italic>Salmonella has emerged as a promising tumor-targeting strategy in recent years due to its good tumor targeting ability and certain safety. In order to further optimize its therapeutic effect, scientists have tried to modify Salmonella, including its attenuation and drug loading. This paper summarizes the mechanism and research progress of Salmonella-mediated targeted tumor therapy, and introduces the strategies and related progress of its modification and optimization. At the same time, the advantages, current challenges and future development directions of Salmonella-mediated tumor therapy are summarized.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Aim To investigate the mechanisms of Ke-chuanting granules(KCT)inhibiting the IL-33/ILC2s pathway and pathogenic T cells to intervene in allergic airway inflammation.Methods Network pharmacolo-gy was utilized to analyze the potential targets and mechanisms of KCT-treated asthma.Allergic asthma models were induced in mice using OVA.Lung histo-pathology was conducted to observe injury changes.ELISA and quantitative PCR were utilized to measure key inflammatory factors and their mRNA expression levels in Th2-type asthma.Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of relevant proteins in the MAPK pathway.Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the proportions of ILC2s,Th1,Th 17,Th2 and Treg cells.Results Network pharmacology iden-tified 227 main active components and 143 key targets of KCT in treating asthma,primarily enriched in signa-ling pathways such as MAPK and IL-17.Further vali-dation experiments demonstrated that KCT significantly alleviated lung inflammatory injury in asthmatic mice,reduced the number of B cells,production of I L-4,TNF-α and TGF-β,downregulated JNK phosphoryla-tion levels in lung tissue,as well as mRNA levels of Il-33,Bcl11b,Rorα,Tcf-7,Jun,Mapk3 and Mapk14.KCT intervention reduced the numbers of ILC2s and Th 17 cells in lungs and spleens of mice,and inhibited Th2 cell infiltration in lungs.Conclusions KCT ex-hibits therapeutic effects on allergic airway inflamma-tion in asthma,closely associated with the inhibition of the IL-33/ILC2s pathway,pathogenic T cell subsets,and JNK-MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has anti-hepatoma activity.Methods Cell experiment:HepG2 cells were divided into blank group(0.9％NaCl)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(2,4,8 mg·mL-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).The 24,48,72 h cell proliferation activity was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)method.Animal experiments:BALB/C mice inoculated with H22 cells were divided into model group(0.9％NaCl),cisplatin group(2 mg·kg-1 cisplatin),lappaconitine hydrobromide group(4 mg·kg-1 lappaconitine hydrobromide)and high-dose group(8 mg·kg-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).BALB/C mice were selected as control group(0.9％NaCl).After 14 days of continuous administration,the tumor inhibition rate of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai was detected.The indexes of inflammation,liver cancer and liver function related factors in serum of mice in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The apoptosis protein of tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The median inhibitory concentration(IC50)of trichloromethane in HepG2 cells for 24,48 and 72 h were 5.71,4.37 and 2.12 mg·mL-1,respectively.The expression levels of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in serum were 8.84±0.35,12.04±0.76,10.14±1.01,9.53±0.79 and 9.33±1.06 in control group,model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group,respectively.The tumor inhibition rates of cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 48.40％,50.71％and 52.58％,respectively.The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)in model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 101.09±7.15,65.92±6.11,67.12±7.88 and 62.60±10.75,respectively;the expression levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bel-2 associated X protein(Bax)were 48.57±15.50,89.09±8.54,60.40±3.24 and 108.79±3.17,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in cisplatin group,hyperaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group had statistical significance(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has significant anti-liver cancer activity,inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells,induces apoptosis,and thus exerts anti-hepatocarcinoma activity.

AIM To study the effects of Dianxianqing Granules on Tau protein in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODS The mice expressing P301S mutant Tau variant were randomly divided into the model group,the MCC950 group (NLRP3 inhibitor,10 mg/kg),the Dianxianqing Granules group (12.48 g/kg),the MCC950+Dianxianqing Granules group,in contrast to the C57BL/6 mice of the control group.After 5 months of administration,the mice had their learning and memory ability tested by Y maze test and Morris water maze test;their cerebral morphological changes observed by HE staining;their cerebral expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins detected by immunohistochemical method;their expression of cerebral Tau protein detected by immunofluorescence;and their cerebral expressions of Tau,p-Tau (ser202),p-Tau (thr205),NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group displayed decreased rate of spontaneous alternate reaction and times of crossing platform (P<0.05,P<0.01);abnormal hippocampal morphology,decreased number of neurons,increased cerebral positive expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD (P<0.05);deposition of a large number of brown granules in cytoplasm,and increased protein expressions of Tau,p-Tau (ser202),p-Tau (thr205),NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1βand IL-18 in the hippocampus and the cortex (P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the group intervened with Dianxianqing Granules demonstrated both increased rate of spontaneous alternate reaction and times of crossing platform (P<0.05);complete and normal morphology of the brain,a diversity of fine neurons,reduced cerebral positive expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD (P<0.05);and decreased protein expressions of Tau,p-Tau (ser202),p-Tau (thr205),NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus and the cortex (P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Dianxianqing Granules may inhibit Tau protein expression in the mouse model of AD via NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway.

