinosteroid(BR) synthesis inhibitor(brassinazole) altered the expression pattern of NjBIN2 and influenced the photomorphogenesis(cotyledon opening) and root development of N. jatamansi, which provided direct evidence about the functions of NjBIN2. In conclusion, this study highlights the roles of BIN2 in regulating the growth and development of N. jatamansi by analyzing the expression pattern and biological function of NjBIN2. It not only enriches the understanding about the regulatory mechanism of the growth and development of N. jatamansi but also provides a theoretical basis and potential gene targets for molecular breeding of N. jatamansi with improved quality in the future.
Brassinosteroids/metabolism* ; Steroids, Heterocyclic/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Nardostachys/metabolism* ; Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology* ; Plant Roots/drug effects*

Jiuwei Xifeng Granules have become a Chinese patent medicine in the market. Because the formula contains Os Draconis, a top-level protected fossil of ancient organisms, the formula was to be improved by replacing Os Draconis with Ostreae Concha. To evaluate whether the improved formula has the same effectiveness and safety as the original formula, a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled, equivalence clinical trial was conducted. This study enrolled 288 tic disorder(TD) of children and assigned them into two groups in 1∶1. The treatment group and control group took the modified formula and original formula, respectively. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks, and follow-up visits were conducted at weeks 2, 4, and 6. The primary efficacy endpoint was the difference in Yale global tic severity scale(YGTSS)-total tic severity(TTS) score from baseline after 6 weeks of treatment. The results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment, the declines in YGTSS-TSS score showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The difference in YGTSS-TSS score(treatment group-control group) and the 95%CI of the full analysis set(FAS) were-0.17[-1.42, 1.08] and those of per-protocol set(PPS) were 0.29[-0.97, 1.56], which were within the equivalence boundary [-3, 3]. The equivalence test was therefore concluded. The two groups showed no significant differences in the secondary efficacy endpoints of effective rate for TD, total score and factor scores of YGTSS, clinical global impressions-severity(CGI-S) score, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) response rate, or symptom disappearance rate, and thus a complete evidence chain with the primary outcome was formed. A total of 6 adverse reactions were reported, including 4(2.82%) cases in the treatment group and 2(1.41%) cases in the control group, which showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. No serious suspected unexpected adverse reactions were reported, and no laboratory test results indicated serious clinically significant abnormalities. The results support the replacement of Os Draconis by Ostreae Concha in the original formula, and the efficacy and safety of the modified formula are consistent with those of the original formula.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Tic Disorders/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

This study investigates the mechanism by which Xintong Granules improve myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) through the regulation of gut microbiota and their metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs). Rats were randomly divided based on body weight into the sham operation group, model group, low-dose Xintong Granules group(1.43 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), medium-dose Xintong Granules group(2.86 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), high-dose Xintong Granules group(5.72 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and metoprolol group(10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). After 14 days of pre-administration, the MIRI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. The myocardial infarction area was assessed using the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining method. Apoptosis in tissue cells was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Pathological changes in myocardial cells and colonic tissue were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB), and cardiac troponin T(cTnT) in rat serum were quantitatively measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) kits. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase(CK), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in myocardial tissue, as well as the level of malondialdehyde(MDA), were determined using colorimetric assays. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing, and fecal SCFAs were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The results show that Xintong Granules significantly reduced the myocardial infarction area, suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), myocardial injury markers(CK-MB, cTnT, LDH, and CK), and oxidative stress marker MDA. Additionally, Xintong Granules significantly improved intestinal inflammation in MIRI rats, regulated gut microbiota composition and diversity, and increased the levels of SCFAs(acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, etc.). In summary, Xintong Granules effectively alleviate MIRI symptoms. This study preliminarily confirms that Xintong Granules exert their inhibitory effects on MIRI by regulating gut microbiota imbalance and increasing SCFA levels.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: Resveratrol (Res) is a promising anticancer drug against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but whether its anti-HCC effects implicate mitophagy remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the specific role of Res in mitophagy and the related mechanisms during the treatment of HCC. METHODS: HepG2 cells and tumor-grafted nude mice were used to investigate the effects of low-, middle- and high-dose of Res on HCC progression and mitophagy in vitro and in vivo, respectively. A series of approaches including cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate tumor cell functions. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to assess mitophagy. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, reactive oxygen species and membrane potential were used to reflect mitochondrial function. After disrupting the expression of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), miR-143-3p, and ribonucleoside reductase M2 (RRM2), the effects of the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis on cell function and mitophagy under Res treatment were explored in vitro. Additionally, dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to confirm interactions between target genes. RESULTS: Res significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro, while significantly suppressing tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner and inducing mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo. Interestingly, MALAT1 was highly expressed in HCC cells and its knockdown upregulated miR-143-3p expression in HCC cells, which subsequently inhibited RRM2 expression. Furthermore, in nude mice grafted with HCC tumors and treated with Res, the expression of MALAT1, miR-143-3p and RRM2 were altered significantly. In vitro data further supported the targeted binding relationships between MALAT1 and miR-143-3p and between miR-143-3p and RRM2. Therefore, a series of cell-based experiments were carried out to study the mechanism of the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis involved in mitophagy and HCC; these experiments revealed that MALAT1 knockdown, miR-143-3p mimic and RRM silencing potentiated the antitumor effects of Res and its activation of mitophagy. CONCLUSION Res facilitated mitophagy in HCC and exerted anti-cancer effects by targeting the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis. Please cite this article as: Feng CY, Cai CS, Shi XQ, Zhang ZJ, Su D, Qiu YQ. Resveratrol promotes mitophagy via the MALAT1/miR-143-3p/RRM2 axis and suppresses cancer progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(1): 79-91.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Resveratrol/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Mice, Nude ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Hep G2 Cells ; Mice ; Disease Progression ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