Objective To investigate Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has anti-hepatoma activity.Methods Cell experiment:HepG2 cells were divided into blank group(0.9％NaCl)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(2,4,8 mg·mL-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).The 24,48,72 h cell proliferation activity was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)method.Animal experiments:BALB/C mice inoculated with H22 cells were divided into model group(0.9％NaCl),cisplatin group(2 mg·kg-1 cisplatin),lappaconitine hydrobromide group(4 mg·kg-1 lappaconitine hydrobromide)and high-dose group(8 mg·kg-1 Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai).BALB/C mice were selected as control group(0.9％NaCl).After 14 days of continuous administration,the tumor inhibition rate of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai was detected.The indexes of inflammation,liver cancer and liver function related factors in serum of mice in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The apoptosis protein of tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The median inhibitory concentration(IC50)of trichloromethane in HepG2 cells for 24,48 and 72 h were 5.71,4.37 and 2.12 mg·mL-1,respectively.The expression levels of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in serum were 8.84±0.35,12.04±0.76,10.14±1.01,9.53±0.79 and 9.33±1.06 in control group,model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group,respectively.The tumor inhibition rates of cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 48.40％,50.71％and 52.58％,respectively.The expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)in model group,cisplatin group,lappaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group were 101.09±7.15,65.92±6.11,67.12±7.88 and 62.60±10.75,respectively;the expression levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bel-2 associated X protein(Bax)were 48.57±15.50,89.09±8.54,60.40±3.24 and 108.79±3.17,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in cisplatin group,hyperaconitine hydrobromide group and high-dose group had statistical significance(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai has significant anti-liver cancer activity,inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells,induces apoptosis,and thus exerts anti-hepatocarcinoma activity.

AIM To study the effects of Dianxianqing Granules on Tau protein in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODS The mice expressing P301S mutant Tau variant were randomly divided into the model group,the MCC950 group (NLRP3 inhibitor,10 mg/kg),the Dianxianqing Granules group (12.48 g/kg),the MCC950+Dianxianqing Granules group,in contrast to the C57BL/6 mice of the control group.After 5 months of administration,the mice had their learning and memory ability tested by Y maze test and Morris water maze test;their cerebral morphological changes observed by HE staining;their cerebral expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD proteins detected by immunohistochemical method;their expression of cerebral Tau protein detected by immunofluorescence;and their cerebral expressions of Tau,p-Tau (ser202),p-Tau (thr205),NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model group displayed decreased rate of spontaneous alternate reaction and times of crossing platform (P<0.05,P<0.01);abnormal hippocampal morphology,decreased number of neurons,increased cerebral positive expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD (P<0.05);deposition of a large number of brown granules in cytoplasm,and increased protein expressions of Tau,p-Tau (ser202),p-Tau (thr205),NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1βand IL-18 in the hippocampus and the cortex (P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the group intervened with Dianxianqing Granules demonstrated both increased rate of spontaneous alternate reaction and times of crossing platform (P<0.05);complete and normal morphology of the brain,a diversity of fine neurons,reduced cerebral positive expressions of Caspase-1 and GSDMD (P<0.05);and decreased protein expressions of Tau,p-Tau (ser202),p-Tau (thr205),NLRP3,Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 in the hippocampus and the cortex (P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION Dianxianqing Granules may inhibit Tau protein expression in the mouse model of AD via NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of lung metastasis in patients with cervical cancer after treatment. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 191 patients with lung metastasis of stage Ⅰa-Ⅲb cervical cancer (FIGO 2009 stage) treated in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2007 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for prognostic factors analysis. Results: Among 191 patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer, pulmonary metastasis was found in 134 patients (70.2%) during follow-up examination, and 57 patients (29.8%) had clinical symptoms (cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and fever). The time from the initial treatment of cervical cancer to the discovery of lung metastasis was 1-144 months in the whole group, with a median time of 19 months. Univariate analysis of the prognosis of lung metastasis after treatment of cervical cancer showed that the diameter of cervical tumor, lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, disease-free interval after treatment of cervical cancer, whether it is accompanied by other metastasis, the number, location and maximum diameter of lung metastasis, and the treatment method after lung metastasis are related to the prognosis of patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of lung metastases and other site metastases in addition to lung metastases were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with lung metastases of cervical cancer (P<0.05). Conclusions: For patients with cervical cancer, attention should be paid to chest CT examination during follow-up to guard against the possibility of lung metastasis after treatment. Besides lung metastasis, other site metastasis and the number of lung metastasis are independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer. For patients with lung metastasis after treatment of cervical cancer, surgical treatment is an effective treatment. It is necessary to strictly grasp the surgical indications, and some patients can achieve long-term survival. For patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer who are not suitable for resection of lung metastasis, the remedial treatment of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy is still a recommended choice.
Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Survival Rate