As an indispensable trace element in the human body,copper plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical reactions.The dyshomeostasis of copper leads to the disorder of copper metabolism and the occurrence of related diseases.Cuproptosis,a newly proposed regulatory cell death mode,is different from the known apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis.Recent studies have found that the dyshomeostasis of copper has been observed in a variety of cancers.Therefore,targeting copper for disease treatment may become a new strategy and a new idea.This article systematically summarizes the fundamental properties of copper,copper dyshomeostasis-related diseases (Menkes syndrome,Wilson's disease,and cancer) and their treatment,and reviews the research progress in cuproptosis.
Humans ; Copper/metabolism* ; Homeostasis ; Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration/metabolism* ; Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome/metabolism*

Objective To analyze the stresses in implanted titanium solid and bone trabecular prosthesis hip replacements.Methods A femur model was built inversely based on Mimics software,and optimized using Geomagic software,and then materialized by SolidWorks software.The osteotomized femur was assembled with the metal femoral stem to form a model,and then the model was imported into ABAQUS for finite element calculation.The upper femur was divided into four regions in different states of integration:medial proximal point(small trochanter region),lateral proximal region(large trochanter region),proximal point of the femoral stem(region around the mid-portion of the styloid process)and distal region(around the end of the styloid process and distal portion).Calculations were carried out over the femoral stresses before and after implantation of titanium solid and trabecular prostheses under gait and stair-climbing loads and the interfacial stresses when the region was unintegrated.The type of deformation at the bone interface was analyzed by means of a stress ellipsoid.Results At the small trochanter region,the stress shielding rates of the trabecular prosthesis under gait and stair climbing loads were reduced by 20.5％and 14.7％compared to the titanium solid prosthesis,respectively.In case of different integration states of the titanium solid prosthesis,the interface tensile stresses under the gait and stair climbing loads were up to 10.842 MPa and 12.900 MPa,and the shear stresses reached 7.050 MPa and 6.805 MPa,respectively;in case of different integration states of the trabecular prosthesis,the interface tensile stresses under the gait and stair climbing loads were up to 3.858 MPa and 4.389 MPa,and the shear stresses reached 4.156 MPa and 3.854 MPa,respectively.Under the 2 different loads,the inboard shear stress ellipsoid of the interface opened toward the sides and the bone interface showed tensile deformation;the outboard shear stress ellipsoid of the interface opened up and down and had compressive deformation.Conclusion After total hip arthroplasty,the overall performance of the trabecular prosthesis is better than that of the titanium solid prosthesis.The unintegrated edges of the prosthesis-bone interface are susceptible to stress concentrations and distortion which may result in occurrence of failures.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(3):29-35]

Objective To explore the mechanical behavior of cancellous bone under the interaction of whole-body low-magnitude high-frequency vibration(LMHFV)parameters,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the clinical treatment of disuse osteoporosis.Methods A three-dimensional reconstruction model was established for the cancellous bone of the mid femur by Mimics software,which was then imported into Comsol software to form a three-dimensional fluid-solid coupling finite element model.Twelve scenarios with the vibration acceleration amplitude(a)being 0.015×g,0.02×g,0.03×g and vibration frequency(f)being 30,45,60 and 100 Hz were set up for the simulation study to analyze the distribution rules of the hydrodynamic microenvironment,the stresses and the deformation displacements of cancellous bone under the interaction of LMHFV parameters.Results The bone marrow flow velocity on the surface of trabeculae and deformation displacement of bone matrix increased with the rising of a and decreased with the growing of f.Trabeculae gained high mean values of deformation displacement in case of the vibration scenario(0.015×g/0.02×g/0.03×g,30 Hz),and had high von Mises stress when LMHFV parameters were restricted within(0.02×g to 0.03×g,30 Hz to 35 Hz).Conclusion Whole-body LMHFV significantly improves the force and hydrodynamic environment of cancellous bone,and force-mediated osteoblast bioactivity can be enhanced by rationally modulating LMHFV parameters during clinical processes so as to promote osteogenesis.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):17-23]

Norepinephrine (NE) modulates synaptic transmission and long-term plasticity through distinct subtype adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated-intracellular signaling cascades. However, the role of NE modulates glutamatergic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) is unclear. We here investigate the effect of NE on high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced glutamatergic LTP in rat hypothalamic PVN MNCs in vitro, by whole-cell patch-clamp recording, biocytin staining and pharmacological methods. Delivery of HFS induced glutamatergic LTP with a decrease in N2/N1 ratio in the PVN MNCs, which was enhanced by application of NE (100 nM).HFS-induced LTP was abolished by the blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) with D-APV, but it was rescued by the application of NE. NE failed to rescue HFS-induced LTP of MNCs in the presence of a selective β1-AR antagonist, CGP 20712. However, application of β1-AR agonist, dobutamine HCl rescued HFS-induced LTP of MNCs in the absence of NMDAR activity. In the absence of NMDAR activity, NE failed to rescue HFS-induced MNC LTP when protein kinase A (PKA) was inhibited by extracellular applying KT5720 or intracellular administration of PKI. These results indicate that NE activates β1-AR and triggers HFS to induce a novel glutamatergic LTP of hypothalamic PVN NMCs via the postsynaptic PKA signaling pathway in vitro in rats.

Objective To design an experimental device for simulating the interface micro motion of bone trabecular prosthesis and carry out the finite element analysis.Methods The experimental device was composed of a screw-in cylinder with threads,a flexible hinge,a micro-motion rod,a trabecular prosthesis,a connecting rod and a fixation post.A model of the experimental device was constructed with SolidWorks software,and then imported into ABAQUS software to establish a finite element model.An axial displacement load was applied to the femur to analyze the effects of the position of the flexible hinge,the gap between the prosthesis and the femur and the length of the connecting rod on the micro motion.Results The interface micro motion produced by the experimental device increased with the distance of the flexible hinge from the lower end of the screwed-in cylinder;the gap between the prosthesis and the femur did not affect the interface micro motion when the gap was not lower than 20 μm;the interface micro motion rose with the length of the connecting rod.Conclusion The experimental device can accurately simulate the micro motion of different bone trabecular prosthesis interfaces,and can be used for studying the effect of the interface micro motion on osseointegration.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):25-30]

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the test formulation of compound lidocaine cream and reference formulation of lidocaine and prilocaine cream in Chinese healthy subjects and to evaluate whether there is bioequivalence between the two formulations.Methods A single-center,single-dose,randomized,open-label,two-period,two-sequence,crossover design was used.This study included 40 healthy subjects,and in each period,test formulation or reference formulation 60 g was applied to the skin in front of both thighs(200 cm2 each side,a total of 400 cm2)under fasting conditions,and the drug was left on for at least 5 h after application.The concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine in plasma were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNonlin 8.0 software to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two formulations.Results After the application of the test formulation compound lidocaine cream and the reference formulation lidocaine and prilocaine cream on both thighs of the subjects,the pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine in plasma were as follows:Cmax were(167.27±91.33)and(156.13±66.86)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(1 651.78±685.09)and(1 636.69±617.23)ng·mL-1·h,AUC0-∞ were(1 669.85±684.65)and(1 654.37±618.30)ng·mL-1·h,the adjusted geometric mean ratios were 104.49％,101.88％and 101.89％,respectively,with 90％confidence intervals of 98.18％-111.20％,97.80％-106.13％and 97.87％-106.07％,all within the range of 80.00％-125.00％.The pharmacokinetic parameters of prilocaine in plasma were as follows:Cmax were(95.66±48.84)and(87.52±39.16)ng·mL-1,AUC0-t were(790.86±263.99)and(774.14±256.42)ng·mL-1·h,AUC0_m were(807.27±264.67)and(792.84±254.06)ng·mL-1 h,the adjusted geometric mean ratios were 107.34％,103.55％and 102.98％,respectively with 90％confidence intervals of 101.69％-113.31％,99.94％-107.30％and 99.65％-106.43％,all within the range of 80.00％-125.00％.Conclusion The test formulation compound lidocaine cream and the reference formulation lidocaine and prilocaine cream are bioequivalent.